Hospitalizations for intracranial trauma in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, a clinicalepidemiological analysis

Background: Intracranial trauma (IT) is an injury inside of the cranial box resulting from external forces, usually caused by automotive accidents, falls and violence, sometimes leading to permanent damage or death. Objectives: Describe hospital admissions for IT in the metropolitan region of São Paulo (SP), based on ICD-10 morbidity list. Design and settings: Epidemiological, descriptive and retrospective study. Methods: Data provided from the Hospital Morbidity System (SIH-SUS) of the Ministry of Health, from January 2015 to December 2020. Results: There were 65.455 cases of hospitalizations by IT registered in the metropolitan region of SP, which surpassed the cases of the North and Midwest regions. In 2020, there was a 5% reduction in cases compared to 2019. The amount spent represented 10.5% of the total spent in Brazil. Most of the hospitalization patients were male, and the most affected age group was 40- 49 years. The lethality was 11.05% and higher in patients over 80 years-old. Conclusions: It is essential to control IT’s causing factors, since it engenders high costs, and it is a serious problem for the public health and economy, and for the victim’s psychosocial context. The metropolitan region of SP requires special attention, once it shows higher rates of hospitalizations, morbidity, and mortality than any other brazilian state. Despite the social isolation in 2020, there were no significant differences between this year’s records comparing to the other ones.

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Spatial Microsimulation Combined with Skater Regionalization Methods: A Study for the Paraíba Valley and North Coast Metropolitan Region Subregion 4 in the São Paulo State

Revista Brasileira de Cartografia ◽

10.14393/rbcv72n4-53160 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 713-726

Author(s):

Gabriela Carvalho de Oliveira ◽

Tathiane Mayumi Anazawa ◽

Antonio Miguel Vieira Monteiro

Keyword(s):

Sao Paulo ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

North Coast ◽

São Paulo ◽

Iterative Proportional Fitting ◽

Socioeconomic Groups ◽

Paulo State ◽

The Social ◽

Spatial Microsimulation ◽

São Paulo State

This study analyzes the socio-occupational distribution in the Paraíba Valley and North Coast Metropolitan Region (in Portuguese: Região Metropolitana do Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte – RMVPLN) Subregion 4 using spatial microsimulation techniques. To fulfill the proposed objective, the Iterative Proportional Fitting (IPF) technique was used to obtain spatial microdata in the territorial census tracts unit through the 2010 Brazilian Demographic Census. After the Skater regionalization technique was applied, eight homogeneous socio-occupational groups were found. Overall, the proposed socio-occupational categories, studied at an intra-urban scale, allowed for highlighting the social structure on a subregion of the newest Metropolitan space in the São Paulo state. Although this is a preliminary study, it is already capable to identify inequalities degrees that consistently spatially segregate and the less privileged population socioeconomic groups.

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Mapping and Territorial Risk Analysis of Hospital Admissions due to Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children (Brazil)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-28321/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Juliana Coelho Pina ◽

Luana Seles Alves ◽

Maria Cândida de Carvalho Furtado ◽

Ricardo Arcêncio Arcêncio ◽

Ellen Cristina Gondim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Density Estimator ◽

São Paulo ◽

Census Tracts ◽

The Social ◽

The City

Abstract Background The concentration of child morbidity and mortality due to pneumonia in developing countries reflects the social inequities, which lead to greater exposure to risk factors and make access to prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the disease more difficult. This study aimed to map and assess the territorial risk for hospitalization due to Community-Acquired Pneumonia in children under 5 years of age. Methods Ecological study, carried out in the city of Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The study population consisted of hospitalized children under the age of five, diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia, in Ribeirão Preto-São Paulo-Brazil, from 2012 to 2013. Data were collected in different databases, by a trained team, between March 2012 and August 2013 and from the 2010 Demographic Census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The 956 urban census tracts were considered as the units of analysis. Descriptive statistics were performed for the sociodemographic characteristics, with the calculation of measures of absolute frequency and proportions for the categorical variables, using the Statistica software (12.0). The incidence of cases per 10,000 inhabitants was calculated by census tracts during the study period. For the identification of the spatial risk clusters, the Kernel density estimator and the Getis-Ord Gi* technique were measured from the Radius of the distance of 7,589 km, with p < .01, found using the Incremental Spatial Autocorrelation tool. Results The study included 265 children under the age of five, hospitalized due to community-acquired pneumonia. A concentration of cases was identified in the regions with greater social vulnerability (low income, poor housing conditions and homelessness), as well as a lower occurrence of cases in the most developed and economically privileged area of the city. The majority of the children lived in territories served by traditional primary healthcare units, in which the health surveillance and family and community focus are limited. Conclusions The results contribute to the comprehension of the social factors involved in child hospitalization due to pneumonia, based on the analysis of the spatial distribution, and address the interface with individual and institutional factors.

