scholarly journals Zinc uptake and distribution in ivy (Hedera helix L.) leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Jana Marešová ◽  
Miroslav Horník ◽  
Martin Pipíška ◽  
Jozef Augustín
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Zinc Uptake ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Hedera Helix ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Uptake And Transport

Detached leaves of ivy (Hedera helix L.) were used as a model for the study of zinc uptake and transport in vascular plants. By the uptake via the surface of fully immersed leaves in 25 % Hoagland nutrient media (HM) spiked with 65ZnCl2 (50 μmol/dm3 ZnCl2), concentration in leaves 4.98 μg Zn/g (dry wt.), i. e. 2.6 μg Zn/dm2 leaf area after 7d exposition were obtained. By the uptake via immersed stalks of not immersed (transpiring) leaves concentrations up to 370 μg Zn/g (dry wt.) were obtained. When Zn enters into detached leaves via the surface of immersed leaf blades, zinc is uniformly distributed in leaf blades and leaf stalks. When zinc enters detached leaves via immersed stalks of non-immersed transpiring leaves, only small part of zinc is transported to leaf blades and the prevailing part remains in leaf stalks. Stalks act as a trap, able to prevent other leaf tissues against inhibitory effects of high Zn concentrations. Mineral nutrient salts in solutions mobilize Zn trapped in leaf stalks and facilitate Zn transport by transpiration stream to leaf blades, what means that Zn in stalks is bound in ion-exchageable forms.

scholarly journals Influence of anionic surfractants on Zn2+ and Sr2+ uptake by ivy (Hedera helix L.) leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Marešová ◽  
Miroslav Horník ◽  
Martin Pipíska ◽  
Jozef Augustín
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Sodium Dodecylsulfate ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Log P ◽  
Hedera Helix ◽  
Radiotracer Technique ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Metal Ion Uptake

Surfactants are frequently used as adjuvants for improving the efficiency of foliar applied fertilizers, pesticides and other biologically active substances. In our paper we used detached leaves of ivy (Hedera helix L.) for the study of the influence of anionic surfactants sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and sodium dicyclohexyl sulfosuccinate (DCSS) on zinc and strontium uptake by leaf surface and transport by radiotracer technique with 65ZnCl2 and 85SrCl2. Accumulated amounts of Zn2+ and Sr2+ ions by the surface of detached intact ivy leaves were 5.0 and 1.1 μg/g, respectively. Ivy leaves pretreated for 24 h in 1 mM SDS or DCSS solutions accumulated approx. twice more Zn and five time more Sr than non treated leaves. Pretreatment with surfactants increased mobility of zinc and strontium in leaf tissues. Separate experiments showed that both SDS and DCSS were sorbed onto the leaf tissue reaching equilibrium within several hours of immersing leaf blades to surfactant solutions. The process can be described in terms of partition equilibria P = [C]leaf/[C]solution with log P = 1.396 within surfactant concentration studied Co ≤ 100 μmol/L. The mechanism of action of surfactants on metal ion uptake is discussed.

scholarly journals Differences in Leaf Cuticle Structure and Efficacy among Eastern Redbud and Mexican Redbud Phenotypes

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy L. Tipton ◽  
Marcia White
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Cercis Canadensis ◽  
Area Basis ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Eastern Redbud ◽  
Mass Basis

The objective of this study was to compare the structure and efficacy in terms of retarding cuticular transpiration of leaf cuticles from eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis L.) and dull-leaf and glossy-leaf Mexican redbud [Cercis canadensis var. mexicana (Rose) M. Hopk.]. Leaves of Mexican redbud exhibited several xeromorphic characteristics compared to eastern redbud: a smaller, thicker leaf with thicker cuticles, more cuticular wax, a higher specific leaf mass, and greater hydrated water content on a leaf area basis. Mexican redbuds with a glossy leaf differed from those with a dull leaf only in a thicker adaxial cuticle lacking wax crystallite on the surface. Epicuticular wax crystallite were present on the abaxial surface of all leaves examined. Detached leaves of eastern redbud had a higher water loss rate than those of Mexican redbud only on a dry mass basis, not on a leaf area basis. There was no difference in the rate of water loss by detached leaves of glossy-leaf and dull-leaf Mexican redbuds after 4 hours.

A simple and low-cost method for leaf area measurement of detached leaves

1997 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Korva ◽  
G. A. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
New Method ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Water Spray ◽  
Spray Method ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Highly Correlated

A technique for leaf area measurement utilizing water spray as an inexpensive substitute for electronic equipment was developed and tested with leaves of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The leaf areas measured by the spray method were highly correlated with those measured by an electronic area meter. Measurements of leaf area obtained by the spray method were significantly more highly correlated with those obtained by the area meter than were the measurements of dry weights. The main advantages of the new method are precision, accuracy and immediate results at a low cost.

scholarly journals Implications of a zinc uptake and transport model

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e24167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Claus ◽  
Andrés Chavarría-Krauser
Keyword(s):  
Transport Model ◽  
Zinc Uptake ◽  
Uptake And Transport

POTATO PLANTS GROWN IN MINERAL NUTRIENT MEDIA

Soil Science ◽  
1928 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
EARL S. JOHNSTON
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Potato Plants

scholarly journals Endophytic fungi reduce leaf-cutting ant damage to seedlings

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Bittleston ◽  
F. Brockmann ◽  
W. Wcislo ◽  
S. A. Van Bael
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Cordia Alliodora ◽  
Neotropical Forests ◽  
Ant Colonies ◽  
Leaf Toughness ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Atta Colombica

