scholarly journals INSTITUTIONAL REGULATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL SECTOR OF ECONOMY OF UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Naumov ◽  
Larysa Naumova ◽  
Olha Naumova

The article deals with the main causes and consequences of the de-industrialization of the national economy of Ukraine. The impact of foreign trade policy on the dynamics of the domestic industrial sector is analysed. Features of the Ukrainian economy sectors’ integration into international value chains are defined. The decisive role of the state in the formation of favourable prerequisites for the development of domestic industry is justified.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Ismail Doga Karatepe ◽  
Christoph Scherrer

Abstract This article presents findings from field studies of smallholders and farmworkers producing coffee, mangoes, and rice in several countries in the global South. It is one of the few comparative studies of the constraints and opportunities for social upgrading in global agricultural value chains (gvcs). We argue that the ease with which new suppliers can be found gives highly concentrated global wholesalers and retailers enormous leverage over smallholders. As a result, opportunities for social upgrading tend to be limited. Even in successful cases, it is accompanied by fewer employment opportunities. Cooperatives, which enjoy government support and enforced labor laws, are an exception. The article begins with a discussion of problems in measuring the impact of gvc participation and a theoretical explanation of why economic upgrading is not sufficient to ensure social upgrading. Special attention is given to the role of the state in promoting social upgrading.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Rudenko ◽  
Ruslan Voloshchuk

The issues of the place and role of the state in the investment process has not lost relevance for many decades. Some scholars, appealing to the experience of developed countries, propose to minimize the role of the state in the investment sphere. This view is based on the fact that state participation cannot ensure a more efficient allocation of investment resources than a market mechanism of self-regulation. Other scholars believe that all the troubles in the economy are due to the fact that the state has minimized its influence on the investment sector, thereby causing a decrease in its activity. Obviously, both positions of scientists cannot be rejected mechanically. However, the practice of conducting investment activities in Ukraine has clearly shown that the state's departure from the investment sphere has actually cleared the way for anarchy and inconsistency in the investment process. At present, the state is obliged to influence investment activity by choosing effective means of its regulation, relying primarily on the fiscal mechanism. The article is devoted to the study of the essence of the fiscal mechanism for regulating the investment development of the national economy and the identification of its specific features. The specifics of the scientific tasks that are the subject of the study required the use of a set of special methods, the use of which helped to analyze the essence of the fiscal mechanism for regulating the investment development of the national economy and to highlight its specific characteristics. The etymology of the concept of “fisc” is considered in the article. Approaches to the interpretation of the term “mechanism” are highlighted. The economic meaning of the definition of “regulation” is substantiated. The essence of the fiscal mechanism for regulating the investment development of the national economy is determined. The specific features of the fiscal mechanism for regulating the investment development of the national economy are singled out and characterized. The study found that the impact of the fiscal mechanism on the investment development of the national economy is due to its specific characteristics and the focus of its components at solving specific problems and achieving a real effect due to financial resources that are formed, distributed and used to meet the investment needs of economic entities.  Keywords: fisc, mechanism, regulation, investment development, fiscal mechanism for regulating the investment development of the national economy


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Igor Guzhva ◽  
Petro Nebotov ◽  
Yevhen Ivanov

The purpose of the article is to define and argue the key criteria and directions of foreign trade policy, which become crucial in conditions of country’s integration into global value chains, as well as to reveal the impact of major regulatory barriers to trade that prevent Ukraine’s integration into global value chains. The subject-matter of the study is the peculiarities of foreign trade regulation under global value chains expansion. Methodology. The methodological principles of research involve the joint application of a set of well-known common scientific methods, as well as special research methods in economics, such as the method of system and structural analysis to generalize spheres, directions, and tools of GVC-friendly trade regulation. Results. The essence of global value chains as a modern concept for international trade analysis is revealed. New approaches to trade and economic policy aimed at improving the country’s participation in global value chains are analysed. Key spheres, in which bottlenecks for global value chains usually occur, are investigated. The growing importance of liberalization of trade in services in order to integrate into GVC successfully is stressed. Main barriers that prevent the Ukrainian economy from effective integration into GVC are outlined. Basic shortcomings in Ukraine’s export control system that constrain the expansion of the country’s exports of dual-use goods and technologies are outlined. Practical implications. The article contains a comprehensive set of tools and regulations to revise approaches, directions, and efficiency criteria of governmental foreign trade policy according to global value chains concept. Value/originality. Identified requirements for foreign trade policy allowed investigating the effectiveness and perspectives of Ukraine’s trade and investment regime from a GVC point of view.


