scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AROUSAL ZONE, ANXIETY, STRESS AND SPORTS PERFORMANCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Kata Németh ◽  
László Balogh
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Mental Preparation ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
Testing And Measurement ◽  
Complex Models ◽  
Mental Preparedness ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Physical Skills ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed to examine the relationship between optimal functioning zone, anxiety, stress, and athletic performance. We conducted a systematic review of the available scientific articles and publications. Related literature was analyzed, relevant, or helpful in understanding the psychological aspects of athletic performance. It discusses the method and validity of hypotheses and approaches that have already appeared scientifically. We examined multidimensional approaches, which discuss the suitability and implications of some recent and more complex models of stress and performance. We may conclude that the relationship between stress and athletic performance is multidimensional. We also examined several factors, such as the interaction between the nature of the stressor, the cognitive needs of the task, and the individuals' psychological characteristics. Both physical and mental preparation is critical to successful sports performance. This way, the level of physical skills, mental preparedness significantly determine overall athletic performance. The article aims to provide a historical overview of the implementation, testing, and measurement of IZOF and other applied models.

Strength Training for Athletes: Does It Really Help Sports Performance?

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. McGuigan ◽  
Glenn A. Wright ◽  
Steven J. Fleck
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Training Research ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The use of strength training designed to increase underlying strength and power qualities in elite athletes in an attempt to improve athletic performance is commonplace. Although the extent to which strength and power are important to sports performance may vary depending on the activity, the associations between these qualities and performance have been well documented in the literature. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief overview of strength training research to determine if it really helps improve athletic performance. While there is a need for more research with elite athletes to investigate the relationship between strength training and athletic performance, there is sufficient evidence for strength training programs to continue to be an integral part of athletic preparation in team sports.

Perceived employability and performance: moderation by felt job insecurity

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nele De Cuyper ◽  
Coralia Sulea ◽  
Kristien Philippaers ◽  
Gabriel Fischmann ◽  
Dragos Iliescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Job Insecurity ◽  
High Achievers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceived Employability ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
Helping Behaviour ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Counterproductive Work Behaviour ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship perceived employability (the employee's perception about available job opportunities in the external labour market) and performance, accounting for felt job insecurity. Performance is conceptualized broadly in terms of optimal functioning (i.e. in-role performance and helping behaviour) and malfunctioning (i.e. organizational and interpersonal counterproductive work behaviour). Design/methodology/approach – Survey data were collected among 433 Romanian workers. Findings – The authors hypothesize and demonstrate that perceived employability relates positively to optimal functioning, but less so when workers feel insecure: highly employable workers may be high achievers, but withdraw from the organization when they feel insecure. Furthermore, the authors hypothesize that perceived employability relates positively to malfunctioning, the more so when workers feel insecure. Highly employable workers may care less about organizational norms, particularly when they see reasons to violate these norms: felt job insecurity may be such a reason. However, the interaction between perceived employability and felt job insecurity was not significantly related to malfunctioning. Instead, the authors established a main effect of perceived employability on both organizational and interpersonal counterproductive work behaviour. Originality/value – The paper concludes that perceived employability contributes to optimal functioning when workers feel secure, but it may also bring along some costs in the form of malfunctioning.

scholarly journals Assessment of a Novel Bioflavonoids and Phytonutrient Formulation in Enhancing Cellular Aerobic Glycolysis, Immunity, Sports Performance, and Mitigating Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Bernard W Downs ◽  
Samudra P. Banik ◽  
Manashi Bagchi ◽  
Bruce S. Morrison ◽  
Matt Piacentino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Athletic Competence ◽  
Degenerative Disorders ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Research

