scholarly journals Influence of anionic surfractants on Zn2+ and Sr2+ uptake by ivy (Hedera helix L.) leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Marešová ◽  
Miroslav Horník ◽  
Martin Pipíska ◽  
Jozef Augustín
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Sodium Dodecylsulfate ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Log P ◽  
Hedera Helix ◽  
Radiotracer Technique ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Metal Ion Uptake

Surfactants are frequently used as adjuvants for improving the efficiency of foliar applied fertilizers, pesticides and other biologically active substances. In our paper we used detached leaves of ivy (Hedera helix L.) for the study of the influence of anionic surfactants sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and sodium dicyclohexyl sulfosuccinate (DCSS) on zinc and strontium uptake by leaf surface and transport by radiotracer technique with 65ZnCl2 and 85SrCl2. Accumulated amounts of Zn2+ and Sr2+ ions by the surface of detached intact ivy leaves were 5.0 and 1.1 μg/g, respectively. Ivy leaves pretreated for 24 h in 1 mM SDS or DCSS solutions accumulated approx. twice more Zn and five time more Sr than non treated leaves. Pretreatment with surfactants increased mobility of zinc and strontium in leaf tissues. Separate experiments showed that both SDS and DCSS were sorbed onto the leaf tissue reaching equilibrium within several hours of immersing leaf blades to surfactant solutions. The process can be described in terms of partition equilibria P = [C]leaf/[C]solution with log P = 1.396 within surfactant concentration studied Co ≤ 100 μmol/L. The mechanism of action of surfactants on metal ion uptake is discussed.

scholarly journals 004 Root Application of Potassium Silicate Reduce Feeding Damage to Sargent Crabapple Leaf Tissues by Adult Japanese Beetles

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 441C-441
Author(s):  
A.M. Shirazi ◽  
F.D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Potassium Silicate ◽  
Ion Leakage ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Fall Webworm ◽  
Silicon Nutrition

Research on silicon nutrition has shown an increase in plant disease resistance to powdery mildew and pythium in some species, such as roses and cucumbers. However, the role of silicon for protecting plants from other stresses e.g., heat, drought, insects, etc., are not known. Two-year-old Sargent Crabapple Malus sargentii seedlings were subjected to 4 continuous days of 100 ml root application of potassium silicate at the rate of 0, 100, 200, and 400 ppm in Aug. 1998. After 3 days post-treatment, three detached leaves were placed in each of three petri dishes along with one adult female Japanese beetle (n = 3/concentrations) for 7 days. Potassium silicate at 100 ppm concentration significantly reduced percent leaf tissue eaten by adult Japanese beetles. There was not any statistical difference between control, 200, and 400 ppm application. The ion leakage of stem tissues of 100 and 200 ppm-treated plants were significantly lower than the control and 400 ppm. These lower ion leakage effects were also observed with red-osier dogwood stem tissues at 100 ppm. In a companion study fall webworm larvae were also exposed to the same above concentrations and treatments. There was not a significant effect of potassium pilicate on percent leaf tissue eaten by fall webworm larvae, suggesting that there may be differences between major groups of leaf-feeding insects. Leaf and root tissue analysis for Ca, K, Mg, Na, and Si will be reported.

scholarly journals Zinc uptake and distribution in ivy (Hedera helix L.) leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Jana Marešová ◽  
Miroslav Horník ◽  
Martin Pipíška ◽  
Jozef Augustín
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Zinc Uptake ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Hedera Helix ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Uptake And Transport

Detached leaves of ivy (Hedera helix L.) were used as a model for the study of zinc uptake and transport in vascular plants. By the uptake via the surface of fully immersed leaves in 25 % Hoagland nutrient media (HM) spiked with 65ZnCl2 (50 μmol/dm3 ZnCl2), concentration in leaves 4.98 μg Zn/g (dry wt.), i. e. 2.6 μg Zn/dm2 leaf area after 7d exposition were obtained. By the uptake via immersed stalks of not immersed (transpiring) leaves concentrations up to 370 μg Zn/g (dry wt.) were obtained. When Zn enters into detached leaves via the surface of immersed leaf blades, zinc is uniformly distributed in leaf blades and leaf stalks. When zinc enters detached leaves via immersed stalks of non-immersed transpiring leaves, only small part of zinc is transported to leaf blades and the prevailing part remains in leaf stalks. Stalks act as a trap, able to prevent other leaf tissues against inhibitory effects of high Zn concentrations. Mineral nutrient salts in solutions mobilize Zn trapped in leaf stalks and facilitate Zn transport by transpiration stream to leaf blades, what means that Zn in stalks is bound in ion-exchageable forms.

Stem Cold Hardiness, Leaf Heat Tolerance, Growth, and Performance of Six Japanese Maples (Acer palmatum) in Northern Illinois

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 512e-512
Author(s):  
A.M. Shirazi
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Ion Leakage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
And Performance

