To the question of the relationship between the government and the population through the prism of history

The evolution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the dynamics of the relationship between the Iranian state and society can be explored by examining the postrevolutionary regime's policies toward intellectuals, particularly as expressed in its regulation of cinema and book publication. This relationship—at least in the period from the early 1980s to the early 1990s—was complex and nuanced. Factionalism within the regime provided an opportunity for intellectuals to engage the state in a process of negotiation and protest, cooperation and defiance, in pushing the boundaries of permitted self-expression. The degree of their success depended in part on which faction controlled the government and its regulatory agencies during particular phases in the evolution of the postrevolutionary regime.

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Merebaknya Intoleransi (Hate Speech dan Hate Crime) dalam Politik Indonesia

Madani Jurnal Politik dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan ◽

10.52166/madani.v12i1.1902 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 87-99

Author(s):

Munandzirul Amin

Keyword(s):

Hate Crime ◽

Hate Speech ◽

The State ◽

Political Order ◽

New Order ◽

The People ◽

Technical Issues ◽

The Government ◽

The Relationship

Democracy provides a place for us to learn to live with the enemy because only democracy allows tension and paradox, which comes from freedom, to occur in society. In contrast to the New Order era, we can now enjoy freedom of opinion and association. This freedom can in turn produce tension. The relationship between elements of society with one another, or the relationship between the state and elements of society, can be tense because of differences in interests in regulating social and political order. Meanwhile, Indonesian society witnessed the paradox which also originated from freedom. This, for example, is shown by the emergence of intolerant groups such as the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) and Hizb ut-Tahrir Indonesia (HTI). Even organizations such as HTI are of the view that democracy is not in accordance with the teachings of Islam in terms of sovereignty in the hands of the people, what should determine that is the preogrative right of Allah SWT. The government in the view of HTI only implements sharia and determines administrative technical issues.

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The History of Cultural Policy in Indonesia 1900s-2000s

Jurnal Humaniora ◽

10.22146/jh.v28i1.11510 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 62

Author(s):

Wildan Sena Utama

Keyword(s):

National Culture ◽

Cultural Policy ◽

Cultural Practice ◽

The State ◽

Colonial Period ◽

Government Policies ◽

The Reformation ◽

History Of ◽

The Government ◽

The Relationship

This book investigates how culture, particularly national culture, in Indonesia has been shaped by the government policies from the Dutch colonial period in 1900s to the Reformation era in 2000s. It is an attempt to show the relationship between the state and culture around the process of production, circulation, regulation and reception of cultural policy through different regimes. Although this book discusses government policy, the author has realized that the book needs to overcome contradictions and confusions of cultural discourse by incorporating people as explanatory element. Many aspect of culturality may be influenced by the state, but according to Jones, “it is a field that is not stable and easy to shift that facilitates resistance, and is able to turn against the state, market and other institutions” (p. 31). Jones employs two postcolonial cultural policy tools to review the history of cultural policy in Indonesia: authoritarian cultural policy and command culture. The first means that the state has assumption if majority of citizen do not have capability to inspirit a responsible citizenship and need a state’s direction in the choice of their culture. On the contrary, command culture shows that the cultural idea that is planned in fact always been placing the state as center in planning, creating policy and revising cultural practice.

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Evolution of the Concept of Citizenship in the Islamic Thought: An Analysis

Al-Milal: Journal of Religion and Thought ◽

10.46600/almilal.v2i1.68 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 121-141

Author(s):

Osama Sami AL-Nsour

Keyword(s):

