scholarly journals The influence of social isolation on the incidence of positivity in covid-19 tests in a metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-483
Author(s):  
Alexandre José Natário ◽  
Glaucia Luciano da Veiga ◽  
Vagner Loduca Lima ◽  
Thaís Gascón ◽  
José Claudio dos Santos Pinheiro ◽  
...  

Introduction: With the arrival of the SARS-CoV-2 (Coronavirus 2 of severe acute respiratory syndrome) pandemic in Brazil, especially in the city of São Paulo, there was a need to apply social isolation policies associated with testing, covering all municipalities. The Clinical Analysis Laboratory of Centro Universitário FMABC was one of the first laboratories to receive certification and qualification to perform RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase reaction followed by polymerase chain reaction) tests in the metropolitan region of São Paulo. Objective: Aim to analyze the influence of adopting social isolation on the incidence of positivity in COVID-19 tests in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: a descriptive study carried out from March to May 2020, epidemiological data were collected from each unit served and organized by the data controllership team of the Clinical Analysis Laboratory of FMABC. Epidemiological, demographic, and laboratory data were extracted from the Matrix® outpatient data management system. Clinically suspected cases and confirmed by laboratory tests (RT-PCR and serological tests) were entered. The tests were divided into serological tests using the RT-PCR molecular test, on samples of nasopharyngeal mucosal scrapings collected with sterile Swab. Results: It were evaluated PCR test and antibody presence (IgA, IgM and IgG) in blood samples of 16.297 patients. 22.718 tests were performed for the diagnosis of COVID-19, both RT-PCR (10.410 tests) and serological tests to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, IgA, IgM and IgG, a total of 16.297 patients were assessed, 63% women and 37% men. It was observed that the social isolation policies adopted during this period contained the massive expansion of contamination, at least while the social isolation rates were above 55%. Conclusion: The data of this study demonstrated the effectiveness of social isolation in containing the positive contamination of SARS-CoV-2 in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, at least for the first three months.

1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lygia Busch Iversson ◽  
Amélia P. A. Travassos da Rosa ◽  
Terezinha Lisieux M. Coimbra ◽  
Ivani Bisordi Ferreira ◽  
Elza da Silva Nassar

The clinical and laboratory data of a disease in a resident of Ribeira Valley, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil, caused by an agent close or identical to Caraparu, a Group C arbovirus, was described. Although there is evidence of an intensive circulation of several arboviruses in the area, no diagnosis of human disease by these agents has been made, except the encephalitis cases caused by Rocio virus during an epidemic in 1975-1977. An antigenic difference between Caraparu strains isolated in São Paulo and in Pará States and a close antigenic relationship between Caraparu strain from São Paulo and Bruconha virus were suggested by the serological tests.


2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-726
Author(s):  
Gabriela Carvalho de Oliveira ◽  
Tathiane Mayumi Anazawa ◽  
Antonio Miguel Vieira Monteiro

This study analyzes the socio-occupational distribution in the Paraíba Valley and North Coast Metropolitan Region (in Portuguese: Região Metropolitana do Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte – RMVPLN) Subregion 4 using spatial microsimulation techniques. To fulfill the proposed objective, the Iterative Proportional Fitting (IPF) technique was used to obtain spatial microdata in the territorial census tracts unit through the 2010 Brazilian Demographic Census. After the Skater regionalization technique was applied, eight homogeneous socio-occupational groups were found. Overall, the proposed socio-occupational categories, studied at an intra-urban scale, allowed for highlighting the social structure on a subregion of the newest Metropolitan space in the São Paulo state. Although this is a preliminary study, it is already capable to identify inequalities degrees that consistently spatially segregate and the less privileged population socioeconomic groups.


Author(s):  
André de Souza Melo ◽  
Ana Iza Gomes da Penha Sobral ◽  
Marcelo Luiz Monteiro Marinho ◽  
Gisleia Benini Duarte ◽  
Amanda Aires Vieira ◽  
...  

Abstract Background To assess the impact of the social isolation index on the number of infections and deaths by COVID-19 in the state of São Paulo (Brazil). Methods Daily isolation data, obtained through geolocation information by mobile phone, were evaluated together with the number of daily infections and deaths by COVID-19 in the state of São Paulo. The study was conducted from February 26 to May 19, 2020. The data were modeled through the vector autoregression (VAR) model. Results The isolation index has an effect of approximately 5% in variation in the number of infections, and 7% in the number of deaths. The impulse response function (IRF) caused a drop of 0.15% in the number of new cases/day, and 0.17% in the number of deaths/day following a shock in the isolation index. For both cases, this effect occurred 1 day after the shock and stabilized after 10 periods. An increase of 1% in the isolation index led to a reduction of 6.91% in new cases and 6.90% in the number of deaths. The 30 cumulative day reduction reached 22.72% in terms of transmission and 35.39% for deaths. Conclusions The social isolation index is related to deaths and infections from SARS-CoV-2. Although distancing measures are accompanied with impacts on the economy and the emergence of other morbidities, the benefits caused by the reduction in the speed of contagion are significant. The adoption of distancing measures has a substantial impact on the number of infected individuals and deaths by COVID-19.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius Possato Rosse ◽  
Jaqueline Natiele Pereira ◽  
Arthur Boari ◽  
Gabriel Vinicius Costa ◽  
João Pedro Colombo Ribeiro ◽  
...  

