scholarly journals ANTIBIOTIC-RE¬¬SISTANT MOTILE AEROMONADS ASSOCIATED WITH CULTURED INDIAN MAJOR CARPS, POND WATER AND POND SEDIMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. e310
Author(s):  
Avishek Bardhan ◽  
T Jawahar Abraham Thangapalam ◽  
Qurratul Ain Qureshi ◽  
Ratul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Pond Sediment ◽  
Indian Major Carps ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Major Carps

The uproar in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among the aquacultured environment has led to the isolation of multiple antibiotic-resistant (MAR) Aeromonas strains. The current study aimed at the enumeration of antibiotic-resistant Aeromonas in carps of aquacultured environment and market samples. Isolation of Aeromonas was also done in Rimler-Shotts agar supplemented with novobiocin followed by antibiotic-sensitivity assay against 12 broad-spectrum antibiotics. Five oxytetracycline-resistant strains were examined for the presence of three tetracycline-resistant genes (tetA, tetC and tetE). The presumptive Aeromonas counts on starch-ampicillin agar were determined as log 3.00-log 6.45/g in carps, log 3.00l-log 5.06/ml in pond water and log 3.30–log 5.14/g in pond sediment. Higher proportions of motile aeromonads from market carps were resistant to chloramphenicol, cefalexin, gentamycin, oxytetracycline and trimethoprim than the farmed carps. Aeromonas strains depicted 57 resistant profiles. About 88.43% of the Aeromonas strains were of the MAR group among which 12.15% and 4.67% were resistant to ≥6 and ≥7 antibiotic groups, respectively. Selected oxytetracycline-resistant strains were negative for targeted genes. The current study implied the high prevalence of AMR bacteria in cultured carps in West Bengal, India. Furthermore, the study indicated that motile aeromonads comprise an effective marker for monitoring AMR in freshwater aquatic environments.

scholarly journals Strain diversity and antibiotic-sensitivity of staphylococcus spp. Isolates from patients of multiprofile pediatric hospital in St. Petersburg, Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
D. P. Gladin ◽  
A. R. Khairullina ◽  
A. M. Korolyuk ◽  
N. S. Kozlova ◽  
O. V. Ananyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Background. Staphylocci are the leading pus-forming Gram-positive bacteria in the childrens hospitals. The prevalence of the antibiotic resistant strains among them limits therapeutic effects of infections in children. Aim. The research is aimed at characterizing the species of staphylococcus, which are isolated from the different clinical specimens of the patients at the clinics of Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University in 2019, and analysis of their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Materials and metods. According to the clinical recommendations of 2018, susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs (AMD) was revealed in 860 strains of staphylococci determined by the disc diffusion method, which were identified by the automated analyser Vitek-2 compact. Results. Six species of staphylococci were represented at the hospital departments, among which Staphylococcus epidermidis prevailed in the departments of the neonate pathology department and intensive care units (63.0% and 46.2% respectively), Staphylococcus aureus is commonly found at the departments of surgery and the departments of the therapeutic profiles (61.7% and 46.2% respectively). More than a half of the staphylococci strains (63.0%) were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobial drugs. Vancomycin and line solid showed the highest activity to these staphylococci. High specific weight of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria (37.8%) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) strains of the phenotype (33.0%) was revealed. The level of antibiotic resistant strains was the highest in Staphylococcus haemolyticus (98.1%) and S. epidermidis (82.0%), while the specific weight of the resistant ones, MDR and XDR strains was extremely low among S. aureus (16.2%, 1.5% and 0.4 respectively), as well as in methicillin-resistant isolates (0.8%). Conclusions. A great variety of antibiotic resistance was revealed among the staphylococci. The prevalence of these strains in the pediatric hospitals requires constant local monitoring of the antibiotic resistant staphylococci.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii as agent of surgery infection and approaches to its overcoming by means of deca-methoxinum antiseptic

