scholarly journals The impact of social distancing on COVID-19 infections and deaths

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
André de Souza Melo ◽  
Ana Iza Gomes da Penha Sobral ◽  
Marcelo Luiz Monteiro Marinho ◽  
Gisleia Benini Duarte ◽  
Amanda Aires Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Var Model ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
The Social ◽  
Isolation Index ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background To assess the impact of the social isolation index on the number of infections and deaths by COVID-19 in the state of São Paulo (Brazil). Methods Daily isolation data, obtained through geolocation information by mobile phone, were evaluated together with the number of daily infections and deaths by COVID-19 in the state of São Paulo. The study was conducted from February 26 to May 19, 2020. The data were modeled through the vector autoregression (VAR) model. Results The isolation index has an effect of approximately 5% in variation in the number of infections, and 7% in the number of deaths. The impulse response function (IRF) caused a drop of 0.15% in the number of new cases/day, and 0.17% in the number of deaths/day following a shock in the isolation index. For both cases, this effect occurred 1 day after the shock and stabilized after 10 periods. An increase of 1% in the isolation index led to a reduction of 6.91% in new cases and 6.90% in the number of deaths. The 30 cumulative day reduction reached 22.72% in terms of transmission and 35.39% for deaths. Conclusions The social isolation index is related to deaths and infections from SARS-CoV-2. Although distancing measures are accompanied with impacts on the economy and the emergence of other morbidities, the benefits caused by the reduction in the speed of contagion are significant. The adoption of distancing measures has a substantial impact on the number of infected individuals and deaths by COVID-19.

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of delaying vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 assuming unlimited vaccine supply

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Amaku ◽  
Dimas Tadeu Covas ◽  
Francisco Antonio Bezerra Coutinho ◽  
Raymundo Soares Azevedo ◽  
Eduardo Massad
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background At the moment we have more than 177 million cases and 3.8 million deaths (as of June 2021) around the world and vaccination represents the only hope to control the pandemic. Imperfections in planning vaccine acquisition and difficulties in implementing distribution among the population, however, have hampered the control of the virus so far. Methods We propose a new mathematical model to estimate the impact of vaccination delay against the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the number of cases and deaths due to the disease in Brazil. We apply the model to Brazil as a whole and to the State of Sao Paulo, the most affected by COVID-19 in Brazil. We simulated the model for the populations of the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole, varying the scenarios related to vaccine efficacy and compliance from the populations. Results The model projects that, in the absence of vaccination, almost 170 thousand deaths and more than 350 thousand deaths will occur by the end of 2021 for Sao Paulo and Brazil, respectively. If in contrast, Sao Paulo and Brazil had enough vaccine supply and so started a vaccination campaign in January with the maximum vaccination rate, compliance and efficacy, they could have averted more than 112 thousand deaths and 127 thousand deaths, respectively. In addition, for each month of delay the number of deaths increases monotonically in a logarithmic fashion, for both the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole. Conclusions Our model shows that the current delay in the vaccination schedules that is observed in many countries has serious consequences in terms of mortality by the disease and should serve as an alert to health authorities to speed the process up such that the highest number of people to be immunized is reached in the shortest period of time.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic impact on dentists in Latin America’s epicenter: São-Paulo, Brazil

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256092
Author(s):  
Tatiane Fernandes Novaes ◽  
Maisa Camillo Jordão ◽  
Carlos Felipe Bonacina ◽  
André Oswaldo Veronezi ◽  
Carlos Ariel Rodrigues de Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Impact ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The state of São Paulo, Brazil, where more than 94.000 dentists are currently registered, has become the epicenter of COVID-19 in Latin America. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on dentists in this state. A semi-structured questionnaire was sent via e-mail to 93.280 dentists with active registration in the Dental Council of São Paulo (CROSP). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic was assessed through questions related to demographic, socioeconomic, dental practice characteristics and personal protective equipment (PPE) use. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between all the variables (p<0.05). Over 8 days, 2113 responses were received. Only 26.52% of the sample reported a low-income reduction (from 0–10%), while the majority of dentists reported a more negative financial impact, 35.6% with a reduction of more than 50% of their monthly income. Dentists who worked in the private sector and at the capital had a greater financial impact when compared to those of the public sector and countryside of the state (p<0.05). Furthermore, about 83% reported not having received any specific training to control the transmission of coronavirus in the health area. This study provides evidence of the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the routine of dentists in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Hopefully, this study will help dental and other health care professionals to better understand the consequences of disease in dental settings and strengthen preparedness throughout the dental health care system.

scholarly journals The social responsibility and its effects on the Sabesp company’s actuation

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
Regiane Aparecida De Almeida Ferreira ◽  
Paula Meyer Soares Passanezi
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Management Performance ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Basic Sanitation