Author(s):  
Kseniya V. Mokhnatkina ◽  
◽  
Nataliia V. Naidenova ◽  
Anna Y. Shkryabina ◽  
◽  
...  

Introduction. Changes in the balance of power in the global economy, the increasing role of the Asia-Pacific countries in international trade, the consequences of the global crisis of 2008–2009 led to a revision of foreign trade policy by both developed and developing countries, to an increased application of protective measures of national economy. Theoretical analysis. State economic policy aimed at protecting and realizing the interests of the national economy is protectionism in a broad sense. In a narrow sense, protectionism is considered as a foreign trade policy. The use of historical and logical methods in the study of the foreign trade policy of protectionism made it possible to identify the main stages of its development and the characteristics of each stage. Empirical analysis. The study analyzes the dynamics of the current and financial accounts of the balance of payments of Russia and the largest participants in international trade, shows the degree of their dependence on international trade and their vulnerability to the strengthening of protectionist measures. The article substantiates the need for Russia to pursue a policy of neo-protectionism, stimulate the generation of its own value chains and join regional chains, and actively participate in regional and preferential trade agreements. Results. At the new stage of the foreign trade policy of protectionism, its measures became more hidden, and the role of customs duties faded into the background. The desire to reduce non-tariff barriers, protect intellectual property rights, remove restrictions associated with manipulating the exchange rate, encourage regional integration, the conclusion of preferential trade agreements. In the future, having fulfilled a progressive role, regional and preferential agreements can be transformed into multilateral ones. The creation of a mechanism for such a transformation may become a new function of the reformed WTO.


Author(s):  
K. E. Stupak ◽  

The article deals with analyzing the main streams of the education policy in Finland, which reflect the relationship between a person and society in modern socio–economic conditions. Such policy directs the system of education to change the person and his mind himself. Finland using its education system, has long before been concerned about preparing people for the future by reforming approaches to teaching in schools and higher education institutions. As a result, it has achieved world–wide recognition and top positions in various ratings have resulted. Therefore, today there is a great interest of scientists in certain issues of education functioning in Finland. Thus, G. Androshchuk, V. Butova. I. Zhernokleeva, T. Pushkareva and others study in their works the purpose and decisive role of Finland's education policy in the development of the education system. S. Grinyuk and V. Zagvozdkin pay attention to the practical the steps of reforming the Finnish system of education. T. Drobyshevsk investigates the system of providing educational services in Finland as a sector of knowledge production. L. Volynets, P. Kukharchuk consider the principles of the state education policy of Finland. L. Smolskaya examines the role of the state policy in implementing the "Finnish phenomenon"; P. Basyliuk and Yu. Kulykova, focus attention on the study of the evolution of the system of higher education in Finland; O. Scherbak reveals peculiarities of vocational education and training.


2019 ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
I. A. Korgun ◽  
G. D. Toloraya

The presented study analyzes the opportunities for North Korea to capitalize on its competitive advantages in foreign trade in the context of sanctions.Aim. The study aims to identify mechanisms that allow North Korea to engage in foreign trade in circumvention of UN sanctions and to analyze their impact on the national economy.Tasks. The authors analyze the structure of North Korea’s national economy, its initial competitive advantage, identify the specific features of North Korea’s foreign trade in the context of sanctions, and determine the consequences of illicit trade in circumvention of sanctions for the national economy.Methods. This study uses an interdisciplinary approach that combines the classical theory of competitive advantage with the concept of rent seeking, with the concept of rent seeking and analysis of trade flows.Results. The study shows that, despite the restrictions imposed by sanctions, North Korea strives to make the most of its advantages, such as resource availability and cheap labor, in global trade. The country builds its own export-import chains in circumvention of sanctions. These chains are rather mobile, flexible, and controlled by the elite. As a result, benefits from trade that could be evenly distributed among the population are concentrated in the hands of a narrow segment of society. ‘Rent seeking’ makes it possible to formulate the negative consequences of these processes for the North Korean economy and the international community.Conclusions. Solving the North Korean issue requires an economic transformation in the country through the replacement of restrictive sanctions with more constructive ones. The exclusion of North Korea from open global trade leads to the country’s marginalization and impairs the transparency of international commodity flows.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1046
Author(s):  
Nicola Francesconi ◽  
Fleur Wouterse ◽  
Dorothy Birungi Namuyiga

