scholarly journals FEATURES OF COST MANAGEMENT IN REGIME ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
О.О. Шендрикова ◽  
А.В. Красникова ◽  
И.Ф. Елфимова

Введение. Условия функционирования промышленных режимных предприятий характеризуются ограниченностью ресурсов, усложнением конструктивных особенностей выпускаемой продукции, быстроменяющимися предпочтениями потребителей и высокой конкуренцией со стороны импортных аналогов. Вследствие чего удержание лидирующих позиций достигается путем снижения себестоимости производимой продукции при сохранении надлежащего качества выпускаемых изделий. Эти вопросы решаются путем организации эффективного управления затратами на режимных предприятиях. Формирование затрат режимных объектов имеет ряд особенностей, для понимания которых в статье дается определение терминам «режимное предприятие», «управление затратами», рассматриваются особенности статей калькуляции для режимных предприятий. Данные и методы. Авторами рассматривается понятие управления затратами, уточняется понятие затрат применительно к выбранной теме исследования. Выделяется ряд особенностей затрат режимного предприятия, которые должны быть учтены при формировании системы управления затратами. Предлагаются инструменты и механизм уменьшения затрат, образующие в совокупности предпосылки формирования системы управления затратами на режимных промышленных предприятиях. Рассматриваются результаты применения метода анализа иерархий для выявления резервов сокращения затрат на производство продукции, в рамках функционирования предложенного в работе организационно-экономического механизма снижения затрат на исследуемом в статье режимном предприятии. Полученные результаты. Для эффективного функционирования организационно-экономического механизма снижения затрат на режимном предприятии должна быть создана система ключевых инструментов, позволяющих своевременно принимать обоснованные решения по снижению затрат на производство продукции. Перечисленные в работе инструменты снижения затрат эффективны в комплексном применении. В свою очередь, их использование в совокупности с принципами бережливого производства способствует повышению конкурентоспособности и финансовых результатов. Комплексное применение рассмотренного в статье организационно-экономического механизма, инструментов управления затратами и методов бережливого производства открывает перспективы для разработки системы управления затратами на режимном промышленном предприятии. Заключение. Необходимость разработки системы управления затратами является закономерным процессом на фоне обострения международной конкуренции, в особенности, учитывая переход данной конкуренции в военно-политическую плоскость. Эффективное управление затратами на режимных предприятиях будет способствовать решению актуальных в настоящее время задач повышения конкурентоспособности отечественной продукции и создания импортозамещающих производств. Introduction The conditions of the design features of the products, the rapidly changing preferences of consumers and high competition from imported analogs. As a result, maintaining a leading position is achieved by reducing the cost of manufactured products while maintaining the proper quality of products. These issues are addressed through the organization of effective cost management at secure enterprises. The formation of the costs of secure facilities has a number of features, for the understanding of which the article defines the terms “secure enterprise”, “cost management”, considers the features of calculation items for secure enterprises. Data and methods. The authors consider the concept of cost management, clarify the concept of costs in relation to the selected research topic. A number of features of the costs of a regime enterprise are highlighted, which must be taken into account when forming a cost management system. Instruments and a mechanism for reducing costs are proposed, which together form the prerequisites for the formation of a cost management system at secure industrial enterprises. The article discusses the results of applying the method of analysis of hierarchies to identify reserves for reducing the costs of manufacturing products, within the framework of the functioning of the organizational and economic mechanism of cost reduction proposed in the work at the regime enterprise investigated in the article. Results. For the effective functioning of the organizational and economic mechanism for reducing costs at a regime enterprise, a system of key tools should be created that allow making timely informed decisions to reduce the costs of manufacturing products. The cost reduction tools listed in the work are effective in complex application. In turn, their use in conjunction with the principles of lean production contributes to increased competitiveness and financial results. The complex application of the organizational and economic mechanism considered in the article, cost management tools and lean production methods opens up prospects for the development of a cost management system at a regime industrial enterprise. Conclusion. The need to develop a cost management system is a natural process against the background of heightened international competition, especially given the transition of this competition to the military-political plane. Effective cost management at secure enterprises will contribute to solving the currently urgent tasks of increasing the competitiveness of domestic products and creating import-substituting industries.