Our study examines how the mutualism between Atta colombica leaf-cutting ants and their cultivated fungus is influenced by the presence of diverse foliar endophytic fungi (endophytes) at high densities in tropical leaf tissues. We conducted laboratory choice trials in which ant colonies chose between Cordia alliodora seedlings with high ( E high ) or low ( E low ) densities of endophytes. The E high seedlings contained 5.5 times higher endophyte content and a greater diversity of fungal morphospecies than the E low treatment, and endophyte content was not correlated with leaf toughness or thickness. Leaf-cutting ants cut over 2.5 times the leaf area from E low relative to E high seedlings and had a tendency to recruit more ants to E low plants. Our findings suggest that leaf-cutting ants may incur costs from cutting and processing leaves with high endophyte loads, which could impact Neotropical forests by causing variable damage rates within plant communities.

scholarly journals Influence of NaCl Salinity and Different Substracts on Plant Growth, Mineral Nutrient Assimilation and Fruit Yield of Strawberry

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asghar RAHIMI ◽  
Ali BIGLARIFARD
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Assimilation ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Total Dry Weight

A hydroponic culture was carried out with strawberry cv. Camarosa to investigate the effects of four salinity levels and four different substrates on plant growth, mineral nutrient assimilation and fruit yield of strawberry. Total dry weight accumulation of plants was not inhibited at low salinities, but it was significantly inhibited at 60 mM NaCl. Dry mass (DM) partitioning in NaCl-stressed plants was in favor of crown and petioles and at the expense of root, stem and leaf, whereas leaf, stem and root DM progressively declined with an increase in salinity. Specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf area ratio (LAR) significantly decreased in cv. Camarosa at 60 and 90 mM. Results also showed that the presence of NaCl in the root medium induced an increase in total Na+ content of the plants in the shoot and root. Despite Na+ and K+, the increase in total inorganic ions resulted from increasing salinity, with Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations decreasing in shoot and increasing in roots with an increase in salinity. For all micro- and macroelements however, significant concentration changes related to different substrates were not detected in the present experiments. Results also showed a significant decline of Fe content of 40% and 49% in shoot and root, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on the Incubation Period and Leaf Colonization in Bacterial Blight of Anthurium

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 1007-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fukui ◽  
H. Fukui ◽  
A. M. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Degree Day ◽  
Leaf Tissues

Effect of temperature on leaf colonization in anthurium blight was studied using a bioluminescent strain of Xanthomonas campestris pv. dieffenbachiae. In a susceptible cultivar, colonization of leaf tissues (monitored by detection of bioluminescence) and symptom development (assessed visually) advanced rapidly at higher temperatures. For a susceptible cultivar, there was a linear relationship between degree-days and percent leaf area colonized by the pathogen, indicating that leaf colonization in a susceptible cultivar was a direct function of the cumulative effect of temperature. The degree-day intercept of the regression line represented the time from inoculation to detection of bioluminescence, and the slope indicated the increase of leaf colonization per degree-day. There also was a linear relationship between the logarithm of degree-days and the logarithm of percent leaf area showing visible symptoms in a susceptible cultivar. The degree-day intercept of this relationship represented the incubation period (about 500 degree-days). The degree-days required to detect bioluminescence was not considerably different between susceptible and resistant cultivars. However, the subsequent rates of leaf colonization were significantly lower for a resistant cultivar than for a susceptible cultivar in all temperature regimes. The results suggest that multiplication of the pathogen in the leaf tissues is optimized in the susceptible cultivar. In contrast, in the resistant cultivar, the defense mechanisms overshadow the temperature effect. The differential response to temperatures may be an additional indicator of cultivar susceptibility.

scholarly journals 004 Root Application of Potassium Silicate Reduce Feeding Damage to Sargent Crabapple Leaf Tissues by Adult Japanese Beetles

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 441C-441
Author(s):  
A.M. Shirazi ◽  
F.D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Potassium Silicate ◽  
Ion Leakage ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Fall Webworm ◽  
Silicon Nutrition

Research on silicon nutrition has shown an increase in plant disease resistance to powdery mildew and pythium in some species, such as roses and cucumbers. However, the role of silicon for protecting plants from other stresses e.g., heat, drought, insects, etc., are not known. Two-year-old Sargent Crabapple Malus sargentii seedlings were subjected to 4 continuous days of 100 ml root application of potassium silicate at the rate of 0, 100, 200, and 400 ppm in Aug. 1998. After 3 days post-treatment, three detached leaves were placed in each of three petri dishes along with one adult female Japanese beetle (n = 3/concentrations) for 7 days. Potassium silicate at 100 ppm concentration significantly reduced percent leaf tissue eaten by adult Japanese beetles. There was not any statistical difference between control, 200, and 400 ppm application. The ion leakage of stem tissues of 100 and 200 ppm-treated plants were significantly lower than the control and 400 ppm. These lower ion leakage effects were also observed with red-osier dogwood stem tissues at 100 ppm. In a companion study fall webworm larvae were also exposed to the same above concentrations and treatments. There was not a significant effect of potassium pilicate on percent leaf tissue eaten by fall webworm larvae, suggesting that there may be differences between major groups of leaf-feeding insects. Leaf and root tissue analysis for Ca, K, Mg, Na, and Si will be reported.

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