While the health impact of COVID-19 in most African countries appears modest, the impact of social distancing measures, closing of markets and reduced mobility is felt across the board. Domestic, labor-intensive and traditional food value chains and the smallholders they serve appear to be particularly affected. During a systemic shock where idiosyncratic risk coping strategies fail, collective or organizational resilience becomes of the essence to protect the livelihoods of smallholders. In this study, we have used pre- and during-shock data on agricultural cooperatives from Southeast Africa to understand how resilient these smallholder-owned organizations are. We find that many organizations could not countervail market-disruptions and fell into a state of dormancy during the pandemic. One reason for this is that collective decision-making was heavily affected by the banning of gatherings. Only a few organizations devised innovative solutions to maintain the market linkages of rural smallholders. The lack of resilience demonstrated by most cooperatives appears to be associated with organizational immaturity, large membership size, elite capture and limited business-orientation, which underscore a general lack of managerial capital.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Наталия Александровна Иванова

Актуальность исследования для экономики усиливается такими явлениями, как влияние мирового финансового кризиса, усложнение отраслевой и территориальной структуры производства, усиление интеграции всех сфер общественной жизни, возрастание значения экологических, социальных и политических факторов развития общества, повышение трансакционных издержек принятия решений в сфере управления. Изучение литературы о территориях дает основание определить понятие региональной системы России как элемент, подсистему некоторой иерархической системы, в роли которой выступает национальная экономика. Процессы глобализации коренным образом изменяют роль регионов в национальной экономике. Регион постепенно становится не только отдельным экономическим агентом, но также вступает в мировые конкурентные процессы. Положение территориально-организованных систем оказывается зависимым не только от макроэкономических условий или возможностей самих регионов, но также от расстановки конкурентных сил, механизмов взаимодействия регионов с другими субъектами. В этой связи возникает необходимость системных исследований с целью выработки комплекса мер, которые будут способствовать повышению конкурентоспособности экономики в целом, ее регионов в частности. Существующий инструментарий региональной экономики является уже недостаточным для анализа такого рода проблем, а традиционный конкурентный анализ не рассматривает регионы в качестве субъектов конкуренции. Требуется расширение и применение новых теоретических подходов к анализу региональных экономических систем и эффективности их развития, формированию целостной концепции развития территориальной организации хозяйства, что обусловило актуальность данного исследования. The relevance of the study for the economy is enhanced by such phenomena as the impact of the global financial crisis, the complication of the sectoral and territorial structure of production, the strengthening of integration of all spheres of public life, the increasing importance of environmental, social and political factors in the development of society, the increase in transaction costs of decision-making in the field of management. The study of the literature on territories gives grounds to define the concept of the regional system of Russia as an element, a subsystem of some hierarchical system, in the role of which the national economy acts. The processes of globalization are fundamentally changing the role of regions in the national economy. The region is gradually becoming not only a separate economic agent, but also enters into global competitive processes. The position of geographically organized systems turns out to depend not only on the macroeconomic conditions or the capabilities of the regions themselves, but also on the alignment of competitive forces, the mechanisms of interaction of regions with other entities. In this regard, there is a need for systematic research in order to develop a set of measures that will contribute to improving the competitiveness of the economy as a whole, its regions in particular. The existing tools of the regional economy are no longer sufficient to analyze such problems, and traditional competitive analysis does not consider regions as subjects of competition. It requires the expansion and application of new theoretical approaches to the analysis of regional economic systems and the effectiveness of their development, the formation of an integral concept of the development of the territorial organization of the economy, which determined the relevance of this study.


2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Bader Mustafa Al-Sharif

This study aimed to identify the role of Islamic banks in the development of the Jordanian economy. The study population consisted of public administration and branches of the Arab Islamic Bank. The study sample consisted of (85) customer relationship officers and (30) corporate service officers with a total (115) questionnaires distributed on all respondents. Descriptive approach of means and standard deviation was used; also Simple Regression was used to measure the impact of the role of Islamic banks in the development of the Jordanian economy.Among the most important findings of the study that Islamic banks have a medium level role in the development of the Jordanian economy and the development of the industrial sector, and it was clear that at Islamic banks have low level role with negative impact on the development of agricultural sector. The findings have also revealed that Islamic banks develop the construction sector at a high level.The study recommended the need to overcome the problems faced by agricultural and industrial entrepreneurs by Islamic banks in order to get farmers and manufacturers to get the funds necessary for them as this raises the level of development of the Jordanian economy.


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