Metabolic competence in conjunction with well-balanced nutritional support is extremely important for normal biochemical and physiological functions, as well as for enhanced athletic performance. Research-affirmed nutraceuticals enriched in structurally diverse phytonutrients including bioflavonoids may help to boost athletic, functional, and biophysiological competence. Occurrence of chronic degenerative disorders is associated with an increase in anaerobic events, namely, the inability to effectively use oxygen and water, and inability to use nutrients for cellular energy production and management, metabolic homeostasis, and waste removal. Earlier clinical studies in our laboratories using the WADA compliant bioflavonoid-enriched Prodosomed VMP35 Multinutrient Complex (“Prodovite®”) demonstrated that it boosted aerobic metabolic competence and provided protection against diverse chronic degenerative anaerobic disorders. We hypothesized that Prodosomed VMP35 may serve as a novel supplement to boost athletic performance. The objective of the study was to conduct selected focused pilot studies to demonstrate the efficacy of a WADA compliant Prodosomed VMP35 to improve athletic competence and performance in a variety of sports activities. The efficacy of VMP35 was assessed in different models of sports performance/athletic competence including power lifting, resistance training, cycling, and selected case studies. VMP35 supplementation restored aerobic metabolic events, minimized oxidative stress, and improved athletic performance, recovery, and immune competence. These pilot clinical studies demonstrate that iron-free VMP35 restores aerobic metabolism by restoring iron-dependent hemoglobin to red blood cells, bolstering neutrophils in the blood (immune support), and significantly improving performance output in a diverse range of athletic activities.

scholarly journals Influence of Imagery Training on Adjusting the Pressure of Fin Swimmers, Improving Sports Performance and Stabilizing Psychological Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11767
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Hsien Lin ◽  
Tzu-Yun Lin ◽  
Ying Ling ◽  
Chih-Cheng Lo
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Imagery Ability ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Imagery Training ◽  
Negative Thoughts ◽  
Competition Process ◽  
And Performance

This study analyzed the effects of imagery training on athletes’ imagery ability, physical anxiety and athletic performance. This study employed a mixed research approach. Snowball sampling was used to select 55 fin swimmers with imagery training experience and formal competition participation. Basic statistics were obtained, and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC) analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0, and the results were compared with the opinions of three experts and were tested using multivariate validation methods. The results revealed that although imagery training can help athletes improve their performance and significantly reduce their anxiety during the competition, athletes can still make mistakes due to internal and environmental factors and even have negative thoughts that lead to their reduced likelihood of competition participation. By strengthening strategic and technical imagery training, we can help our fin swimmers perform at a higher level, achieve their goals, and improve overall satisfaction with their competition process and performance.

scholarly journals Positive Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching on Sports Performance: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Fatih Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
New Research

The role of flexibility on athletic performance is going on to be studied both acutely and how it affects the performance in the long-term. It is important to understand the effects of various stretching types and define the most appropriate form in order to maximize the human movement and performance. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching techniques are commonly used at athletic and clinic settings with the aim of optimizing motor performance and rehabilitation in order to increase range of motion. Yet, new research results put forth that the relation between performance and stretching is not as its thought and come up to this belief with suspicion. The aim of this review is to focus on the positive effects of PNF stretching on performance and to provide the reader with the latest researches on athletic performance. The researches reveal that PNF stretching can increase athletic performance in the long-term. Besides, it is more possible to obtain and maintain the benefits of PNF techniques if they are performed accurately and consistently.

Precompetitive Mood States and Performance of Elite Male Golfers: Do Trait Characteristics Make a Difference?

1998 ◽  
Vol 86 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1443-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hassmén ◽  
Nathalie Koivula ◽  
Torsten Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
National Team ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Anxiety Test ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Sport Competition ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between preperformance mood, measured by the Profile of Mood States inventory, and subsequent athletic performance has been the focus of considerable research. Presumably, athletes with less positive mood profiles should be outperformed by those with more favorable profiles. The results presented so far in the literature are equivocal. One possible explanation is that more stable trait characteristics might mediate mood states prior to competitive situations. In the present study, 8 male golf players, all members of the Swedish National Team, completed a number of trait inventories (Eysenck's Personality Inventory, Locus of Control, Sport Competition Anxiety Test, Self-consciousness Scale) prior to the competitive season. Subsequently, they completed the Profile of Mood States before each game played. Analysis showed that the players' preperformance mood states differed significantly and that these differences were associated with their scores on the trait inventories. Furthermore, preperformance mood states were significantly related to athletic performance for some individuals but not for others. Further research should also include trait measurements to understand better the relationship between mood states and the athletic performance of individual athletes.

scholarly journals Factors associated with lumbo-pelvic pain in recreational cyclists