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Tradutor e Intérprete da Língua Brasileira de Sinais: Caracterização do Perfil Solicitado em Processos Seletivos no Estado de São Paulo

Revista de Ensino Educação e Ciências Humanas ◽

10.17921/2447-8733.2017v18n4p445-450 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 445 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cássia Sígolo ◽

Kate Mamhy Oliveira Kumada

Keyword(s):

Sign Language ◽

Deaf Education ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

São Paulo ◽

Deaf Students ◽

The Public ◽

The Social ◽

Job Openings ◽

Brazilian Sign Language ◽

Teaching Learning

Conforme prevê o Decreto nº 5.626/2005, o profissional Tradutor e Intérprete de Língua de Sinais (TILS) (Libras/Português) deve ter o conhecimento e a proficiência em situações em que seja necessária a tradução envolvendo a Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras) e a Língua Portuguesa, apresentando as habilidades e as competências necessárias aos processos de tradução entre as duas línguas, considerando as especificidades linguísticas e culturais do surdo. Partindo desse pressuposto, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar a formação e requisitos solicitados em concursos públicos para o cargo de TILS no Estado de São Paulo na última década, fazendo um paralelo entre as legislações que subsidiam o aluno com surdez, sobretudo aquelas que regulamentam a profissão de TILS. Pôde-se observar que a procura pelo TILS no mercado de trabalho se amplia a cada dia, em consequência do acesso dos surdos a diversos espaços do meio social, sobretudo, nos contextos escolares e acadêmicos. Sobre a formação e atribuições solicitadas para a vaga de TILS predominou na maioria dos editais a exigência pela certificação feita pelo PROLIBRAS (somada ou não à formação em nível superior), em consonância com as exigências legais. Cabe destacar, ainda, que grande parte dos editais não solicitou conhecimentos mínimos sobre técnicas de interpretação, o que pode prejudicar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos alunos surdos que perpassa pela mediação do TILS no espaço educacional. Desse modo, foi evidenciada ausência de diretrizes nas atribuições e na formação solicitadas para a atuação do TILS, o que compromete diretamente a qualidade e êxito da educação dos surdos.Palavras-chave: Língua Brasileira de Sinais. Educação de Surdos. Formação. Tradutor e Intérprete.AbstractAs provided in Decree 5.626/2005, the professional Sign Language Translator and Interpreter (TILS) (Libras - Brazilian Sign Language /Portuguese) should have the knowledge and proficiency in situations where the translation is necessary involving Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) and Portuguese, presenting the necessary skills and abilities for the translation process between the two languages, considering the linguistic and cultural specificities of the deaf. Based on this assumption, the aim of this study was to analyze the formation and requirements requested in public exams for the position of TILS in the state of São Paulo in the last decade, making a parallel between the laws that support the student with hearing loss, especially those regulating the profession of TILS. It was observed that the demand for TILS in the job market expands every day as a result of the access of the deaf people to various areas of the social environment, especially in school and academic contexts. On the formation and functions required for TILS job openings, prevailed in most of the public notices the requirement for certification by PROLIBRAS (added or not to higher education degree), in accordance with legal requirements. It is also worth observing that much of the notices did not request minimum knowledge of interpretation techniques, which could affect the teaching- learning process of deaf students going through the mediation of TILS in the educational space. Thus, it was evidenced the absence of guidelines on assignments and required degrees for the TILS performance, which directly affects the quality and success of deaf education.Keywords: Brazilian Sign Language. Deaf Education. Graduation. Translator and Interpreter.

