Ansiedade pré-competitiva e desempenho em jovens atletas de ginástica rítmica: um estudo de caso

INTRODUÇÃO: A ginástica rítmica é caracterizada pela participação precoce das atletas em treinamento e competição. Essa participação pode causar altos níveis de ansiedade, podendo impactar negativamente no desempenho esportivo.OBJETIVO: Verificar as respostas de ansiedade pré-competitiva e de desempenho em atletas da ginástica rítmica. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 2 atletas de ginástica rítmica, com idade de 11 e 12 anos, nos aparelhos individuais de maças e corda, durante uma competição simulada e uma competição oficial. A ansiedade pré-competitiva foi avaliada pelo questionário CSAI-2R e o desempenho foi avaliado pela percepção da atleta e o score da arbitragem para cada apresentação.RESULTADOS: Os dados descritivos sugerem que na competição oficial, as atletas apresentaram maiores valores de ansiedade somática e cognitiva; seguido de uma maior percepção de desempenho. Para a pontuação da arbitragem, as atletas apresentaram maiores valores para o aparelho maças e menores valores no aparelho corda na competição oficial quando comparado a competição simulada.CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que, a ansiedade pré-competitiva tende a ser maior em situações mais estressantes (competição oficial vs. simulada), porém esse comportamento parece não influenciar negativamente o desempenho das ginastas nas apresentações individuais.ABSTRACT. Precompetitive anxiety and performance in young rhythmic gymnastics athletes: a case study.BACKGROUND: Rhythmic gymnastics is characterized by an athlete’s early participation in training and competition. This participation can cause high levels of anxiety and may impact negatively on sports performance.OBJECTIVE: To verify the precompetitive anxiety and performance responses in rhythmic gymnastics athletes.METHODS: Two rhythmic gymnastics athletes, aged 11 and 12 years old, were evaluated in individual clubs and rope apparatus, during a simulated and official competition. Precompetitive anxiety was assessed by CSAI-2R questionnaire, and performance was assessed by the athlete´s perception and jury score for each presentation. RESULTS: The descriptive data suggest that in the official competition, the athletes presented higher values of somatic and cognitive anxiety, followed by a greater perception of performance. For the jury score, the athletes presented higher values in clubs and lower values in the rope apparatus during the official competition than the simulated competition.CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that precompetitive anxiety tends to be higher in more stressful conditions (official vs. simulated competition), but this behavior does not seem to influence the performance of gymnasts in individual presentations negatively.

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Do Anxious Swimmers Swim Slower? Reexamining the Elusive Anxiety-Performance Relationship

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsep.10.1.45 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 45-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 124

Author(s):

Damon Burton

Keyword(s):

Low Complexity ◽

Performance Measure ◽

Somatic Anxiety ◽

Self Confidence ◽

Cognitive Anxiety ◽

Long Duration ◽

Two Samples ◽

And Performance ◽

Moderate Complexity ◽

The Relationship

The purpose of this investigation was to utilize a multidimensional measure of anxiety and a more sensitive intraindividual performance measure to evaluate the relationship between anxiety and performance. Three hypotheses were tested. First, cognitive anxiety is more consistently and strongly related to performance than is somatic anxiety. Second, somatic anxiety demonstrates an inverted-U relationship with performance, whereas self-confidence and performance exhibit a positive linear relationship and cognitive anxiety and performance exhibit a negative one. Finally, short duration and high and low complexity events demonstrate stronger relationships between somatic anxiety and performance than do long duration or moderate complexity events. Two samples of swimmers completed the CSAI-2 prior to competition, and performance data were obtained from meet results. Correlational and multiple regression analyses generally supported Hypotheses 1 and 3, while polynomial trend analyses on standardized CSAI-2 scores confirmed trends predicted in Hypothesis 2. Overall, these results not only revealed that improved instrumentation allows demonstration of consistent anxiety-performance relationships, but they also provided additional construct validity for the CSAI-2.

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Using Learning Analytics to Enhance Student Learning in Online Courses Based on Quality Matters Standards

Journal of Educational Technology Systems ◽

10.1177/0047239516656369 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 165-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Florence Martin ◽

Abdou Ndoye ◽

Patricia Wilkins

Keyword(s):

Online Learning ◽

Learning Analytics ◽

Online Courses ◽

Online Course ◽

Design Quality ◽

Descriptive Data ◽

Quality Matters ◽

Frequency Of Use ◽

And Performance ◽

Enhance Student Learning

Quality Matters is recognized as a rigorous set of standards that guide the designer or instructor to design quality online courses. We explore how Quality Matters standards guide the identification and analysis of learning analytics data to monitor and improve online learning. Descriptive data were collected for frequency of use, time spent, and performance and analyzed to identify patterns and trends on how students interact with online course components based on the Quality Matters standards. Major findings of this article provide a framework and guidance for instructors on how data might be collected and analyzed to improve online learning effectiveness.