The State ◽

The Past ◽

Islamic Thought ◽

State And Society ◽

The Government ◽

The One ◽

The Individual ◽

Islamic Civilization ◽

Political Economic ◽

The Relationship

The concept of citizenship is one of the pillars upon which the modern civil state was built. The concept of citizenship can be considered as the basic guarantee for both the government and individuals to clarify the relationship between them, since under this right individuals can acquire and apply their rights freely and also based on this right the state can regulate how society members perform the duties imposed on them, which will contributes to the development of the state and society .The term citizenship has been used in a wider perspective, itimplies the nationality of the State where the citizen obtains his civil, political, economic, social, cultural and religious rights and is free to exercise these rights in accordance with the Constitution of the State and the laws governing thereof and without prejudice to the interest. In return, he has an obligation to perform duties vis-à-vis the state so that the state can give him his rights that have been agreed and contracted.This paper seeks to explore firstly, the modern connotation of citizenship where it is based on the idea of rights and duties. Thus the modern ideal of citizenship is based on the relationship between the individual and the state. The Islamic civilization was spanned over fourteen centuries and there were certain laws and regulations governing the relationship between the citizens and the state, this research will try to discover the main differences between the classical concept of citizenship and the modern one, also this research will show us the results of this change in this concept . The research concludes that the new concept of citizenship is correct one and the one that can fit to our contemporary life and the past concept was appropriate for their time but the changes in the world force us to apply and to rethink again about this concept.

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Biopolitics, borders, and refugee camps: exercising sovereign power over nonmembers of the state†

Nationalities Papers ◽

10.1080/00905992.2016.1238885 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 41-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Olga Zeveleva

Keyword(s):

National Identity ◽

Asylum Seekers ◽

The State ◽

State Of Exception ◽

Refugee Camps ◽

Sovereign Power ◽

The Government ◽

Treat All ◽

Refugees And Asylum Seekers ◽

The Relationship

This article addresses the relationship between the concepts of national identity and biopolitics by examining a border-transit camp for repatriates, refugees, and asylum seekers in Germany. Current studies of detention spaces for migrants have drawn heavily on Agamben's reflection on the “camp” and “homo sacer,” where the camp is analyzed as a space in a permanent state of exception, in which the government exercises sovereign power over the refugee as the ultimate biopolitical subject. But what groups of people can end up at a camp, and does the government treat all groups in the same way? This article examines the German camp for repatriates, refugees, and asylum seekers as a space where the state's borders are demarcated and controlled through practices of bureaucratic and narrative differentiation among various groups of people. The author uses the concept of detention space to draw a theoretical link between national identity and biopolitics, and demonstrates how the sovereign's practices of control and differentiation at the camp construct German national identity through defining “nonmembers” of the state. The study draws on ethnographic fieldwork at the Friedland border transit camp and on a discourse analysis of texts produced at the camp or for the camp.

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Rothschilds’ “Delicate and Difficult Task”: Reputation, Political Instability, and the Brazilian Rescue Loans of the 1890s

Enterprise & Society ◽

10.1017/eso.2014.32 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 381-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

LEONARDO WELLER

Keyword(s):

Economic Policy ◽

Sovereign Debt ◽

Debt Crisis ◽

Political Instability ◽

The State ◽

The Political ◽

Political Situation ◽

Brazilian Government ◽

The Government ◽

The Relationship

The London House of Rothschild depended on Brazil to maintain its reputation. This became a problem in the 1890s, when the Brazilian government almost defaulted on its sovereign debt after a change of regime had made politics unstable and economic policy unorthodox. This article shows how the relationship between the bank and the state developed to the point that Rothschilds was forced to rescue its client. Exposure enabled Brazil to implement policies designed to defend the regime at the expense of payment capacity without defaulting. The debt crisis ended only after the political situation stabilized toward the close of the century, when the bank pressured the government to tighten economic policy.

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Art. VII.—An Abstract of Muhammedan Law

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society ◽

10.1017/s0035869x0001409x ◽

1835 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 81-165

Author(s):

Vans Kennedy

Keyword(s):

The State ◽

The Real ◽

Real Nature ◽

Municipal Law ◽

The Government

The Muhammedan law is divisible into two parts perfectly distinct— the religious and the municipal. On the first numerous works have been written, and it must therefore seem singular that the latter has never, as far as I am aware, attracted attention; for the real nature of the state of society, and of the government in Muhammedan countries, can never be clearly understood, unless both the religious and the municipal law are taken into consideration. To supply, therefore, this defect, is the intention of the following pages; and sensible as I am of the very imperfect manner in which it has been executed, I can only trust, that any information on a subject not before discussed will prove acceptable to the Society.