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Reduction in prostate cancer hospitalizations in the COVID-19 pandemic epicenter of Latin America.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e18814 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e18814-e18814

Author(s):

Isabella Batista Martins Portugal ◽

Fernando Adami ◽

Jean Henri Schoueri ◽

Leandro Fórnias Machado Rezende ◽

Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

São Paulo ◽

Outbreak Period ◽

Icd 10 ◽

The Impact ◽

The City ◽

Male Genital

e18814 Background: The novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disrupted health care systems worldwide since December 2019 causing atypical pneumonia and affecting multiple body organs. In Latin America, COVID-19 had its first case in the megacity of São Paulo, Brazil, thus being the starting point and epicenter of this disease. In this context, prostate cancer (PC) is the most common non-skin cancer among men and its preventive healthcare is substantial to public health surveillance. Additionally, PC raises particular interest during COVID-19 outbreak as PC androgen-deprivation therapies have shown to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 infection, which suggests an association between SARS-CoV-2 and PC cells. Thus, the consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak on male genital cancers care remain inconclusive and will probably be felt for decades. This study aimed to determine the impact of pandemic on the incidence of hospital admissions (HA) due to malignant neoplasms of male genital organs in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of the HAs due to malignant neoplasms of male genital organs in the city of São Paulo comparing the outbreak period (January-June 2020) and a pre-pandemic corresponding period of the years 2017-2019. Data were obtained from the Brazilian Unified Health System - Hospital Information System database according to the chapter II of the International Classification of Diseases - 10th revision (ICD-10). Linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between the incidence of HAs and time (months). Results: A significant reduction in HAs due to malignant neoplasms of male genital organs was observed in PC, but not other malignant neoplasms of male genital organs during the outbreak period (January-June 2020). PC (-19, CI -36 to -1) showed to be remarkably affected while other male genital cancers (-1, CI -5 to 3) did not (Table). Conclusions: Our findings seem to be associated to delayed oncological care delivery to PC during the lockdown and health system disruption. Further studies are required to evaluate the impact of the ongoing pandemic in malignant neoplasm of male genital organs, particularly PC, in order to strategically corroborate public health actions for implications of COVID-19 pandemic. Linear regression of hospital admissions for the years 2017-2020 (January until June) due to malignant neoplasms of male genital organs (chapter II of the ICD-10). Municipality of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.[Table: see text]

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Pharmaceutical market, environmental public policies and water quality: the case of the São Paulo Metropolitan Region, Brazil

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/0102-311x00192319 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Rafaela Barbosa de Andrade Aragão ◽

Décio Semensatto ◽

Leandro Augusto Calixto ◽

Geórgia Labuto

Keyword(s):

Public Policies ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Pharmaceutical Products ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

São Paulo ◽

Logistics System ◽

The Public ◽

Consumer Orientation ◽

Unit Dose

Abstract: Water pollution has been an increasing concern for the authorities responsible for planning and executing public policies. In this qualitative research, we have discussed the most sold pharmaceuticals in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region, Brazil, and compared public policies focused on pharmaceuticals and environmental issues among countries/regions. For that, data provided by Close-Up International related to the sales of medicines in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region between April/2016 and April/2017 were collected and processed to identify and quantify the pharmaceutical products. The 300 most sold medicines in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region fall in 26 therapeutic classes, which include 159 drugs. The most sold pharmaceutical products group is nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) representing approximately 44.3% of the total. The ten most sold pharmaceuticals sum up 1200 tons. Dipyrone is the first place in mass representing around 488 tons, followed by metformin with around 310 tons commercialized. Public policies focused on pharmaceuticals in the environment still need adjustments to improve reinforcement, even in developed countries. There is no international standard on how to conduct the issue, each country adopting the public policy that best matches to the local. Brazil, despite having some legislation that approaches the theme, still lacks effective public policies and stakeholder awareness. In this aspect, the need for improvement of the reverse logistics system, consumer orientation to the adequate disposal of unused/expired medicines, and the adoption of the unit-dose system as a therapeutic strategy is evident.