Abstract Since January 2020, some studies have been reporting a reduction in air pollution in several countries due to social isolation measures, which have been adopted in order to contain the coronavirus outbreak progress (Covid-19). This study aims to evaluate the change in the atmospheric pollution levels by NO and NO2 in São Paulo city in the social isolation period. The NO and NO2 hourly concentrations were obtained through air quality monitoring stations from CETESB, from January 14 to April 12, 2020. Mann-Kendall and the Pettitt tests were performed in the air pollutants time series. We observed an overall negative trend in all stations, indicating a decreasing temporal pattern in concentrations. Regarding NO, the highest decrease rates were observed in Congonhas (-6.39 µg.m-3month-1) and Marginal Tietê (-6.19 µg.m-3month-1) stations; regarding NO2, the highest rates were observed in Marginal Tietê (-4.45 µg.m-3month-1) and Cerqueira César (-4.34 µg.m-3month-1) stations. In addition, we identified a turning point in the NO and NO2 series trends that occurred close to the start date of the social isolation period (March 20, 2020). Moreover, from statistical analysis, it was found that NO2 is a suitable surrogate for monitoring economic activities during social isolation period. Thus, we concluded that social isolation measures implemented in March 20, 2020 caused significant changes in the air pollutants concentrations in São Paulo city (as high as -200% in NO2 levels).


2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-413
Author(s):  
Francisco Naildo Cardoso Leitão ◽  
Carlos Roberto Teixeira Ferreira ◽  
Katiuscia Larsen de Abreu ◽  
Maura Bianca Barbary de Deus ◽  
Hugo Macedo Junior ◽  
...  

Introduction: COVID-19 is a highly transmissible virus that is causing very serious problems in the health of the world, generating major political and financial problems. There are numerous risk factors related to this disease, ranging from morbidities to social and family issues. Objective: to evaluate the effects of the social isolation generated by Covid-19 on the quality of life in the population of two Brazilian cities. Methods: cross-sectional study. The research was carried out in two different cities of the Brazilian confederation. One in Santo André, São Paulo and the other in Rio Branco, Acre, both in Brazil. This is a survey with an online platform, using the drive’s Google Forms tool to assess the population’s quality of life through the SF-36 protocol. The selection was carried out randomly in both groups (Acre and São Paulo), having respectively 109 and 62 participants in this first moment. Results: regarding gender, women are in greater numbers participating in the city of Santo André, São Paulo than in Rio Branco, Acre, both in Brazil, with (80.6% and 48.6%), respectively. Likewise, in relation to the age group Santo André has an average age younger than in Rio Branco. When we compared the dimensions between the two states, performing a Mann-Whitney statistical analysis, statistical differences appeared in three dimensions, which were functional capacity, pain, and vitality, with better quality of life in these three domains for the city of Rio Branco. Conclusion: the city of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil, has a positive score when compared to the city of Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil, in most of the domains analyzed.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Souza de Almeida ◽  
Erick Lean Rodrigues Lucas Palmeira ◽  
Rangel Lima Costa

Background: Intracranial trauma (IT) is an injury inside of the cranial box resulting from external forces, usually caused by automotive accidents, falls and violence, sometimes leading to permanent damage or death. Objectives: Describe hospital admissions for IT in the metropolitan region of São Paulo (SP), based on ICD-10 morbidity list. Design and settings: Epidemiological, descriptive and retrospective study. Methods: Data provided from the Hospital Morbidity System (SIH-SUS) of the Ministry of Health, from January 2015 to December 2020. Results: There were 65.455 cases of hospitalizations by IT registered in the metropolitan region of SP, which surpassed the cases of the North and Midwest regions. In 2020, there was a 5% reduction in cases compared to 2019. The amount spent represented 10.5% of the total spent in Brazil. Most of the hospitalization patients were male, and the most affected age group was 40- 49 years. The lethality was 11.05% and higher in patients over 80 years-old. Conclusions: It is essential to control IT’s causing factors, since it engenders high costs, and it is a serious problem for the public health and economy, and for the victim’s psychosocial context. The metropolitan region of SP requires special attention, once it shows higher rates of hospitalizations, morbidity, and mortality than any other brazilian state. Despite the social isolation in 2020, there were no significant differences between this year’s records comparing to the other ones.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-175
Author(s):  
Wécio Pinheiro Araújo