Six different Japanese Maples (Acer palmatum) cultivars `Water Fall', `Burgundy Lace', `Crimson Queen', `Oshio-Beni', `SangoKaKu', and `Bloodgood' from Monrovia Nursery were planted in a randomized block design on 4 June 1997 at the The Morton Arboretum. Leaf heat tolerance was evaluated by measuring ion leakage of the leaf tissue at 25–60 °C in July, Aug., and Sept. 1997. The LT50 (the temperature at which 50% of the tissues were injured) of all the cultivars were higher in July (≈53 °C) and were lower in September (≈47 °C). Water content of the leaf tissues were higher in July compare to August and September and were not related to heat tolerance of most cultivars. Stem cold hardiness was performed by artificial freezing tests in Oct., Dec., and Feb. 1997/98. The Lowest Survival Temperature (LST) for the most hardy to least hardy cultivars in October and December were: `Burgundy Lace' (–15, –27 °C), `Bloodgood' (–18, –24 °C), `Oshio-Beni' (–15, –24 °C), `Crimson Queen' (–15, –18 °C), `Water Fall' (–9, –18 °C) and `SangoKaKu' (–9, –12 °C), respectively. Growth, dormancy development, spring budbreak and performance of these cultivars will be compared.

scholarly journals Evidence that a New Antibiotic Flavone Glycoside Chemically Defends the Sea Grass Thalassia testudinumagainst Zoosporic Fungi

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1490-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Jensen ◽  
K. M. Jenkins ◽  
D. Porter ◽  
W. Fenical
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Chemical Fractionation ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Flavone Glycoside ◽  
Sea Grass ◽  
Zoosporic Fungi ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Marine Angiosperm

ABSTRACT Significantly fewer thraustochytrid protists (zoosporic fungi) were observed in association with healthy leaf tissue of the marine angiosperm Thalassia testudinum than in association with sterilized samples that were returned to the collection site for 48 h. In support of the hypothesis that sea grass secondary metabolites were responsible for these differences, extracts of healthyT. testudinum leaf tissues inhibited the growth of the co-occurring thraustochytrid Schizochytrium aggregatum and deterred the attachment of S. aggregatum motile zoospores to an extract-impregnated substrate. By using S. aggregatumfor bioassay-guided chemical fractionation, a new flavone glycoside was isolated and structurally characterized as luteolin 7-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-2"-sulfate. Whole-leaf tissue concentrations of this metabolite (4 mg/ml of wet leaf tissue) inhibited S. aggregatum attachment, and a significantly lower concentration (270 μg/ml) reduced thraustochytrid growth by 50%, suggesting that natural concentrations are at least 15 times greater than that needed for significant microbiological effects. These results offer the first complete chemical characterization of a sea grass sulfated flavone glycoside and provide evidence that a secondary metabolite chemically defends T. testudinum against fouling microorganisms.

scholarly journals Comparison between Different Keratin-composed Biosorbents for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawzi Banat ◽  
Sameer Al-Asheh ◽  
Dheaya‘ Al-Rousan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Ion Uptake ◽  
Chicken Feathers ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Metal Ion Uptake

This study examined and compared the ability of chicken feathers, human hair and animal horns, as keratin-composed biosorbents, for the removal of Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions from single metal ion aqueous solutions under different operating conditions. The three biosorbents investigated in this study were all capable of adsorbing Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions from aqueous solutions. The biosorbent showing the highest uptake of Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions was animal horns. Chicken feathers showed a higher Cu2+ ion uptake and a lower Zn2+ ion compared to human hair. Increasing the initial concentration of Zn2+ or Cu2+ ions, or increasing the initial pH value, increased the metal ion uptake. Such uptake decreased when the temperature was raised from 25°C to 50°C for all adsorbent/metal ion combinations except for Zn2+ ion/human hair where the uptake increased with temperature. It was demonstrated that the addition of NaCl salt to the metal ion solution depressed the metal ion uptake. The Freundlich isotherm model was found to be applicable to the adsorption data for Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions.

Properties of the mammalian and yeast metal-ion transporters DCT1 and Smf1p expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (6) ◽  
pp. 1053-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sacher ◽  
A. Cohen ◽  
N. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Ion Uptake ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Oocytes ◽  
Ion Transporters ◽  
Divalent Metal Ions ◽  
Transport Pathway ◽  
Metal Ion Uptake

Transition metals are essential for many metabolic processes, and their homeostasis is crucial for life. Metal-ion transporters play a major role in maintaining the correct concentrations of the various metal ions in living cells. Little is known about the transport mechanism of metal ions by eukaryotic cells. Some insight has been gained from studies of the mammalian transporter DCT1 and the yeast transporter Smf1p by following the uptake of various metal ions and from electrophysiological experiments using Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with RNA copies (c-RNA) of the genes for these transporters. Both transporters catalyze the proton-dependent uptake of divalent cations accompanied by a ‘slippage’ phenomenon of different monovalent cations unique to each transporter. Here, we further characterize the transport activity of DCT1 and Smf1p, their substrate specificity and their transport properties. We observed that Zn(2+) is not transported through the membrane of Xenopus laevis oocytes by either transporter, even though it inhibits the transport of the other metal ions and enables protons to ‘slip’ through the DCT1 transporter. A special construct (Smf1p-s) was made to enhance Smf1p activity in oocytes to enable electrophysiological studies of Smf1p-s-expressing cells. 54Mn(2+) uptake by Smf1p-s was measured at various holding potentials. In the absence of Na(+) and at pH 5.5, metal-ion uptake was not affected by changes in negative holding potentials. Elevating the pH of the medium to 6.5 caused metal-ion uptake to be influenced by the holding potential: ion uptake increased when the potential was lowered. Na(+) inhibited metal-ion uptake in accordance with the elevation of the holding potential. A novel clutch mechanism of ion slippage that operates via continuously variable stoichiometry between the driving-force pathway (H(+)) and the transport pathway (divalent metal ions) is proposed. The possible physiological advantages of proton slippage through DCT1 and of Na(+) slippage through Smf1p are discussed.

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