scholarly journals Resistance Determinants and Their Association with Different Transposons in the Antibiotic-ResistantStreptococcus pneumoniae

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Korona-Glowniak ◽  
Radoslaw Siwiec ◽  
Anna Malm
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Horizontal Transfer ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Conjugative Transposons ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Related Element

Multiple resistance ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeis generally associated with their unique recombination-mediated genetic plasticity and possessing the mobile genetic elements. The aim of our study was to detect antibiotic resistance determinants and conjugative transposons in 138 antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal strains isolated from nasopharynx of healthy young children from Lublin, Poland. These strains resistant to tetracycline and/or to chloramphenicol/erythromycin/clindamycin were tested by PCR using the specific genes as markers. The presence of Tn916family transposons, carryingtet(M) andint/xisTn916, was observed in all of the tested strains. Tn916was detected in 16 strains resistant only to tetracycline. Tn6002and Tn3872-related element were found among 99erm(B)-carrying strains (83.8% and 3.0%, resp.). Eight strains harbouringmef(E) anderm(B) genes were detected, suggesting the presence of Tn2010and Tn2017transposons. Among 101 chloramphenicol-resistant strains, two variants of Tn5252-related transposon were distinguished depending on the presence ofint/xis5252genes specific forcatgene-containing Tn5252(75.2% of strains) orintSp23FST81gene, specific forcat-containing ICESp23FST81 element (24.8% of strains). In 6 strains Tn916-like and Tn5252-like elements formed a Tn5253-like structure. Besides clonal dissemination of resistant strains of pneumococci in the population, horizontal transfer of conjugative transposons is an important factor of the high prevalence of antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Clonal Patterns among Antibiotic-Susceptible and -Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Colonizing Children: Day Care Centers as Autonomous Epidemiological Units

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 4137-4144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Sá-Leão ◽  
Alexander Tomasz ◽  
Ilda Santos Sanches ◽  
Sónia Nunes ◽  
C. Rute Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Day Care Centers ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cross Transmission ◽  
Resistant Strains

Characterization by antibiotype of the 1,096 Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered from 2,111 nasopharyngeal samples of children attending 16 day care centers (DCCs) in Lisbon, Portugal, and molecular typing of 413 drug-resistant pneumococci (DRPn) and 89 fully drug-susceptible pneumococci (DSPn) has allowed several conclusions. (i) There was an increase in the frequency of DRPn colonizing children in DCCs from 40% in 1996 to 45% in 1997 to 50% in 1998. (ii) Drug resistance spread by cross-transmission of DRPn clones. A few (8 out of 57) DRPn clones were repeatedly isolated from a large number of children in several DCCs and during each period of surveillance, suggesting the epidemic nature of these clones, which included lineages representing internationally spread S. pneumoniae clones. (iii) Dissemination of resistance determinants among pneumococci colonizing the nasopharynx occurred. Association of identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns with diverse antibiotypes among pneumococci colonizing children suggests that the high prevalence of DRPn involves not only cross-transmission of resistant strains but also dispersal of resistance genes through recombinational mechanisms. (iv) DCCs are autonomous epidemiological units. Among the 413 DRPn, 57 different lineages were detected; these lineages were dispersed among the 16 DCCs to produce unique microbiological profiles for each of the DCCs. Higher genetic diversity and less sharing of clonal types were observed among the DSPn.

scholarly journals Evidence of Another Anthropic Impact on Iguana delicatissima from the Lesser Antilles: The Presence of Antibiotic Resistant Enterobacteria

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Gustavo Di Lallo ◽  
Marco Maria D’Andrea ◽  
Samanta Sennati ◽  
Maria Cristina Thaller ◽  
Luciana Migliore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

The improper use of antibiotics by humans may promote the dissemination of resistance in wildlife. The persistence and spread of acquired antibiotic resistance and human-associated bacteria in the environment, while representing a threat to wildlife, can also be exploited as a tool to monitor the extent of human impact, particularly on endangered animal species. Hence, we investigated both the associated enterobacterial species and the presence of acquired resistance traits in the cloacal microbiota of the critically endangered lesser Antillean iguana (Iguana delicatissima), by comparing two separate populations living in similar climatic conditions but exposed to different anthropic pressures. A combination of techniques, including direct plating, DNA sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing allowed us to characterize the dominant enterobacterial populations, the antibiotic resistant strains and their profiles. A higher frequency of Escherichia coli was found in the samples from the more anthropized site, where multi-drug resistant strains were also isolated. These results confirm how human-associated bacteria as well as their antibiotic-resistance determinants may be transferred to wildlife, which, in turn, may act as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance.

Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage in school children

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (30) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
I. N. Protasova ◽  
N. V. Bakhareva ◽  
N. A. Ilyenkova ◽  
E. S. Sokolovskaya ◽  
T. A. Elistratova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
School Children ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clonal Structure ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Resistant Strains

Purpose. To investigate the serotype distribution, clonal structure and antimicrobial resistance of pneumococci isolated from schoolchildren.Materials and methods. During the period from 2012 to 2018 we examined 498 healthy school children aged 6 to 17 years. Oropharyngeal swab was taken from each child for culture, after that all S. pneumoniae strains were genotyped for serotype and ST-type deduction (PCR and sequencing, respectively). Antimicrobial resistance was also determined.Results. Pneumococcal culture was positive in 10.6 % of children. S. pneumoniae isolates belonged to seven serogroups and seven serotypes. Serogroup 6 and serotype 19F strains (15.1% each), and serogroup 9 strains (13.2%) were the most prevalent. S. pneumoniae33FA/37 and 3 (9.4 and 5.7%), serogroups 15 and 18 (7.6 and 5.7%), and 10A serotype (3.8%) were determined at a lower frequency. 20 detected ST-types belonged to 14 clonal complexes (CCs); CC156, CC447, and CC320 were predominant. 1.9% of isolates were penicillin-resistant; 13.2% – macrolide-, clindamycin-, and tetracycline-resistant. S. pneumoniae antibiotic resistant strains belonged to multidrug-resistant CCs 320, 315, and 156.Conclusion. S. pneumoniae prevalence in school children is not high. Pneumococcal population is characterized by serotype and clonal diversity including ‘invasive’ serotypes and genotypes. Most of strains are susceptible to antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Wastewater disinfection by solar heterogeneous photocatalysis: effect on tetracycline resistant/sensitive Enterococcus strains

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Heterogeneous Photocatalysis ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
Wastewater Disinfection ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Urban Wastewater Treatment

<div> <p>Solar simulated heterogeneous photocatalysis (SSHP) with suspended TiO<sub>2</sub> was investigated in the inactivation of tetracycline resistant/sensitive <em>Enterococcus</em> (TRE/TSE) strains in the effluent of an urban wastewater treatment plant (UWTP). The effect of solar simulated disinfection (SSD) on the inactivation of the same <em>Enterococcus</em> strains was investigated as control. SSHP process (0.05 g l<sup>-1</sup> of TiO<sub>2</sub>) was found to be effective in the inactivation of both <em>Enterococcus</em> strains with total inactivation (~7 log unit) observed after 60 min of irradiation. On the contrary, SSD process did not show any significant inactivation after 90 min of irradiation. The effect of both processes on the antibiotic resistance phenotypes of the surviving enterococci was also evaluated. TRE cells surviving the SSHP treatment showed that disinfection process did not affect the antibiotic resistance pattern after 45 min irradiation. The same was observed for the TSE strain. Accordingly, antibiotic resistance can spread into the receiving water body when antibiotic resistant strains survive to disinfection process.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Topical issues of inhaled antibacterial therapy of respiratory diseases in children

2018 ◽  
pp. 128-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Kolosova ◽  
A. B. Kolosova
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Restriction Policy ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Outpatient Practice ◽  
Systemic Antibiotics

Despite the fact that acute respiratory infections have viral etiology, the frequency of antibiotic prescriptions accounts for more than 70% in outpatient practice. However, the preventive administration of systemic antibiotics does not reduce the duration of the disease and the incidence of bacterial complications. In addition, the irrational use of antibiotic therapy can lead to the development of antibiotic resistance of infectious disease pathogens. The global problem of antibiotic resistance is seen as a serious threat to public health, and therefore the systemic antibiotic restriction policy is crucial, which helps to reduce the formation of antibiotic-resistant strains of infectious agents. The possibility of using local antibacterial drugs enables optimization of antibiotic therapy and reduces the risk of the development of antibiotic resistance. The article discusses the issues of use of thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate in various diseases in children.

Antibiotic survey ofLactococcus lactisstrains to six antibiotics by Etest, and establishment of new susceptibility-resistance cut-off values

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Belén Flórez ◽  
Morten Danielsen ◽  
Jenni Korhonen ◽  
Joanna Zycka ◽  
Atte von Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
S Genes ◽  
Acquired Antibiotic Resistance

In order to establish cut-off values forLactococcus lactisto six antibiotics to distinguish susceptible and intrinsically resistant strains from those having acquired resistances, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol and vancomycin was determined in 93 differentLc. lactisstrains using the Etest. These bacterial strains were originally isolated from dairy and animal sources in widely separated geographical locations. Cut-offs were defined on the basis of the distribution of the MICs frequency of the studied antibiotics, which in the absence of acquired determinants should approach to a normal statistical distribution. In general, the new cut-off values proposed in this study are higher than previously defined (European Commission, 2005. The EFSA Journal 223, 1–12). Based on these new values, all the strains tested were susceptible to erythromycin, chloramphenicol and vancomycin, and 79 susceptible to all six antibiotics. However, 11 strains (around 12%) were considered resistant to tetracycline (six of which had been identified after screening of a large collection of lactococci strains for tetracycline resistance) and five (5·4%) resistant to streptomycin. Of these, two fish isolates proved to be resistance to both tetracycline and streptomycin. From the tetracycline resistant strains,tet(M) and mosaictet(L/S) genes were amplified by PCR, demonstrating they harboured acquired antibiotic resistance determinants.