The increasing level of consumer’s conscientiousness resulting from the larger access to information as well as the development of actions in certain organizations have guided the decisions of consumers during the buying act. This new procedure has conducted some companies to emphasize the effects of certain actions developed by them, such as the social responsibility ones, which aim to reach some specific market share, besides communicating a new entrepreneurial image. The objective of this article is to present the main social actions of Sabesp – Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo (Basic Sanitation Company of the State of São Paulo) and show the results reached by the adoption of a new management performance which generated a change of image in the company actuation. The methodology used was based on a bibliographic research and on a study of case.

scholarly journals The impact of legislation on Covid-19 mortality in a Brazilian federative unit was mediated by social isolation.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredi A Diaz-Quijano ◽  
Tatiane Bomfim Ribeiro ◽  
Alexia Viana da Rosa ◽  
Rossana Reis ◽  
Fernando Aith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Mobile Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
Isolation Index ◽  
Delayed Mortality ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to estimate the effect of restrictive laws on actual social isolation and COVID-19 mortality. Moreover, we evaluated how community adherence, measured with an index of social isolation, would mediate the lockdown effect on COVID-19 mortality. Methods: This ecological study assessed the legislations published until June 30, 2020, in the Brazilian state of Ceara. We performed a systematic review and classification of restrictive norms and estimated their immediate effect on social isolation, measured by an index based on mobile data, and the subsequent impact on COVID-19 mortality (three weeks later). A mediation analysis was performed to estimate the effect of rigid lockdown on mortality that was explained for effective social isolation. Results: The social isolation index showed an increase of 11.9% (95% CI: 2.9% - 21%) during the days in which a rigid isolation norm (lockdown) was implemented. Moreover, this rigid lockdown was associated with a reduction of 26% (95% CI: 21% - 31%) in the three-week-delayed mortality. We also calculated that the rigid lockdown had the indirect effect, i.e., mediated by adherence to social isolation, of reducing COVID-19 mortality by 38.24% (95% CI: 21.64% to 56.07%). Therefore, the preventive effect of this norm was fully explained by the actual population adherence, reflected in the social isolation index. On the other hand, mandatory mask use was associated with 11% reduction in COVID-19 mortality (95% CI: 8% - 13%). Conclusions: We estimated the effect of quarantine regulations on social isolation and evidenced that a rigid lockdown law led to a reduction of COVID-19 mortality in one state of Brazil. In addition, the mandatory masks norm was an additional determinant of the reduction of this outcome.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 298-302
Author(s):  
Francisco Vidal Luna ◽  
Herbert S. Klein
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Leadership Position ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the basic themes discussed in the book and the major conclusions reached which explain the rise of São Paulo to its important leadership position. We stress the importance of coffee, the role of the state in promoting the economy, the impact of immigration and the infrastructure established which enabled the state to become the leading economy in the second half of the 20th century

scholarly journals BRINCADEIRAS INFANTIS NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO: UM ESTUDO DIATÓPICO E LÉXICO-SEMÂNTICO DE DENOMINAÇÕES PARA A “COBRA-CEGA” | CHILDREN ́S AMUSEMENT IN THE STATE OF SÃO PAULO: A DIATOPIC AND LEXICIAN-SEMANTIC STUDY OF DENOMINATIONS FOR COBRA-CEGA

2019 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Beatriz Aparecida Alencar ◽  
Aparecida Negri Isquerdo
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Control Area ◽  
The State ◽  
Title Page ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Do So

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Resumo: </span><span>Este estudo analisa as denominações obtidas para a brincadeira em que uma criança, com os olhos vendados, tenta pegar as outras (COMITÊ NACIONAL DO PROJETO ALiB, 2001, p. 34), área semântica Jogos e Diversões Infantis. O universo da pesquisa compreendeu 188 inquéritos do Projeto ALiB realizados nas 37 localidades paulistas e 10 na área de controle, estas limítrofes à divisa estadual, com informantes selecionados segundo a metodologia do projeto ALiB. Para tanto, utilizaram-se os pressupostos da Dialetologia, da Lexicologia, da Semântica e da Etnolinguística, o que permitiu apurar que a variante cobra-cega foi a mais produtiva neste estudo, seguido por cabra-cega e que suas ocorrências se relacionam às características dos informantes e à história social das localidades em que foram documentadas.</span></p><div class="page" title="Page 2"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Abstract: </span><span>This study analyzes the denominations learned from a play in which a child is blindfolded and </span><span>tries to catch the others (COMITÊ NACIONAL..., 2001, p. 34), Semantic area Games and Children's </span><span>Amusement. The research universe is composed of 188 surveys from the ALiB Project conducted in 37 places of São Paulo and 10 of the control area, bordering the state border, with selected informants according to an ALIB methodology. In order to do so, the assumptions of Dialectic, Lexicology, Semantics and Ethnolinguistics were used, which helped to estabilish </span><span>the “cobra</span><span>-</span><span>cega” variant more productive in this study, followed for “cobra</span><span>-</span><span>cega” and that its occurrences are related to the characteristics of the </span><span>informants and the social history of the places where they were documented. </span></p><p><span>Keywords</span><span>: Diaclectology; ALiB Project; Games </span><span>and children’s amusement</span><span>; Cobra-cega; São Paulo. </span></p></div></div></div><p><span><br /></span></p></div></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Por uma educação minimamente inclusiva: o uso do nome social para travestis e transexuais nas escolas do estado de São Paulo

