Sonoelastography in the diagnosis  of thyroid focal lesions

The occurrence of focal lesions in the thyroid gland affects up to 65% of the general population, and an important element of diagnostics is the most precise possible distinction between benign and malignant lesions. Despite advanced knowledge and developed algorithms, in some cases the decision to proceed further may cause problems even for an experienced clinician. A promising tool in estimating oncological risk is sonoelastography. This article aims to approximate and organize knowledge in this field in relation to focal lesions of the thyroid gland and to encourage the implementation of the method in everyday practice.

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Apparent diffusion coefficient for differentiating between benign and malignant hepatic focal lesions

Egyptian Liver Journal ◽

10.1186/s43066-020-00068-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sherif Abugamra ◽

Aya Yassin ◽

Asmaa Saber Mostafa Abdel-Rehim ◽

Dina Sayed Sheha

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Diffusion Coefficient ◽

Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽

Focal Lesion ◽

Benign Lesions ◽

Focal Lesions ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Apparent Diffusion ◽

Malignant Lesions ◽

The Mean

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the role of diffusion weight MRI (DWI) in the characterization of hepatic focal lesions by using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Thirty patients (18 women, 12 men; mean age 48.5 years) with hepatic focal lesions were included in this study. Patients underwent DW MR imaging with the SPLICE sequence. ADC of each focal lesion carcinoma was calculated from DW MR Images obtained with low and high b values. ADCs were compared among pathological types of focal lesions. Results Among the 30 patients included in the study, 46 focal lesions were detected. Twenty-four lesions were metastatic lesions from primary cancer, 7 lesions were hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 9 lesions were hemangiomas, and 6 lesions were simple cysts. There was highly significant difference between the mean ADC of the malignant lesions (metastasis and HCC) and the mean ADC of benign lesions (hemangiomas and cysts). The ADC of malignant lesion was much less than that of benign lesion. The mean ADC of malignant lesions (n = 31) was 0.73 ± 0.19 × 10−3 mm2/s, and the mean ADC of benign lesions (n = 15) was 1.94 ± 0.68 × 10−3 mm2/s (p value < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the cysts and hemangiomas. There was no statistically significant difference between the metastases and hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusion ADCs values were able to differentiate benign from malignant lesions. ADC should be considered in the work up of patients with hepatic focal lesions.

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MO226A NEW DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR CKD PATIENTS: CONTRAST-ENHANCED ULTRASONOGRAPHY. A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfab092.00104 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Mirela Liana Gliga ◽

Cristian Chirila ◽

Paula Chirila ◽

Adriana Gomotarceanu ◽

Imola Torok ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Tool ◽

Final Diagnosis ◽

Medical System ◽

Focal Lesions ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Single Center Experience ◽

Contrast Enhanced ◽

Contrast Enhanced Ultrasonography ◽

Malignant Lesions ◽

Guidelines And Recommendations

Abstract Background and Aims Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) is a minimally invasive diagnostic tool available for diagnosing microvascular disturbances in tumors and many vascular pathologies. Unlike other radiological contrast agents, it is completely harmless for CKD patients and therefore it is used for the safe diagnosis of many diffuse or focal pathologies. Method We used CEUS examination in 50 CKD patients for the following pathologies: 10 atypical cysts, 15 liver focal lesions, 2 splenic focal lesions, 3 renal infarcts, 12 kidney focal lesions and 8 other organ involvements. Examination was made using a VOLUSON E8 machine (GE Medical System Kreztechnik GmbH Tiefenbach 15, Austria) with a 3.5 MHz convex array abdominal transducer. 2.4 ml of microbubble contrast-agent was administered intravenously and recording of the results were made for 3-5 minutes after injection. Results Depending on the organ vascular characteristics, contrast enhancement and/or wash-out were suggestive for the final diagnosis. In liver lesions there are three phases and in kidneys, spleen, gallbladder, adenopathies there are two vascular phases. We obtained a very good positive predictive value and sensitivity in detecting malignant lesions. Conclusion According to The EFSUMB Guidelines and Recommendations for the Clinical Practice of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound they are used both for hepatic and Non-Hepatic Applications. Being non-invasive and non-irradiating it could be the main diagnostic examination in CKD population in the future.

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Role of MRI in Detecting and Characterizing Small Hepatic Focal Lesions

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab106.035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Rania Ali Maarouf ◽

Ali Haggag Ali ◽

Mahmoud Abdelatif Onsy

Keyword(s):