Author(s):  
S. A. Tunin ◽  
A.V. Frolov

The article presents the results of the development and testing of cost management methods in agricultural organizations. The purpose of the activity of any organization that has set itself the task of extracting profit is its growth and increasing the efficiency of its activities. As a rule, all organizations strive to maximize their profits while minimizing the costs incurred. In modern economic conditions, such an approach is possible only with a properly constructed effective cost management system. Rational use of available resources by organizations of the agro-industrial complex with proper cost management will allow organizations to be competitive in the market and carry out their activities in the foreseeable future. The subject of the study is the cost management accounting system, the object of the organization of the agro-industrial complex of the Stavropol Territory. The information base was the forms of specialized reporting of agricultural organizations of the Stavropol Territory. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the development of a methodology for the cost management system in the agro-industrial complex organizations of the Stavropol Territory.


Author(s):  
Iryna Porsiurova ◽  

The activities of commercial enterprises in an economic imbalance requires the creation of an effective cost management system to make effective management decisions to optimize them. Terminological approaches to the definition of «cost management», which includes process and system approaches, are investigated. The interpretation of the economic category is given, so by cost management we mean a system of related functional, organizational and motivational elements, methods and mechanisms that form an integrity of management actions aimed at optimizing the level of company costs. It is determined that the activities of a trading company include external and internal environments, which together influence the adoption and implementation of management decisions to reduce costs. The cost management system of a trading company is proposed and the purpose, objects, subjects, tasks, functions and structural elements of the system are outlined. The developed cost management system will allow to systematize internal and external information flows in a set of functional subsystems and make effective management decisions to optimize the costs of the trading company. It is noted that an effective cost management system affects the formation of the financial result of the business structure and the distribution of net profit. Measures to optimize the costs of a commercial enterprise are proposed. It is expedient to create a reserve system to cover the costs of a commercial enterprise, which is aimed at: financing mandatory payments and covering costs; covering unforeseen costs and losses; in order to evenly distribute costs between periods. It is investigated that all reserves according to the method of reflection in the financial statements are divided into open and hidden. Reserves for optimization of enterprise costs are determined.


Author(s):  
Олександр Мордовцев ◽  
Таїсія Левчук

The article analyzes the problem of formation of a single, effective and universal methodological approach to cost management of an industrial enterprise as an important aspect for its success in the competitive domestic markets of Ukraine and in the conduct of foreign economic activity in the world market. The necessity of a clear understanding of the economic essence of the category "costs" is revealed and it is determined that the category "costs" is all the resources and factors of production that require accounting, expressed in monetary form, as well as used in the process of economic activity to obtain a financial result and necessary for its analysis, management decision – making, and is an internal price-forming factor. We systematize the components of the concept of "expenses". The approaches to the concept of the economic essence of costs in General covers all spheres of activity and summarizes the types of costs inherent in the enterprises of the industrial complex. The proposed definition of the category "costs" will improve the efficiency of their management; strengthen the control of their consumption; identify reserves to improve performance; improve the organization and methodology of cost accounting at the industrial enterprise. Negative factors of influence on financial and economic activity of industrial enterprises are also allocated and it is proved that efficiency of actions for reduction of expenses depends on degree of their coordination with tasks of activity and development of the enterprise. Built a mechanism for the distribution functions of the system management costs of industrial enterprises and revealed that the distribution of functions and objectives of the cost management system must be implemented in concert with management functions of an industrial enterprise. It is concluded that the cost management system of an industrial enterprise is a complex of related elements and relations in the enterprise management system, which, due to the rational use of its resources, ensure its stable functioning. Each individual element performs the corresponding functions and tasks of the cost management system. The effectiveness of the functions and tasks of the cost management system depends on the degree of feedback from the control of the cost management activities of the enterprise to its planning.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mourougavelou Vaithianathan

