scholarly journals Inclusive businesses as a development strategy to fight poverty

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 382-409
Author(s):  
Natália Sant'Anna Torres ◽  
Francisco José Mendes Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Poverty Relief ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Progressive Agenda ◽  
Moral Justifications ◽  
Global Population

Inclusive businesses implement policies aimed at bringing a marginalized part of the global population into value chains. This paper analyzes these social inclusion strategies which have gained increasing importance in the development debate. In order to do so, we have examined the role of two multilateral organizations – the United Nations and the World Bank – in constructing the concept of inclusive businesses and analyzed 107 cases which are considered inclusive. From the analysis of how inclusive businesses incorporate low-income people and microenterprises into value chains, we identified three central approaches: inclusion through consumption, distribution chains, and supply chains. We rely on Boltanski and Chiapello's (1999) theoretical model to understand the assumptions and dynamics behind each of these three approaches and to grasp the moral justifications that legitimize them. In this sense, such strategies are understood here as a response by capitalism to its critics, a kind of response that allows neoliberal capitalism to absorb the less threatening demands of the progressive agenda and promote new forms of engagement in the system. We conclude that these development strategies do not address the structural asymmetries of the global productive and distributive system, since they replace an agenda for decreasing inequality and poverty eradication with one of mere poverty relief and overshadow the role of the state in the development process. The first step to move beyond this approach requires bringing collective and redistributive demands back into the center of development debate.

Turbulence and Order in Economic Development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel Gray
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Manufacturing Growth

The terms of debate on the role of institutions in economic development are changing. Stable market institutions, in particular secure private property rights and democratically accountable governments that uphold the rule of law, are widely seen to be a prerequisite for economic transformation in low-income countries. Yet over the last thirty years, economic growth and structural transformation has surged forward in a range of countries where market and state institutions have differed from these ideals, as well as from each other. This book studies the role of the state in economic transformation in two such countries, Tanzania and Vietnam. These were two of the poorest countries in the world in the early 1980s but, over the last thirty years, both have experienced significant changes in the pace and character of economic development. While both countries experienced faster rates of GDP growth, their paths of economic transformation were very different. Vietnam experienced rapid manufacturing growth and poverty reduction while Tanzania’s path of economic change was characterized by the rise of mining and a much slower pace of poverty reduction. Employing a political settlements approach, this book argues that their paths of economic transformation were mediated by the lasting influence of differences in the institutions and distributions of power that had been forged during the socialist period. The comparison generates new insights into the variable relationship between political order and economic outcomes.

Varieties of Compressed Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-138
Author(s):  
D. Hugh Whittaker ◽  
Timothy J. Sturgeon ◽  
Toshie Okita ◽  
Tianbiao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
The State ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Large Market ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Do So

Chapter 5 explores the ways in which less-developed countries experience the era-related effects of compressed development and try to cope with them. Chapter 4 compared late-developer Japan and compressed-developer China, but countries with poor or mixed records of economic development also face the opportunities and constraints of compression, and must do so with institutions, policies, and industries which emerged under prior conditions. Large-market less-developed countries such as Brazil, India, and even China face the era effects of compression, with legacies that are often poorly suited and sometimes antithetical to the demands of global value chains and technology ecosystems. Discontinuities and differences across sectors further complicate the role of the state in the era of compressed development.

Charity’s dilemmas: an ethnography of gift-giving and social class in Croatia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Doolan ◽  
Dražen Cepić ◽  
Jeremy F. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
The State ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Poverty Relief ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Moral Economies ◽  
A Site

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore charitable giving and receiving as a site of social class interaction in Croatia today, particularly in relation to the country’s socialist past and capitalist present. Design/methodology/approach Ethnographic fieldwork was conducted in three charity organisations in Croatia. The reported material is based on participant observation, interviews and informal conversations with organisation members, activists, employees and end users. Findings The authors find that charity activists and recipients of aid occupy distinct but overlapping moral economies in relation to questions of poverty, charity and the role of the state. Originality/value The authors develop a unique perspective on charitable giving and receiving in a context in which memories of socialism shape understandings of the role of the state today vis-à-vis poverty relief.

scholarly journals INSTITUTIONAL REGULATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL SECTOR OF ECONOMY OF UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Naumov ◽  
Larysa Naumova ◽  
Olha Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Foreign Trade Policy ◽  
Domestic Industry ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with the main causes and consequences of the de-industrialization of the national economy of Ukraine. The impact of foreign trade policy on the dynamics of the domestic industrial sector is analysed. Features of the Ukrainian economy sectors’ integration into international value chains are defined. The decisive role of the state in the formation of favourable prerequisites for the development of domestic industry is justified.

Smallholders and Farmworkers in Agricultural Value Chains: No Upgrading Without Collective Action and State Support

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Ismail Doga Karatepe ◽  
Christoph Scherrer
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Labor Laws ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Economic Upgrading ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Social Upgrading

Abstract This article presents findings from field studies of smallholders and farmworkers producing coffee, mangoes, and rice in several countries in the global South. It is one of the few comparative studies of the constraints and opportunities for social upgrading in global agricultural value chains (gvcs). We argue that the ease with which new suppliers can be found gives highly concentrated global wholesalers and retailers enormous leverage over smallholders. As a result, opportunities for social upgrading tend to be limited. Even in successful cases, it is accompanied by fewer employment opportunities. Cooperatives, which enjoy government support and enforced labor laws, are an exception. The article begins with a discussion of problems in measuring the impact of gvc participation and a theoretical explanation of why economic upgrading is not sufficient to ensure social upgrading. Special attention is given to the role of the state in promoting social upgrading.