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
O A Nazarchuk ◽  
V I Nahaichuk
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Burn Disease ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Introduction. Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli are known as one of the most frequent causative agents of hospital-acquired infections. Acinetobacter baumannii, as causative agent of infection complications of different localization, has obtained recently high resistance to anti-biotics and has belonged to ESKAPE group of pathogens. Antimicrobials, recommended for the prophylaxis and therapy of hospital-acquired infections, have been failing in their effectiveness and lead to selection of antibiotic resistant strains of A. baumannii. The aim of this research was to substantiate the way of overcoming of resistance in clinical strains of A. baumannii, by means of synergic antimicrobial activity of antibiotics and antiseptic decamethoxinum®. Material and methods. The research was carried out on 190 clinical strains of A. baumannii, isolated from patients with burn disease during the period 2011–2015. The sensitivity of clinical strains of A. baumannii was determined to such antibiotics as ampicillin/sulbactam, cefoperazone, cefoperazone/sulbactam, meropenem, imipenem, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin and antiseptic decamethoxinum® (DCM; Registration certificate No UA/14444/01/01 since 24.06.2015. Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No 373). The sensitivity of A. baumannii to antibiotics and DCM was determined by means of disk diffusion test and serial dilution (Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No167 since 05.04.2007; EUCAST expert rules).The study of the influence of antiseptic DCM on the sensitivity of acinetobacteria to antibiotics was studied on 35 clinical strains of A. baumannii, drafted from the general number of isolates enrolled in the research. For this, the sensitivity of A. baumannii to antibiotics in the presence of sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (subMIC) of DCM was identified. The received experimental data were analyzed by “Statistica 6.0”. Results and discussion. The changes of antibiotic sensitivity profile of A. baumannii for five years were shown. It was found that the sensitivity of A. baumannii to majority of antibiotics, selected for study, decreased significantly. But the only ampicillin/sulbactam was found to have vice versa tendency. We found the rising quantity of antibiotic resistant strains of A. baumannii. At the same time, high resistance of acinetobacteria to fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin– 96,1%; gatifloxacin– 95,8%) was found in 2015. The in vitro research of combined activity of DCM antiseptic remedy and early mentioned antibiotics against clinical strains of A. baumannii demonstrated the reveal antibiotic effectiveness. As follows, minimal inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics decreased in 1.5–4 times in the mediums which contained subMIC of DCM. Especially this tendency was found in resistant clinical strains. Conclusion. Under selective influence of antibiotics protected by β-lactamase inhibitors, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones aminoglycosides increase the antibiotic resistance in A. baumannii, causative agents of infectious complications in patients with burn disease. The antiseptic remedy decamethoxinum® helps to improve antibiotic sensitivity in resistant A. baumannii.

scholarly journals A Biological Inventory of Prophages in A. baumannii Genomes Reveal Distinct Distributions in Classes, Length, and Genomic Positions

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Loh ◽  
Jiayuan Chen ◽  
Prasanth Manohar ◽  
Yunsong Yu ◽  
Xiaoting Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Host Bacterium ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Biological Inventory ◽  
Natural Tolerance ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Acinetobacter baumannii is of major clinical importance as the bacterial pathogen often causes hospital acquired infections, further complicated by the high prevalence of antibiotic resistant strains. Aside from natural tolerance to certain antibiotic classes, resistance is often acquired by the exchange of genetic information via conjugation but also by the high natural competence exhibited by A. baumannii. In addition, bacteriophages are able to introduce resistance genes but also toxins and virulence factors via phage mediated transduction. In this work, we analyzed the complete genomes of 177 A. baumannii strains for the occurrence of prophages, and analyzed their taxonomy, size and positions of insertion. Among all the prophages that were detected, Siphoviridae and Myoviridae were the two most commonly found families, while the average genome size was determined to be approximately 4 Mbp. Our data shows the wide variation in the number of prophages in A. baumannii genomes and the prevalence of certain prophages within strains that are most “successful” or potentially beneficial to the host. Our study also revealed that only two specific sites of insertion within the genome of the host bacterium are being used, with few exceptions only. Lastly, we analyzed the existence of genes that are encoded in the prophages, which may confer antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Several phages carry AMR genes, including OXA-23 and NDM-1, illustrating the importance of lysogenic phages in the acquisition of resistance genes.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Otitis Media–Associated Bacterial Flora of Asymptomatic People Living with HIV at Morogoro Hospital, Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 232595821875976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennedy Daniel Mwambete ◽  
Mathias Eulambius
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Living With Hiv