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Financiamento da Educação: Gestão Democrática dos Recursos Financeiros Públicos em Educação

Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos ◽

10.24109/2176-6681.rbep.72i172.1278 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (172) ◽

Author(s):

José Melchior

Keyword(s):

Social Control ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Educational Process ◽

Point Of View ◽

Financial Resources ◽

São Paulo ◽

Public Power ◽

The Public ◽

The Social ◽

Public Resources

Aborda a gestão democrática dos recursos públicos no Brasil, sob a perspectiva do processo administrativo, envolvendo o planejamento, a execução e o controle social dos recursos financeiros públicos. Pretende ainda ampliar a concepção de que a gestão democrática se dá pela via exclusiva da participação dos interessados nos órgãos decisórios. São enfocadas alternativas que podem levar qualquer cidadão a participar desse processo em educação e, por extensão, nos demais setores de atividades exercidas pelo poder público, fornecendo instrumentos para uma intervenção na receita e na despesa do setor público encarregado de gerir os recursos financeiros alocados para a educação. O trabalho divide-se em cinco partes: 1) a experiência no Estado de São Paulo; 2) a sistemática do planejamento público; 3) a sistemática da execução orçamentária; 4) o controle social dos recursos financeiros públicos e 5) as conclusões. Abstract This study approacches the administration of public resources in Brazil, from the point of view of the administrative process, comprising planning, accomplishment and the social control of the financial public resources. It aims also at extending the concept of democratic management through participation of the concerned in the decision-making institutions. It focus some alternatives to enable any citizen to participate in the educational process and, similarly, in other activities sectors performed by the Public Power, providing instruments for interventions in budgetary issues (revenue and expenses) from institutions linked to management of financial resources of the education sector. The paper has been organized in five parts: 1) the experience in São Paulo state; 2) the public planning systematic; 3) the budgetary performance systematic; 4) social control of public financial resources; 5) conclusions. Résumé Cet article discute la gestion démocratique des ressources publiques au Brésil, sous la perspective du procés administratif, comprenant la planification, l'exécution et le controle social des ressources financières publiques. Il prétend aussi grandir la conception selon laquelle Ia gestion démocratique est possible par la voie exclusive de la participation des intéressés dans les organismes de décision. On présent des alternatives qui peuvent conduire un citoyen quelconque à participer de ce procés en éducation, et par extension, aux autres domaines d'activités pratiquées par le pouvoir public, donnant desoutils pour une intervention à la receite et aux frais du secteur public chargé d'administrer les ressources financières destinées à 1'éducation. Le travail est divisé en cinq parties: 1) 1'expèrience à l'Etat de São Paulo; 2) Ia systématique de Ia planification publique; 3) la systématique de l'exécution budgétaire; 4) le contrôle social des ressources financières publiques et 5) conclusiones. Resumen Aborda la gestión democrática de los recursos públicos en el Brasil, bajo Ia perspectiva del proceso administrativo, incluye la Planificación, la ejecución y el control social de los recursos financieros públicos. Pretende aún ampliair Ia Concepción de que la gestión democrática se da por Ia via exclusiva de la participación de los interresados en los órganos de decisión. Son enfocadas alternativas que pueden llevar a cualquier ciudadano a participar de ese proceso de educación y, por extensión, en los demás sectores de actividades ejercidas por el poder público, proporcionando instrumentos para una intervención en el haber y en el gasto del sector público encargado de administrar los recursos financieros designados para educación. El trabajo se divide en cinco partes: 1) Ia experiencia en Estado de são Paulo: 2) la sistemática de Ia Planificación pública: 3) Ia sistemática de la ejecución presupuestaria; 4) el control social de los recursos financieros públicos y 5) Ias conclusiones.

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Water Supply Basins of São Paulo Metropolitan Region: Hydro-Climatic Characteristics of the 2013–2015 Water Crisis

Water ◽

10.3390/w10111517 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1517 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marianne Milano ◽

Emmanuel Reynard ◽

Graziele Muniz-Miranda ◽

Joana Guerrin

Keyword(s):