Tumor Staging ◽

Left Lobe ◽

Diagnostic Process ◽

Liver Imaging ◽

Focal Lesions ◽

Focal Hepatic Lesions ◽

Malignant Lesions ◽

Hepatic Lesions ◽

The Right

Abstract Background Despite the recent advances in liver imaging, the detection and characterization of small hepatic focal lesions is still a real challenge. Particularly in cancer patients where the characterization of a small HFL as thus the precise tumor staging is critical for optimal treatment planning. Aim of the Work To explore the effectiveness, and hence the clinical utility, of MRI detection and characterization of small focal hepatic lesions either only discovered on MRI or as a further work up of CT/US-indeterminate lesions. Patients and Methods We reviewed our database for individuals who underwent liver MR imaging between March 2018 and March 2019 for the evaluation of small hepatic lesions that were discovered for the first time or had been previously visualized on routinely performed CT and had been considered indeterminate. Results The present study included 44 patients of which 26 were males (59.1%) and 18 were females (40.9%). The age range of the study group was 19 to 77 years. The mean age for Malignant lesions was 51 years. The right lobe of liver was involved in 23 cases (52.3%), left lobe in 5 cases (11.4%) and both lobes in 16 cases (36.4%). There were 30 (68.18%) benign, 13 (29.54%) malignant lesions and 1 (2.3%) indeterminate, hemangiomas were predominant in benign lesions whereas hepatocellular carcinomas were predominant in malignant lesions. N'TRI could characterize 92% cases. Conclusion The diagnostic process of small hepatic focal lesions, either detection or characterization or both, continues to represent a challenge. Contrast-enhanced MR can accurately detect and characterize majority of small hepatic focal lesions.

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NODULAR GOITER AND MALIGNANT LESIONS OF THE THYROID GLAND*

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jcem-11-10-1157 ◽

1951 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1157-1165 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

OLIVER H. BEAHRS ◽

JOHN DEJ. PEMBERTON ◽

B. MARDEN BLACK

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Gland ◽

Nodular Goiter ◽

Malignant Lesions

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Importance of ELABELA in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions of the thyroid gland

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.20945/2359-3997000000293 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mehmet Bankir ◽

Cansu Abayli ◽

Fettah Acibucu

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Thyroid Gland ◽

Malignant Lesions

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SPMP 8105 The focal lesions of thyroid gland evaluated by Color Doppler

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology ◽

10.1016/s0301-5629(97)80879-4 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. S158

Author(s):

Urszula Łebkowska ◽

Małgorzata Serafin-Król

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Gland ◽

Color Doppler ◽

Focal Lesions

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Thyroid Adenomas in Children

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences ◽

10.15690/vramn.v70.i5.1436 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 70 (5) ◽

pp. 513-518

Author(s):

D. A. Morozov ◽

E. S. Pimenova ◽

E. D. Mirokova

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Gland ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Nodular Goiter ◽

Surgical Approaches ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Thyroid Adenomas ◽

Malignant Lesions ◽

Treatment Prognosis ◽

Cancer In Children

According to the papers thyroid nodules are quite rare in the first two decades of life. However, there are some exceptions, relating to areas with an iodine deficiency or affected by radioactive fallout, where the risk of nodules and carcinomas is increased. Therefore, it is a great challenge for the physician to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions preoperatively, and not only in these areas of greater risk. The authors analyzed current works, which are devoted to diagnostics and treatment of adenomas of thyroid gland in children. This literature review is based on works dedicated to epidemiology, histotypes study, and methods of diagnostics, surgical treatment, prognosis and complications of this pathology. The current tendencies in surgical approaches, intraoperative monitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerve are also discussed. The actuality of this problem is connected with last decade increase of adenomas in structure of thyroid gland nodules, increase of number of patients with multiple adenomas and with polypathias: adenomas with nodular goiter, autoimmune thyroiditis and cancer in children. The difficulties of diagnostic of adenomas are related to the similar clinical symptoms, cytogenetic characteristics of growth of benign and malignant lesions of thyroid gland. Additionally there is no systematic review about thyroid adenomas in children recent years.

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Two cases of thyroid gland invasion by upper mediastinal carcinoma

Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Case Reports ◽

10.1530/edm-19-0028 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Haruhiko Yamazaki ◽

Hiroyuki Iwasaki ◽

Yoichiro Okubo ◽

Nobuyasu Suganuma ◽

Katsuhiko Masudo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Gland ◽

Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Pathological Examination ◽

List Type ◽

Pathological Findings ◽

Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽

Mediastinal Tumors ◽

Malignant Lesions

Summary The objective this study is to report two cases of thyroid gland invasion by upper mediastinal carcinoma. Mediastinal tumors are uncommon and represent 3% of the tumors seen within the chest. In reports on mediastinal masses, the incidence of malignant lesions ranged from 25 to 49%. The thyroid gland can be directly invaded by surrounding organ cancers. We report these cases contrasting them to the case of a thyroid cancer with mediastinal lesions. Case 1 was a 73-year-old woman who was diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma, and she underwent surgery and postoperative radioactive iodine. Case 2 was a 74-year-old man who was diagnosed with non-small-cell lung carcinoma, favor squamous cell carcinoma, and he underwent chemoradiotherapy. Case 3 was a 77-year-old man who was diagnosed a thymic carcinoma based on pathological findings and referred the patient to thoracic surgeons for surgical management. The images of the three cases were similar, and the differential diagnoses were difficult and required pathological examination. Primary thyroid carcinoma and invading carcinoma originating from the adjacent organs need to be distinguished because their prognoses and treatment strategies are different. It is important to properly diagnose them by images and pathological findings. Learning points: The thyroid gland in the anterior neck can be directly invaded by surrounding organ cancers. Primary thyroid carcinoma and invading carcinoma originating from the adjacent organs need to be distinguished because their prognoses and treatment strategies are different. It is important to properly diagnose by images and pathological findings.

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