Resumo: Em O Capital, Marx nos alertou que a mercadoria tem um caráter misterioso que carrega “sutilezas metafísicas e argúcias teológicas”. Este artigo tenta decifrar um pouco desse mistério buscando decodifica-lo naquilo que denominamos como a estranha objetividade do valor. Para isso, analisamos a relação entre a ideologia e o valor a partir da crítica marxiana à mercadoria, consignada à lógica de Hegel. Vemos que o valor se constitui como razão ontológica da mercadoria enquanto produto do processo de trabalho que carrega uma racionalidade imanente, isto é, um espírito socialmente produzido que se objetiva à medida que é vivenciado pelos indivíduos como uma lógica social que rege as relações nesta sociedade. Isso se dá por meio de “sutilezas metafísicas” na formação da realidade social marcada por contradições estabelecidas entre, de um lado, o conteúdo objetivo das relações sociais, e de outro, a forma como essas relações são vivenciadas pela consciência na sociedade capitalista. Nesta relação entre conteúdo e forma, encontramos determinações de profundidade ontológica entre o valor e a ideologia, enquanto forma social que opera harmonizando as contradições constituintes da realidade social, a exemplo do que acontece no trabalho assalariado. A mediação ideológica se põe como uma progressão imanente à materialização da vivência concreta da relação entre capital e trabalho no salário, de maneira a naturalizar a exploração que se esconde na estranha objetividade do valor que se realiza na troca de mercadorias. Concluímos que a conexão ontológica entre o ser social e a mercadoria é socialmente ubíqua, precisamente por conta do seu caráter ideológico na formação da sociabilidade a partir do processo de trabalho subjugado ao capital.  Palavras-chave: Valor. Ideologia. Trabalho, Capital. Salário.  Abstract: In Capital, Marx warned us that the commodity has a mysterious character bearing "metaphysical subtleties and theological insights." This article attempts to decipher a little of this mystery by decoding it into what we call the strange objectivity of value. For this, we analyze the relation between ideology and value from the Marxian critique of the commodity, consigned to the Hegelian logic. We see that value is constituted as the ontological reason of the commodity as the product of the labor process that carries an immanent rationality, that is, a socially produced spirit that is objectified as it is experienced by the individuals as a social logic that governs the relations in this society. This is done through "metaphysical subtleties" in the formation of social reality marked by contradictions established between, on the one hand, the objective content of social relations, and on the other, the way in which these relations are experienced by consciousness in capitalist society. In this relationship between content and form, we find determinations of ontological depth between value and ideology, as a social form that operates by harmonizing the constituent contradictions of social reality, as in wage labor. Ideological mediation is seen as an immanent progression to the materialization of the concrete experience of the relation between capital and labor in wage, in order to naturalize the exploitation that is hidden in the strange objectivity of the value that is realized in the exchange of commodities. We conclude that the ontological connection between the social being and the commodity is socially ubiquitous precisely because of its ideological character in the formation of sociability from the labor process subjugated to capital.  Keywords: Value. Labor. Ideology. Capital. Wage.  REFERÊNCIAS  ADORNO, Theodor W. Teoria Estética. [Asthetische Theorie]. Tradução de Artur Morão. – São Paulo : Livraria Martins Fontes, 1988.  ADORNO, Theodor W. Três estudos sobre Hegel. [Drei Studien zu Hegel]. Tradução: Ulisses Razzante Vaccari. – 1. Ed. – São Paulo: Editora Unesp, 2013.  ARAÚJO, Wécio Pinheiro. Ideologia e capital: crítica da razão imanente à sociedade moderna. Tese de doutorado. João Pessoa, PB; Leipzig, Saxônia, UFPB/UFPE/UFRN-HGB, 2018.  ARTHUR, Christopher J. A nova dialética e “O Capital” de Marx. Tradução de Pedro C. Chadarevian. – São Paulo : Edipro, 2016.   DUSSEL, Enrique. A Produção Teórica de Marx: um comentário sobre os Grundrisse. Tradução de José Paulo Netto. – 1 ed. – São Paulo : Expressão Popular, 2012. GERAS, Norman. Marx and the Critique of Political Economy. In: Ideology and Social Science: politics, sociology, anthropology, economics, history. – Ed. by Robin Blackburn, Fontana/Collins, 1977, p. 284-305.  JAEGGI, Rahel. Alienation: News directions in Critical Theory. Columbia Uni. Press, 2014.  HERÁCLITO, de Éfeso. Heráclito : fragmentos contextualizados. Tradução, apresentação e comentários Alexandre Costa. – São Paulo : Odysseus Editora, 2012.  HEGEL, G. W. F. Fenomenologia do Espírito [Phänomenologie des Geistes]. Tradução de Paulo Meneses; com a colaboração de Karl-Heinz Efken, e José Nogueira Machado. – 5. ed. – Petrópolis, RJ : Vozes : Bragança Paulista, Editora Universitária São Francisco, 2008.  MARX, Karl. Das Kapital: Der Produktionprozess des Kapitals. Erster Band, Erstes Buch (Kapitel XVI-LII). Hamburg, Nikol Verlag., 2016.  MARX, Karl. Grundrisse: manuscritos econômicos de 1857-1858 : esboços da crítica da economia política. – supervisão editorial Mario Duayer; tradução Mario Duayer, Nélio Schneider (colaboração de Alice Helga Werner e Rudiger Hoffman). – São Paulo : Boitempo; Rio de Janeiro: Ed. UFRJ, 2011.  MARX, Karl. Manuscritos econômico-filosóficos. [Ökonomie-philosophische Manuskripte] Tradução, apresentação e notas de Jesus Ranieri. - 2. reimp. - São Paulo : Boitempo Editorial, 2008.  MARX, Karl. O Capital – Crítica da Economia Política. Livro 1 – O Processo de Produção do Capital. Vol. I – 10 ª. Edição, Tradução de Reginaldo Sant’ Anna. Do original em alemão: DAS KAPITAL – Kritik der politischen Ökonomie (Buch I: Der Produktionsprozes des Kapitals, Quarta edição, 1890). São Paulo : DIFEL, 1985.  MARX, Karl. O Capital – Crítica da Economia Política. Livro 1 – O processo de produção do capital. Do original em alemão: DAS KAPITAL – Kritik der politischen Ökonomie (Buch 1: Der Produktionsprozess des Kapitals.  – São Paulo: Boitempo, 2013.   NICHOLS, Bill. Ideology and the Image: Social Representation in the Cinema and Other Media. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1981.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alcides Eduardo dos Reis Peron ◽  
Daniel Edler Duarte ◽  
Leticia Simões-Gomes ◽  
Marcelo Batista Nery