Rain Gauge ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

Water Crisis ◽

São Paulo ◽

Austral Spring ◽

The North ◽

Climatic Anthropogenic ◽

Climatic Characteristics ◽

Precipitation Events

São Paulo metropolitan region experienced an acute water crisis between 2013 and 2015. According to the Brazilian and international press, it was due to climatic, anthropogenic, and water management factors. This paper assesses the hydro-climatic characteristics of the crisis by focusing on the Alto-Tietê basin and the headwater of the Piracicaba-Capivari-Jundiaí (PCJ) basin that supply 70% of the water consumed in the metropolis. Based on 16 rain-gauge stations, 5 runoff-gauge stations, and several statistical analyses carried over the 1951–2015 period, this assessment shows that the 2013–2015 hydro-climatic crisis resulted from a large number of days without rain in the north of the Alto-Tietê basin and to less intense precipitation events in the headwaters of the PCJ basin during the austral spring 2013 and the year 2014. It also defines a return period of 98 years for observed river flows in 2014. Despite the rare nature of this hydrological drought, the need for efficient water saving policies is brought forward.

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Prevalence and costs of headaches for the public health system in a town in the interior of the state of São Paulo

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x2001000400005 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 59 (3A) ◽

pp. 504-511 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Marcelo E. Bigal ◽

Janaína O.M. Bigal ◽

Carlos A. Bordini ◽

José G. Speciali

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health System ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Public Health System ◽

Well Being ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

São Paulo ◽

The Public

Despite the high prevalence, impact and economic importance of headaches, studies on this subject are rare in Brazil. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of headaches in the public health system of a town in the interior of the State of São Paulo, as well as to estimate the costs resulting from its management. Data refer to the year of 1998 and were obtained according to the following steps: 1) territorial and demographic characterization of the municipality; 2) characterization of the financial indices and social well-being; 3) budget characteristics of the municipality; 4) evaluation of the structuring of the medical service; 5) determination of the prevalence of headaches at different patient care levels; and 6) calculation of the costs of headaches. Headaches represented 7.9% of all visits at basic health units, 9.7% in the emergency room and 1.1% of hospital admissions. The total costs were R$ 85,131.31 (US$ 70,942.76) corresponding to R$ 7.59 (US$ 6,32) per inhabitant/year. The present study shows the need for epidemiological and economic impact studies, which would provide the basis for the rational use of health funds.

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The influence of social isolation on the incidence of positivity in covid-19 tests in a metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil

Journal of Human Growth and Development ◽

10.36311/jhgd.v31.12656 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 476-483

Author(s):

Alexandre José Natário ◽

Glaucia Luciano da Veiga ◽

Vagner Loduca Lima ◽

Thaís Gascón ◽

José Claudio dos Santos Pinheiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Isolation ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Clinical Analysis ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

São Paulo ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Serological Tests ◽

The Social ◽

Analysis Laboratory

Introduction: With the arrival of the SARS-CoV-2 (Coronavirus 2 of severe acute respiratory syndrome) pandemic in Brazil, especially in the city of São Paulo, there was a need to apply social isolation policies associated with testing, covering all municipalities. The Clinical Analysis Laboratory of Centro Universitário FMABC was one of the first laboratories to receive certification and qualification to perform RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase reaction followed by polymerase chain reaction) tests in the metropolitan region of São Paulo. Objective: Aim to analyze the influence of adopting social isolation on the incidence of positivity in COVID-19 tests in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: a descriptive study carried out from March to May 2020, epidemiological data were collected from each unit served and organized by the data controllership team of the Clinical Analysis Laboratory of FMABC. Epidemiological, demographic, and laboratory data were extracted from the Matrix® outpatient data management system. Clinically suspected cases and confirmed by laboratory tests (RT-PCR and serological tests) were entered. The tests were divided into serological tests using the RT-PCR molecular test, on samples of nasopharyngeal mucosal scrapings collected with sterile Swab. Results: It were evaluated PCR test and antibody presence (IgA, IgM and IgG) in blood samples of 16.297 patients. 22.718 tests were performed for the diagnosis of COVID-19, both RT-PCR (10.410 tests) and serological tests to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, IgA, IgM and IgG, a total of 16.297 patients were assessed, 63% women and 37% men. It was observed that the social isolation policies adopted during this period contained the massive expansion of contamination, at least while the social isolation rates were above 55%. Conclusion: The data of this study demonstrated the effectiveness of social isolation in containing the positive contamination of SARS-CoV-2 in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, at least for the first three months.

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