scholarly journals Thinking Outside the Bug: Molecular Targets and Strategies to Overcome Antibiotic Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Monserrat-Martinez ◽  
Yann Gambin ◽  
Emma Sierecki
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Discovery

Since their discovery in the early 20th century, antibiotics have been used as the primary weapon against bacterial infections. Due to their prophylactic effect, they are also used as part of the cocktail of drugs given to treat complex diseases such as cancer or during surgery, in order to prevent infection. This has resulted in a decrease of mortality from infectious diseases and an increase in life expectancy in the last 100 years. However, as a consequence of administering antibiotics broadly to the population and sometimes misusing them, antibiotic-resistant bacteria have appeared. The emergence of resistant strains is a global health threat to humanity. Highly-resistant bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant) or Enterococcus faecium (vancomycin-resistant) have led to complications in intensive care units, increasing medical costs and putting patient lives at risk. The appearance of these resistant strains together with the difficulty in finding new antimicrobials has alarmed the scientific community. Most of the strategies currently employed to develop new antibiotics point towards novel approaches for drug design based on prodrugs or rational design of new molecules. However, targeting crucial bacterial processes by these means will keep creating evolutionary pressure towards drug resistance. In this review, we discuss antibiotic resistance and new options for antibiotic discovery, focusing in particular on new alternatives aiming to disarm the bacteria or empower the host to avoid disease onset.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance of Gram-Negative Bacteria from Wild Captured Loggerhead Sea Turtles

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Francesca Blasi ◽  
Luciana Migliore ◽  
Daniela Mattei ◽  
Alice Rotini ◽  
Maria Cristina Thaller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Loggerhead Sea Turtles ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Resistant Strains

Sea turtles have been proposed as health indicators of marine habitats and carriers of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, for their longevity and migratory lifestyle. Up to now, a few studies evaluated the antibacterial resistant flora of Mediterranean loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) and most of them were carried out on stranded or recovered animals. In this study, the isolation and the antibiotic resistance profile of 90 Gram negative bacteria from cloacal swabs of 33 Mediterranean wild captured loggerhead sea turtles are described. Among sea turtles found in their foraging sites, 23 were in good health and 10 needed recovery for different health problems (hereafter named weak). Isolated cloacal bacteria belonged mainly to Enterobacteriaceae (59%), Shewanellaceae (31%) and Vibrionaceae families (5%). Although slight differences in the bacterial composition, healthy and weak sea turtles shared antibiotic-resistant strains. In total, 74 strains were endowed with one or multi resistance (up to five different drugs) phenotypes, mainly towards ampicillin (~70%) or sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (more than 30%). Hence, our results confirmed the presence of antibiotic-resistant strains also in healthy marine animals and the role of the loggerhead sea turtles in spreading antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Clonal Diversity and Resistance Mechanisms in Tetracycline-Nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Poland

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1155-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radosław Izdebski ◽  
Ewa Sadowy ◽  
Janusz Fiett ◽  
Paweł Grzesiowski ◽  
Marek Gniadkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Pfge Type ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Conjugative Transposons ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistance Determinants

ABSTRACT The frequency of tetracycline resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Poland is one of the highest in Europe. The aim of this study was to analyze the clonal diversity and resistance determinants of tetracycline-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae isolates identified in Poland and to investigate the effect of tetracycline resistance on their susceptibilities to tigecycline, doxycycline, and minocycline. We have analyzed 866 pneumococcal isolates collected from 1998 to 2003 from patients with respiratory tract diseases, and 242 of these (27.9%) were found to be resistant to tetracycline. All of the resistant isolates were characterized by testing of their susceptibilities to other antimicrobials, serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and identification of tetracycline resistance genes and transposons. Selected isolates representing the main PFGE types were analyzed by multilocus sequence typing. Among the isolates investigated, 27 serotypes and 146 various PFGE patterns, grouped into 90 types, were discerned. The most common PFGE type, corresponding to serotype 19F and sequence type 423, was represented by 22.3% of all of the tetracycline-resistant isolates. The tet(M) gene was the sole resistance gene in the group of isolates studied, and in over 96% of the isolates, the Tn916 family of tet(M)-containing conjugative transposons was detected. Several isolates contained specific variants of the transposons, the Tn1545-like, Tn3872-like, or Tn2009-like element. The correlation between the MICs of tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline was revealed, whereas no cross-resistance to tetracycline and tigecycline was observed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document