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Volitional regulation and performance of sports gifted young athletes

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/20197008042 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 ◽

pp. 08042

Author(s):

Natalya Ulyanova ◽

Oksana Chernykh

Keyword(s):

Joint Effect ◽

Sport Performance ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Self Control ◽

Young Athletes ◽

Rhythmic Gymnastics ◽

Athletic Success ◽

Significant Regression ◽

And Performance ◽

The Relationship

The empirical study of the involvement of personal volition in the athletic success of young athletes aged 9 to 18 yearsis presented. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between individual characteristics of volitional processes and the grade of sport performance, determined by the sports qualifications of the respondents.The specifics and requirements ofdifferent kinds of sport have been considered. At the sample of young athletes from 9 to 18 years old (N = 145, M = 13,2 years) for some sports (athletics, rock climbing, football)significant regression models were built. Particular characteristics of volitional processes or their combination were discovered as predictors, and the athlete’s performance was a dependent variable. For other sports disciplines (boxing, rowing, swimming, rhythmic gymnastics), such models could not be identified. Moreover, we established that emotional self-control and determination have a joint effect on the grade of sport performance of athletes who was younger than 13, while for athletesfrom 14 to 18 years oldcommon predictors of performance from among volitional qualities was not found.

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Is Self-Confidence a Bias Factor in Higher-Order Catastrophe Models? An Exploratory Analysis

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsep.26.3.359 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 359-368 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Lew Hardy ◽

Tim Woodman ◽

Stephen Carrington

Keyword(s):

Effect Size ◽

Interaction Effect ◽

Model Framework ◽

Somatic Anxiety ◽

Catastrophe Model ◽

Self Confidence ◽

Cognitive Anxiety ◽

Bias Factor ◽

Median Split ◽

And Performance

This paper examines Hardy’s (1990, 1996a) proposition that self-confidence might act as the bias factor in a butterfly catastrophe model of stress and performance. Male golfers (N = 8) participated in a golf tournament and reported their cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and self-confidence prior to their tee shot on each hole. All anxiety, self-confidence, and performance scores were standardized within participants in order to control for individual differences. The data were then collapsed across participants and categorized into a high self-confidence condition and a low self-confidence condition by means of a median split. A series of two-way (Cognitive Anxiety × Somatic Anxiety) ANOVAs was conducted on each self-confidence condition in order to fag where the maximum Cognitive Anxiety × Somatic Anxiety interaction effect size lay along the somatic anxiety axis. These ANOVAs revealed that the maximum interaction effect size between cognitive and somatic anxiety was at a higher level of somatic anxiety for the high self-confidence condition than for the low self-confidence condition, thus supporting the moderating role of self-confidence in a catastrophe model framework.

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Antecedents Of, Temporal Changes In, and Relationships between CSAI-2 Subcomponents

Journal of Sport Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsp.6.3.289 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 289-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Daniel Gould ◽

Linda Petlichkoff ◽

Robert S. Weinberg

Keyword(s):