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Tassio Acosta ◽  
Eduardo Meinberg de Albuquerque Maranhão Filho
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
School Environments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legal Frameworks

Apresenta-se neste artigo algumas considerações a respeito do uso do nome social em ambiente escolar, com especial enfoque no estado de São Paulo. Para tal, realiza-se uma análise de marcos legais referentes ao uso do nome social por travestis e transexuais neste estado, bem como de registros quantitativos de discentes que se identificam a partir destas duas categorias identitárias de gênero. O estudo mostra-se relevante por ser o primeiro a mapear quantitativamente a existência de transexuais e travestis nos bancos escolares entre o período de 2016 a 2019, em todos os níveis de ensino do estado de São Paulo. Conclui-se que há a necessidade de capacitar os funcionários das escolas para melhor reconhecer as especificidades da comunidade transexual e travesti, assim como para possibilitar maiores condições da manutenção de seus direitos civis, evitando a evasão e possibilitando a escolarização desta parcela da sociedade.Palavras-chave: Nome Social. Travestis e Transexuais. Educação Inclusiva.For a minimally inclusive education: the use of the social name for transvestites and transsexuals in the schools of the state of São Paulo  ABSTRACT This article presents some considerations regarding the use of the social name in a school environment, with a special focus on the State of São Paulo. To this end, an analysis is made of legal frameworks regarding the use of the social name by transvestites and transsexuals in this State, as well as quantitative records of students who identify themselves from these two gender identity categories. The study is relevant because for being the first one to quantitatively map the existence of transsexuals and transvestites in school environments, between2016 to 2019, at all levels of education in the State of São Paulo. We conclude that there is a need to train school staff to better recognize the specificities of the transsexual and transvestite community, as well as to enable greater conditions for the maintenance of their civil rights, avoiding evasion and enabling the education of this part of Society.Keywords: Social Name. Transvestites and Transsexuals. Inclusive Education. Para una educación mínimamente inclusiva: el uso del nombre social para travestis y transexuales en escuelas del estado de São PauloResumenEste artículo presenta algunas consideraciones sobre el uso del nombre social en un entorno escolar, con un enfoque especial en el Estado de São Paulo. Con este fin, se realiza un análisis de los marcos legales con respecto al uso del nombre social de travestis y transexuales en este estado, así como los registros cuantitativos de los estudiantes que se identifican a partir de estas dos categorías de identidad de género. Su importancia se debe a que es el primer estudio que mapea cuantitativamente la existencia de transexuales y travestis en bancos escolares, entre el período de 2016 a 2019, en todos los niveles de educación en el Estado de São Paulo. Concluimos que existe la necesidad de capacitar al personal de la escuela para reconocer mejor los detalles de la comunidad transexual y travesti, así como para permitir mayores condiciones para el mantenimiento de sus derechos civiles, evitando la evasión y permitiendo la educación de esta parte de la sociedad.Palabras clave: Nombre Social. Travestis y Transexuales. Educación Inclusiva.

scholarly journals Social distancing in São Paulo State: demonstrating the reduction in cases using time series analysis of deaths due to COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique de Brito Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Isolation Index ◽  
São Paulo State

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Demonstrating the results of Social Distancing Strategies (SDS) became a relevant factor to obtain support by the population in São Paulo State and in Brazil. The delay in the processing of PCR tests and the small number of tests available limits the ability of sanitary authorities to make meaningful data available as to the number of cases or the number of deaths due to COVID-19. Methodology: We use a time series analysis of deaths due to COVID-19 referenced to the date of deaths (as opposed to the date in which the test results were obtained). Results: We demonstrate that the SDS adopted in São Paulo City and State clearly brought meaningful results to delay the growth of COVID-19 cases. We also show that by using this type of time series it is possible to identify different trends for regions, allowing for targeted approaches. Additionally, by using a time series which is death-oriented makes it possible to identify, for São Paulo City, the effects of the SDS with the Social Isolation Index (SII) adopted in the state and to make a gross estimate for the SII, which prevents the growth of the disease. Conclusion: The use of a time series of deaths due to COVID-19 referenced to the date of the event allows a better understanding of the effects of the SDS on the progression of the COVID-19 epidemic in São Paulo State, Brazil.

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