Objectives: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of otitis media (OM)-associated bacterial flora of asymptomatic people living with HIV (PLH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and assess antibiotic resistance profiles of the bacteria. Methodology: Ear secretion specimens were collected by syringe or cotton swabs. Isolated bacteria were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity tests. Results: Of 290 recruited PLH, 81.7% were females and 18.3% males; their CD4+ counts ranged from 0 to 1770. Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli were the predominant bacteria. High antibiotic resistance was detected on Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The prevalence rate of OM-associated bacteria (OAB) was 93.4%, and majority of the bacteria were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Linear association between the prevalence of OAB with both duration of ART and CD4+ counts was observed. Conclusion: High prevalence rates of OAB and antibiotic resistance were observed. Negative correlation between CD4+ counts and prevalence of OAB was revealed.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus Specific Electrospun Wound Dressings: Influence of Immobilization Technique on Antibacterial Efficiency of Novel Enzybiotic

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Olga Urbanek ◽  
Alicja Wysocka ◽  
Paweł Nakielski ◽  
Filippo Pierini ◽  
Elżbieta Jagielska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Very High

The spread of antimicrobial resistance requires the development of novel strategies to combat superbugs. Bacteriolytic enzymes (enzybiotics) that selectively eliminate pathogenic bacteria, including resistant strains and biofilms, are attractive alternatives to antibiotics, also as a component of a new generation of antimicrobial wound dressings. AuresinePlus is a novel, engineered enzybiotic effective against Staphylococcus aureus—one of the most common pathogenic bacteria, found in infected wounds with a very high prevalence of antibiotic resistance. We took advantage of its potent lytic activity, selectivity, and safety to prepare a set of biodegradable PLGA/chitosan fibers generated by electrospinning. Our aim was to produce antimicrobial nonwovens to deliver enzybiotics directly to the infected wound and better control its release and activity. Three different methods of enzyme immobilization were tested: physical adsorption on the previously hydrolyzed surface, and covalent bonding formation using N-hydroxysuccinimide/N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide (NHS/EDC) or glutaraldehyde (GA). The supramolecular structure and functional properties analysis revealed that the selected methods resulted in significant development of nanofibers surface topography resulting in an efficient enzybiotic attachment. Both physically adsorbed and covalently bound enzymes (by NHS/EDC method) exhibited prominent antibacterial activity. Here, we present the extensive comparison between methods for the effective attachment of the enzybiotic to the electrospun nonwovens to generate biomaterials effective against antibiotic-resistant strains. Our intention was to present a comprehensive proof-of-concept study for future antimicrobial wound dressing development.

scholarly journals A Biological Inventory of Prophages in A. baumannii Genomes Reveal Distinct Distributions in Classes, Length and Genomic Positions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Loh ◽  
Jiayuan Chen ◽  
Prasanth Manohar ◽  
Yunsong Yu ◽  
Xiaoting Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Host Bacterium ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Biological Inventory ◽  
Natural Tolerance ◽  
Hospital Acquired