Multiple Regression ◽

State Anxiety ◽

Multivariate Analyses ◽

Temporal Changes ◽

Somatic Anxiety ◽

Analysis Techniques ◽

Self Confidence ◽

Cognitive Anxiety ◽

Multivariate Multiple Regression ◽

And Performance

Two studies were conducted to examine antecedents of, relationships between, and temporal changes in the cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and the self-confidence components of the Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, and Smith (1983) newly developed Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2). In addition, the prediction that cognitive and somatic anxiety should differentially influence performance was examined. In Study 1, 37 elite intercollegiate wrestlers were administered the CSAI-2 immediately before two different competitions, whereas in Study 2, 63 female high school volleyball players completed the CSAI-2 on five different occasions (1 week, 48 hrs, 24 hrs, 2 hrs, and 20 min) prior to a major tournament. The results were analyzed using multiple regression, multivariate multiple regression, univariate and multivariate analyses of variance, and general linear model trend analysis techniques. The findings supported the scale development work of Martens and his colleagues by verifying that the CSAI-2 assesses three separate components of state anxiety. A number of other important findings also emerged. First, the prediction was confirmed that somatic anxiety increases during the time leading to competition, while cognitive anxiety and confidence remain constant. Second, CSAI-2 subscales were found to have different antecedents, although the precise predictions of Martens and his colleagues were not supported. Third, the prediction that cognitive anxiety would be a more powerful predictor of performance than somatic anxiety was only partially supported. Fourth, the prediction that precompetitive anxiety differences between experienced and inexperienced athletes initially found by Fenz (1975) result from somatic anxiety changes was not supported. It was concluded that the CSAI-2 shows much promise as a multidimensional sport-specific state anxiety inventory, although more research is needed to determine how and why specific antecedent factors influence various CSAI-2 components and to examine the predicted relationships between CSAI-2 components and performance.

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Characteristics of Women’s Rhythmic Gymnastics from the Perspective of “Body Difficulty” and Performance Time

Advances in Physical Education ◽

10.4236/ape.2017.73021 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 07 (03) ◽

pp. 260-273

Author(s):

Mao Hashimoto ◽

Noriyuki Kida ◽

Teruo Nomura

Keyword(s):

Performance Time ◽

Rhythmic Gymnastics ◽

And Performance

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The Effect of Manipulating Individual Consequences and Training Demands on Experiences of Pressure With Elite Disability Shooters

The Sport Psychologist ◽

10.1123/tsp.2017-0045 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 221-227

Author(s):

Mike Stoker ◽

Ian Maynard ◽

Joanne Butt ◽

Kate Hays ◽

Paul Hughes

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Anxiety ◽

Subject Design ◽

And Performance ◽

Perceived Pressure ◽

Training Demands ◽

And Training

In previous research, multiple demands and consequences were manipulated simultaneously to examine methods for pressure training. Building on literature, in this study a single demand or consequence stressor was manipulated in isolation. Specifically, in a matched within-subject design, 6 international shooters (mean age 28.67 yr) performed a shooting task while exposed to a single demand (task, performer, environmental) or consequence (reward, forfeit, judgment) stressor. Perceived pressure, anxiety (intensity and direction), and performance were measured. Compared with baseline, manipulating demands did not affect pressure or anxiety. In contrast, pressure and cognitive anxiety significantly increased when judgment or forfeit consequence stressors were introduced. Thus, the findings lack support for manipulating demands but strongly support introducing consequences when pressure training. Compared with baseline, the judgment stressor also created debilitative anxiety. Hence, in terms of introducing a single stressor, judgment appeared most impactful and may be most effective for certain athlete populations.

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Training-Load Management in Rhythmic Gymnastics: Practices and Perceptions of Coaches, Medical Staff, and Gymnasts

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2021-0279 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Paula B. Debien ◽

Thiago F. Timoteo ◽

Tim J. Gabbett ◽

Maurício G. Bara Filho

Keyword(s):

Medical Staff ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Training Load ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Load Management ◽

Specific Training ◽

Rhythmic Gymnastics ◽

Effective Training ◽

And Performance

Purpose: This study described and analyzed practices and perceptions of rhythmic gymnastics coaches, medical staff, and athletes on training-load management. Methods: Online surveys were distributed among professionals and gymnasts involved in rhythmic gymnastics training across the world. One hundred (50 coaches, 12 medical staff, and 38 gymnasts) participants from 25 different countries completed the surveys. Results: Respondents stated using coaches’ perception on a daily basis as a method of monitoring external (57%) and internal (58%) load, recovery/fatigue (52%), and performance (64%). Variables and methods (eg, wearable devices, athlete self-reported measures, session rating of perceived exertion), and metrics (eg, acute and chronic load) commonly reported in the training-load literature and other sports were not frequently used in rhythmic gymnastics. The majority of coaches (60.3% [17%]) perceived that maladaptation rarely or never occurred. Medical staff involvement in sharing and discussing training-load information was limited, and they perceived that the measurement of athletes’ recovery/fatigue was poor. Gymnasts noted good quality in relation to the measurement of performance. Most participants (≥85%) believed that a specific training-load management model for rhythmic gymnastics could be very or extremely effective. Conclusions: In conclusion, rhythmic gymnastics coaches’ perception is the most commonly used strategy to monitor load, recovery/fatigue, and performance; although, this could be a limited method to guarantee effective training-load management in this sport.

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