DESIGN BIOTREATMENT UNIT FOR WATER SULFUR FOR AGRICULTURE PURPOSE

This study was conducted in order to evaluate the uses of sulfur-rich water found in the Western desert of Iraq an assessment was made to select more suitable procedure for using this type of water without negative health and environmental effects, so a field survey of the wells in area was under taken, measuring its discharge sulfur content. Multi-stage treatment system was made using different material such as fermented wheat straw with A. niger, spent mushroom compost, and calcinated rock phosphate ,limestone inoculated with sulfur oxidizing and reducing bacteria, also using continuous treatment system for different time interval of 12, 24, and 36 hours. The results showed existence of sulfur-rich water in Km70 area was superior in its sulfur content 2000 mg l-1. treatments W1 and W2 removed SO4 and hydrogen sulfide by 66.01 and 64.7, 90.97, and 91.6% respectively. Time interval treatment 24 hours. The values of potential salinity in the case of continuous treatments W1 and W2 for 24 hours approached the rates of 12.15 and 11.66, respectively. The efficiency of continuous treatment unit W1 and W2 for hundred days period approached 72 and 96%, respectively.

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Upgrading Wastewater Treatment by Water Hyacinth in Developing Countries

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1990.0241 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 22 (7-8) ◽

pp. 153-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pradeep Kumar ◽

R. J. Garde

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Water Hyacinth ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Cod Removal ◽

Treatment System ◽

Synthetic Wastewater ◽

Second Phase ◽

Treatment Unit ◽

Batch Studies ◽

New Treatment

With increasing stress on existing wastewater treatment systems, it is necessary either to upgrade the treatment unit(s) or install an entirely new treatment plant. Obviously, the upgrading is preferred over the alternative of having a new system. Keeping this in view, in the present project, an attempt has been made to explore the possibility of upgrading existing facultative ponds using water hyacinth. Bench-scale batch studies were designed to compare the performance of hyacinth treatment system with facultative ponds. Investigations were carried out with synthetic wastewater having COD in the range of 32.5-1090 mg/l. The efficiency of COD removal in water hyacinth ponds was 15-20 percent more than the facultative ponds. Based on the results, an empirical model has been proposed for COD removal kinetics. In the second phase of the project a hyacinth pond was continuously operated. BOD, COD, TS, TN, TP, pH, and DO were regularly monitored. However, the DO of the effluent from hyacinth treatment system was considerably reduced. Effluent should be aerated before it is discharged. The results indicate that the existing facultative ponds can be stalked with water hyacinth to improve their performance as well as hyacinth treatment systems can be installed to support the conventional treatment.

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A continuous treatment system for inactivating microorganisms with pulsed electric fields

IAS '95. Conference Record of the 1995 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirtieth IAS Annual Meeting ◽

10.1109/ias.1995.530458 ◽

2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

B.L. Qin ◽

G.V. Barbosa-Canovas ◽

B.G. Swanson ◽

P.D. Pedrow ◽

R.G. Olsen

Keyword(s):

Electric Fields ◽

Pulsed Electric Fields ◽

Treatment System ◽

Continuous Treatment

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Sample selection of prognostics validation test based on multi-stage Wiener process

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part O Journal of Risk and Reliability ◽

10.1177/1748006x18805835 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 233 (4) ◽

pp. 605-614

Author(s):

Zhiao Zhao ◽

Yong Zhang ◽

Guanjun Liu ◽

Jing Qiu

Keyword(s):

Wiener Process ◽

Process Model ◽

Failure Modes ◽

Early Stage ◽

Sample Selection ◽

Degradation Process ◽

Time Interval ◽

Degradation Data ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Selection Of

Sample allocation and selection technology is of great significance in the test plan design of prognostics validation. Considering the existing researches, the importance of prognostics samples of different moments is not considered in the degradation process of a single failure. Normally, prognostics samples are generated under the same time interval mechanism. However, a prognostics system may have low prognostics accuracy because of the small quantity of failure degradation and measurement randomness in the early stage of a failure degradation process. Historical degradation data onto equipment failure modes are collected, and the degradation process model based on the multi-stage Wiener process is established. Based on the multi-stage Wiener process model, we choose four parameters to describe different degradation stages in a degradation process. According to four parameters, the sample selection weight of each degradation stage is calculated and the weight of each degradation stage is used to select prognostics samples. Taking a bearing wear fault of a helicopter transmission device as an example, its degradation process is established and sample selection weights are calculated. According to the sample selection weight of each degradation process, we accomplish the prognostics sample selection of the bearing wear fault. The results show that the prognostics sample selection method proposed in this article has good applicability.

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Minimizing the Impacts of Desertification in an Arid Region: A Case Study of the West Desert of Iraq

Advances in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1155/2021/5580286 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Khamis Naba Sayl ◽

Sadeq Oleiwi Sulaiman ◽

Ammar Hatem Kamel ◽

Nur Shazwani Muhammad ◽

Jazuri Abdullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Degradation ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Rainwater Harvesting ◽

Large Change ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Western Desert ◽

Gis Environment ◽

Small Change ◽

Western Desert Of Iraq ◽

Suitable Land

Currently, desertification is a major problem in the western desert of Iraq. The harsh nature, remoteness, and size of the desert make it difficult and expensive to monitor and mitigate desertification. Therefore, this study proposed a comprehensive and cost-effective method, via the integration of geographic information systems (GISs) and remote sensing (RS) techniques to estimate the potential risk of desertification, to identify the most vulnerable areas and determine the most appropriate sites for rainwater conservation. Two indices, namely, the Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Degradation Index (LDI), were used for a cadastral assessment of land degradation. The findings of the combined rainwater harvesting appropriateness map, and the maps of NDVI and LDI changes found that 65% of highly suitable land for rainwater harvesting lies in the large change and 35% lies in the small change of NDVI, and 85% of highly suitable land lies in areas with a moderate change and 12% lies in strong change of LDI. The adoption of the weighted linear combination (WLC) and Boolean methods within the GIS environment, and the analysis of NDVI with LDI changes can allow hydrologists, decision-makers, and planners to quickly determine and minimize the risk of desertification and to prioritize the determination of suitable sites for rainwater harvesting.

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