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Negotiating Positive Non-interventionism: Regulating Hong Kong's Finance Companies, 1976–1986

The China Quarterly ◽

10.1017/s0305741017000637 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 230 ◽

pp. 348-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Catherine R. Schenk

Keyword(s):

The State ◽

Financial Centre ◽

Role Of The State ◽

Banking Structure ◽

The Government ◽

The Stability ◽

New Evidence ◽

The Relationship ◽

Distinctive Role

AbstractSince colonial times to the present day, Hong Kong's position as a global financial centre is one of the enduring economic strengths of the territory. This success is often attributed to the distinctive role of the state, coined in the 1970s by the-then financial secretary, Sir Philip Haddon-Cave, as “positive non-interventionism.” The relationship between the market and the state has also been characterized as a form of corporatism, particularly in the financial sector as bankers were able to influence policy. However, closer examination of the behind-the-scenes relations between bankers and the state reveals a much more complex relationship, with the banks seeking protection that the government was not willing to provide. Moreover, the reluctance to regulate financial markets resulted in piecemeal interventions and weak implementation that undermined the stability of this sector and of the economy as a whole. This paper demonstrates the confusion over the concept and practicalities of positive non-interventionism, even for Haddon-Cave, and how the concept evolved towards a policy of “when in doubt, do nothing” during a period of financial instability. Along the way, the paper presents new evidence about the origins of Hong Kong's current banking structure.

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UNDUE INFLUENCE SEBAGAI FAKTOR PENYEBAB CACAT KEHENDAK DILUAR KUHPERDATA, DALAM UPAYA MENGISI KEKOSONGAN HUKUM

LITIGASI ◽

10.23969/litigasi.v17i1.97 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

N. Ike Kusmiati

Keyword(s):

Contract Law ◽

Civil Code ◽

The State ◽

Undue Influence ◽

Freedom Of Contract ◽

Opposing Party ◽

Bargaining Position ◽

The Will ◽

The Government ◽

The Relationship

Not to misuse the regulation of the state as the factor that causes defects in the will of the Indonesian Civil Code, should be anticipated for the development of contract occurs so fast in practice. The convergence of an agreement in the form of rapprochement will of the parties, no longer occur in a balanced manner, because there are elements that influence the parties, both economically and psychologically, whereby the economically strong dominate the contract even harm the opposing party, so the contract applies biased, unfair and inappropriate. Therefore, the government needs to intervene to protect the weaker party. It was felt important need for inclusion of the substance abuse situation as a factor that will cause defects arising from Jurisprudence in the Netherlands as the fourth element, in addition to oversight, coercion and deception that has been set out in Article 1321 of the Civil Code. It is therefore necessary to be examined how the relationship between the abuse of state as the factor that causes the will deform against the abuse of contracts and how to position the state as a factor that causes defects will fill the void in the legal system of contract law in Indonesia. The results showed that the state of relationship abuse as factors that led to the agreement will deform, relevant because the agreement occur with the agreement, and to the agreed required the conformity of the will of the parties. For that agreement became the basis for the validity of the contract. But with the misuse of state in the contract raises the contract it becomes irrevocable, because conformity of his will are not met, while the position of the abuse of the state as the factor that causes a defect will in fill the legal vacuum in the system of contract law in Indonesia, it is very important, where in addition there is no setting in Indonesia, also the case in practice. The parties to a contract are often cornered by the interests of one party, so that the opposing party gives consent with full conviction, because it does not have the bargaining power is balanced, often one of the parties has a weak bargaining position, caused by the influence of the economic position and psychiatric one parties, so we need government intervention to oversee the implementation of the freedom of contract in practice, and making rules coercive. Keywords: Abuse of state; Disability Will; Contracts

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