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
M Rodseth ◽  
A Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Pain ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Overuse injuries in cyclists are as high as 85%, with lower back and pelvis pain (LBPP) being common. The lower back and pelvis are pivotal to powering and controlling the bicycle and essential for optimal functioning, comfort and performance. Cyclists spend long, continuous hours in sustained forward flexion, which is regarded as a main contributor to LBPP. Cyclists with LBPP assume greater lumbar flexion but the reason has not yet been established. Objectives: To identify intrinsic and bicycle set-up factors associated with lumbo-pelvic pain in cyclists. Methods: This study was cross-sectional and descriptive. One hundred and twenty-one cyclists in Gauteng, South Africa, participated in this study. The factors proposed to be associated with LBPP were determined to be namely: lumbar curvature on the bicycle in all three handlebar positions, strength of the gluteus maximus (Gmax) and medius (Gmed), extensibility of the hamstrings, control of lumbar movement in the direction of flexion, neurodynamics, active straight leg raise, one leg stance test for lateral pelvic shift, leg length discrepancy and bicycle set-up (saddle height, set-back and angle, handlebar height, forward reach, cleat position). Results: Only the lumbar curvature in the brake lever position (p=0.03) and weakness of the Gmed (p=0.05) were related to LBPP in cyclists. Conclusion: This study was the first to assess the relationship between the multiple factors described above and LBPP in cyclists. Understanding the relationship between increased lumber flexion in the brake lever position and the weakness of the Gmed and LBPP may lead to the development of strategies to reduce LBPP occurrence.

Game Location Moderates the Relationship Between Anticipatory Testosterone Changes and Athletic Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan K. Putnam ◽  
Justin M. Carré
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Athletic Competition ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Home Game

The authors examined the extent to which changes in testosterone concentrations before competition would be associated with performance among elite male hockey players. Saliva samples were collected on 2 noncompetition days (baseline) and before 2 playoff games (1 home game, 1 away game). Individual performance was assessed by the coaching staff after each game. Results indicated that changes in testosterone before competition predicted performance, but this effect was influenced by game location. Unexpectedly, the authors found a significant negative relationship between a rise in testosterone and performance for the away game and a nonsignificant positive relationship for the home game. These findings indicate that game location should be considered in studies examining the neuroendocrine correlates of athletic competition.

The Relationship between the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 and Sport Performance: A Meta-Analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynette L. Craft ◽  
T. Michelle Magyar ◽  
Betsy J. Becker ◽  
Deborah L. Feltz
Keyword(s):  
Performance Studies ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Somatic Anxiety ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The multidimensional approach to the study of anxiety (Martens, Vealey, & Burton, 1990a) considers subcomponents of anxiety, specifically cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence. Much of the research based on this theory has utilized the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2) (Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, & Smith, 1990b). Findings have been inconsistent, with some research suggesting that the three subcomponents have separate relationships with performance and other studies failing to find any relationship between the anxiety subcomponents and performance. This meta-analysis examined the effect of state anxiety as measured by the CSAI-2 (i.e., cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence) on athletic performance. Studies were coded for characteristics that could potentially moderate the effects of anxiety on performance (i.e., features of design, subjects, sport). Interdependency between the three subscales was examined using multivariate meta-analytic techniques (Becker & Schram, 1994). Relationships among cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, self-confidence, and performance appeared weak. Exploratory modeling showed that self-confidence displayed the strongest and most consistent relationship with performance.

Some Psychological Determinants of Curling Performance

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1115-1127
Author(s):  
Vera Pezer ◽  
Marvin Brown
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Psychological Determinants ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Considerable Support

A model that skill, personality and motivation interact to determine athletic performance was tested. Each component is assumed to possess arousal properties and to contribute to total arousal. A curvilinear relationship between total arousal and performance was predicted. Women curlers representing combinations of skill and Will to Win were observed during actual curling games. Combinations of the independent variables were placed along a continuum of assumed total arousal. In Study I for 83 curlers was evidence of a curvilinear relationship but only when simple and complex shots were combined. The most skilled curlers performed better as did those high in Will to Win. Then Study II considered shot complexity in more detail and included curlers' ratings of the arousal properties of different game circumstances. 60 curlers were scored on simple and complex shots under high and low game arousal. The predicted curvilinear relationship was found for simple shots but not complex shots. Increased arousal led to improved performance on simple shots and a decrement for complex shots. The studies provided considerable support for the model, though the relationship between arousal and athletic performance is not as simple as the Yerkes-Dodson Law suggests. Further work is needed to assess the arousal value of the model's components and to define shot complexity better.

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