AbstractAcinetobacter baumannii is of major clinical importance as the bacterial pathogen often causes hospital acquired infections, further complicated by the high prevalence of antibiotic resistant strains. Aside from natural tolerance to certain antibiotic classes, resistance is often acquired by the exchange of genetic information via conjugation but also by the high natural competence exhibited by A. baumannii. In addition, bacteriophages are able to introduce resistance genes but also toxins and virulence factors via phage mediated transduction. In this work, we analysed the complete genomes of 177 A. baumannii strains for the occurrence of prophages, and analysed their taxonomy, size and positions of insertion. Among all the prophages that were detected, Siphoviridae and Myoviridae were the two most commonly found families, while the average genome size was determined as 3.98 Mbp. Our data shows the wide variation in the number of prophages in A. baumannii genomes and the prevalence of certain prophages within strains that are most “successful” or potentially beneficial to the host. Our study also revealed that only two specific sites of insertion within the genome of the host bacterium are being used, with few exceptions only. Lastly, we analysed the existence of genes that are encoded in the prophages, which confer antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Several phages carry AMR genes, including OXA-23 and NDM-1, illustrating the importance of lysogenic phages in the acquisition of resistance genes.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Ectoparasitic Infestation in Indian Major Carps During Winter at Different Blocks of South 24-Parganas District, West Bengal, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koel Bhattacharya Sanyal
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Catla Catla ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Indian Major Carps ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Unfavorable Condition ◽  
Major Carps

The study was carried out to find the prevalence of ectoparasites in carp species specifically Indian Major Carps (IMC) during the post monsoon season (November’16 to March’17). Four groups of ectoparasites viz. myxozoan, ciliophoran, monogenean and crustacean were recorded from a total 500 number of  carp species like, Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala and Labeo calbasu collected from different ponds of selected blocks of South 24-Parganas district of West Bengal. The highest prevalence (64.8%) of infestation had been recorded by Myxozoans and the lowest was by Monogeneans (4.8%). The highest and lowest ectoparasitic prevalence in carp was observed in L. rohita (32.9%) and C. catla (27.3%). Beside these, lower temperature (Average 19.3oC), low pH (Average 6.9) and marginal level of dissolved oxygen (Average 6.0ppm) were also created an unfavorable condition for parasitic infestation during this season. At the end of this experiment it was concluded that disease occurrences due to ectoparasites was high in winter with some key factors like temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO).

scholarly journals Prevalence of Parasitic Diseases of Indian Major Carps in Selected Districts of West Bengal, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (06) ◽  
pp. 2784-2805 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vijaysundardeva ◽  
Gadadhar Dash ◽  
Kurva Raghu Ramudu ◽  
T.J. Abraham ◽  
K.U. Shyam
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Indian Major Carps ◽  
Major Carps

scholarly journals Resistance Determinants and Their Association with Different Transposons in the Antibiotic-ResistantStreptococcus pneumoniae

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Korona-Glowniak ◽  
Radoslaw Siwiec ◽  
Anna Malm
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Horizontal Transfer ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Conjugative Transposons ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Related Element

Multiple resistance ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeis generally associated with their unique recombination-mediated genetic plasticity and possessing the mobile genetic elements. The aim of our study was to detect antibiotic resistance determinants and conjugative transposons in 138 antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal strains isolated from nasopharynx of healthy young children from Lublin, Poland. These strains resistant to tetracycline and/or to chloramphenicol/erythromycin/clindamycin were tested by PCR using the specific genes as markers. The presence of Tn916family transposons, carryingtet(M) andint/xisTn916, was observed in all of the tested strains. Tn916was detected in 16 strains resistant only to tetracycline. Tn6002and Tn3872-related element were found among 99erm(B)-carrying strains (83.8% and 3.0%, resp.). Eight strains harbouringmef(E) anderm(B) genes were detected, suggesting the presence of Tn2010and Tn2017transposons. Among 101 chloramphenicol-resistant strains, two variants of Tn5252-related transposon were distinguished depending on the presence ofint/xis5252genes specific forcatgene-containing Tn5252(75.2% of strains) orintSp23FST81gene, specific forcat-containing ICESp23FST81 element (24.8% of strains). In 6 strains Tn916-like and Tn5252-like elements formed a Tn5253-like structure. Besides clonal dissemination of resistant strains of pneumococci in the population, horizontal transfer of conjugative transposons is an important factor of the high prevalence of antibiotic resistance.

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