Subjects of privatisation in catering and tourism and the development strategy of the Republic of Croatia

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-412
Author(s):  
Jože Perić
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Holding Companies ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Development Strategy ◽  
The Republic

After the first phase of privatization - transformation of ownership - the ownership structure in catering and tourism has been established with the dominant share of the State funds (The CPF and The PF) and of small shareholders. The present ownership structure cannot survive as incompatible to market economy. The lack of the development strategy and privatization strategy are unfavourable for the optimalisation of the ownership structure. However, it is possible to consider some process changes in respect to the subjects of privatization. The CFP will gradually disappear and the number and share amount of small shareholders will decrease considerably. New forms of private capital will appear - holding companies, family and individual capitals of different size and organization. From the aspect of needed strategy, it is necessary to accept the dynamics, aims of privatization and the increase of foreign capital. Catering and tourism need to be adapted for further privatization (recovery and reconstruction). In respect to the optimal ownership structure and possible strategic interests (investment possibilities, Diaspora, small shareholders) market rules and the main role of the State in further process of privatization must be considered.

scholarly journals Neoliberal urban transformations in the arab city

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 99-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Farouk Daher
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Spatial Politics ◽  
Housing Projects ◽  
Class Project ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
The City

This research represents a discursive-comparative analysis aiming to understand the current urban neoliberal condition in the Arab world in terms of the circulating patterns of urban transformation. The research introduces and suggests a discursive framework in which various neoliberal projects could be examined and evaluated against one or more of the following indicators: urban lifestyle, emancipatory neoliberal discourse, claims to social sustainability, socio-spatial politics and dynamics, governance and place management, changing role of the state, and circulation of neoliberal practices. The research applies and benefits from a reconciliation between neo-Marxist theories of political economy and poststructuralist approaches related to the art of governance. However, in doing so it relies mostly on one body of theory, namely, neo-Marxist theories considering neoliberalism as a class project of social exclusion. The framework of analysis is applied to the following three case studies in Amman: high-end business towers, gated upper-middle class communities, and low-income housing projects. In general, these projects, despite their emancipatory rhetoric, led to geographies of inequality and urban disparities within the city of Amman.

scholarly journals The Vietnamese Economy in the Industrial Revolution 4.0

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-366
Author(s):  
Le Van Thong ◽  
Vu Trinh The Quan
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Undergraduate Education ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Near Future ◽  
And Training

Mankind has undergone three scientific and technical revolutions and is now embarking on the fourth (also known as the Industrial Revolution 4.0). Globalization forces companies to review and innovate their production processes in the direction of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 – the integration of tools such as artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing, etc. which are connected globally through digital data transmission. In spite of being in the new revolution, Vietnam is yet to utilize the achievements of the second and especially the third revolution. At the same time, it is expected that Vietnam is among the hardest hit countries due to its unreadiness in all aspects. This paper aims to (1) provide an overview of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, (ii) evaluate the influence of the revolution on Vietnam, and (iii) analyze opportunities and challenges for Vietnam's economy. A number of recommendations to develop Vietnam's economy in the near future is also provided, including: (1) Changing education and training strategies to be in line with the Industrial Revolution 4.0, especially the undergraduate education; (2) Having appropriate science and technology development strategy to increase labor productivity and build a foundation for advanced science and technology; and (3) strengthening the role of the State.

scholarly journals STATE AS THE MAIN INSTITUTIONAL AND STRATEGIC SUBJECT OF ELABORATION AND IMPLEMENTATIONOF THE INNOVATIVE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4(73)) ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  
A.M. VDOVICHENKO ◽  
O.V. KALINCHAK ◽  
M.A. KUZNETSOVA
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
The State ◽  
Institutional Transformation ◽  
Role Of The State

Topicality. The effect of modern globalization processes leading to escalating competition make it actual and necessary to learn historical studies of implementing reforms worldwide and the role of the state in the process of institutional transformation provided by highly developed countries of the world. Therefore, the present day the key issue of Ukraine resolving which has the theoretical and practical importance is the issue of the institutional modernization with defining the role and placing of the state on course of implementing and supporting the innovative and sustainable development. Aim and tasks: to prove, on the basis of learning the historical studies of implementing reforms worldwide and the role of the state in the process of institutional transformation, that at the present stage of human development it is the state that is in a role of the main institutional strategic subject of the innovative and sustainable development strategy that has the practical importance for defining the direction of the further social and economic transformation in Ukraine. Research results. The article is focused on that the market system in its classical form is past the point of the historical development. Gradually, in view of objective reasons, the placing and functions of the state have been changing in the direction of consolidation of its role, direct dealing with resolving fateful issues. Nowadays in successful and developed countries it is the main institutional and strategic subject of mixed economic system, one of its organization components. The overview of historical experience of the reform implement in countries that have achieved substantial gains proves that these gains are connected with the institutional reformations with the state being in the heart of them. On the other hand, dogmatical proclamation of private property privileges under any circumstances and at the same time the removal of the state from resolving fateful issues, the glamorization of the market of Ukraine and as a result � system error while choosing and implementing the model of economic development, have led to the formation of oligarchic capitalism with the objective traits peculiar to it. Therefore, the present day the issue must be not the reforms modernization and intensification but the change of their rates, the economy management philosophy in general. Conclusion. The research that had been made gave an opportunity to substantiate the attitude of the authors being that without the complex system support of the real sector of economy with the focus on innovation, without consolidation of state property and its institutes including those on the backs of reprivatizing the strategically important enterprises as the fundamental principle of the future economy of Ukraine the fateful issues would be impossible to resolve.

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