2021 ◽  
pp. 147059312110349
Author(s):  
Maíra Magalhães Lopes ◽  
Joel Hietanen ◽  
Jacob Ostberg

Through our ethnographic study of urban activism collectives in São Paulo, we propose another approach for exploring the process of collective formations and their longevity. Rather than seeking out the representational meanings of individualized communities, we approach collectivity from the perspective of crowds. Crowds are affective. Crowds are contagious. By adopting affect-based theorizing, we discuss affective intensities that bring about collectivity before the individuals awaken to narrate their meaning-makings. In our ethnographic context, collectives resist manifestations of gentrification (i.e., consumer culture in itself) and offer us a multifaceted site of being and becoming with the crowds. We explore how connections and disconnections affectively rekindle the social expression of collective bodies in consumer culture. This way, we add new dimensions to extant theorizing of consumer collectivity that tends to focus on individualized meaning, stability, and harmony.


2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCELO EIRAS ◽  
ALEXANDRE L. R. CHAVES ◽  
ADDOLORATA COLARICCIO ◽  
RICARDO HARAKAVA ◽  
JANSEN DE ARAUJO ◽  
...  

Os tospovírus são responsáveis por perdas significativas em diversas culturas, principalmente solanáceas. No município de São José dos Campos (SP), plantas de jiló (Solanum gilo) apresentando sintomas de mosaico, bolhosidades, nanismo e queda acentuada da produção foram coletadas para análise. Visando a caracterização do agente causador dos sintomas, testes biológicos, elétrono microscópicos, sorológicos e moleculares foram realizados. Através de inoculação mecânica em plantas indicadoras das famílias Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae e Solanaceae obtiveram-se resultados típicos aos esperados para tospovírus. Ao microscópio eletrônico de transmissão, observaram-se, em contrastação negativa, partículas pleomórficas com diâmetro entre 80 e 110 nm e em cortes ultra-finos partículas presentes em vesículas do retículo endoplasmático. Através de DAS-ELISA, identificou-se o Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV). A partir de RNA total extraído de folhas infetadas, amplificaram-se, via RT-PCR, fragmentos correspondentes ao gene da proteína do capsídeo (cp) os quais foram seqüenciados e comparados com outros depositados no "GenBank". A homologia de nucleotídeos e aminoácidos deduzidos foi respectivamente de 99 e 95% quando comparada com seqüências de isolados de TCSV. A comparação com as outras espécies do gênero Tospovirus apresentou valores de homologia entre 72 e 84%. Estes resultados confirmam a identidade deste vírus como pertencente à espécie TCSV, que é predominante no Estado de São Paulo e importante patógeno de outras plantas cultivadas. Além disso, variedades de jiló quando inoculadas foram susceptíveis tanto ao TCSV como às espécies Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) e Groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV).


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document