The cost management system is a powerful tool for managers to understand manufacturing plant performance. It is essential for any organization to develop a cost management system to estimate the product cost and to account actual cost spent for the product manufacturing. The Activity Based Costing (ABC) system has recently attracted the attention of many companies and is considered to provide better information about the cost pattern and the relationship between resources and activities. However, a survey of earlier research reveals that there are several difficulties to estimate the true product cost due to selection of overhead drivers to activities. To overcome these difficulties Temporal-ABC has been developed by Dr. K.D. Tham. In the first part of the report, costing system implementation issues are studied through real-time case studies. Then, research has been conducted and web-based proptotype application is developed using Temporal-ABC through collaboration with a world-class electronics industry - Celestica Inc. Toronto, Canada. The developed prototype demonstrates the application of Temporal-ABC for cost estimation at Celestica.


2018 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Irina Solskaya ◽  
Sergei Belomestnykh

The purpose of the study is definition and substantiation of the main development points of assessment and planning functions in the cost management system of railway transport infrastructure. Methods used in the study include general scientific analysis and synthesis, dynamic and structural analysis of economic indicators, as well as textual analysis of regulatory documents. Such approach enables to formulate industry-specific peculiarities of cost assessment based on general theoretical concepts of effective use of factors of production. The result of this study is an author's developed approach to cost management system for railway transport infrastructure.


2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Kathy Michell ◽  
Paul Bowen ◽  
Keith Cattell

The focus of the cost management literature is almost exclusively on technical issues, with scant attention to its social, political and organisational dimensions. In this paper the authors document research examining the design team as a temporary management structure, with emphasis on the efficacy of the cost management system as a vehicle for attaining client objectives with respect to time, cost and quality. Soft systems methodology is used to explore the perceptions of stakeholders to the cost management system, thus developing conceptual models of the theory and practice of cost management. Significant differences were found to exist between the perceptions of individual stakeholders concerning design team participants, participants’ roles, and the very purpose of the cost management system. Recommendations are made for structural, attitudinal and procedural changes to the cost management system in order to facilitate its effective functioning in the achievement of the client’s needs and objectives.


2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faris Elghaish ◽  
Sepehr Abrishami

PurposeIntegrated project delivery (IPD) is highly recommended to be utilised with building information management (BIM), specifically with BIM level-3 implementation process. Extant literature highlights the financial management challenges facing the proposed integration. These challenges are mainly related to the IPD compensation and the conventional cost control approaches that are not consistent with IPD principles. As such, this paper presents an integration of several methods to support automating risk/reward sharing amongst project parties thus enhancing IPD core team members’ relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe literature review was used to highlight the challenges that face the IPD-based cost management practices such as the risk sharing/reward sharing amongst IPD core team members and potential methods to bridge the revealed IPD gap. A framework was developed by integrating the activity-based costing (ABC) – as a method to analyse the cost structure – and earned value management (EVM) to develop mathematical models that can determine the three main IPD financial transactions (i.e. …) fairly. To demonstrate the applicability of the developed system, a real-life case study was used, in which, promising results were collected in regard to visualising the cost control data and understanding of the accumulative status of the project cost and schedule for team members.FindingsA centralised cost management system (CCMS) for IPD is developed to enable the IPD cost structure as well as automating the risk-sharing/reward-sharing calculations. This system is linked with a web-based management system to display the output of proposed risk-sharing/reward-sharing models. Moreover, a novel grid is developed to show the project status graphically and to respect the diversity in core team members backgrounds. In addition, the case study showed that the proposed integration of different methods (ABC, EVM, BIM and web-based management system) is interoperable and applicable.Originality/valueThis research presents a comprehensive solution to the most revealed challenges in cost management practices in IPD implementation. The outcome of this research contributes to the body of knowledge through presenting new extensions of the EVM to be used with the IPD approach to calculate risk/reward. Moreover, the implementation of the proposed tools such as centralised cost management system (CCMS) and CCMS for IPD web system will enhance/foster the implementation of the IPD in conjunction with BIM process.


2013 ◽  
Vol 380-384 ◽  
pp. 4658-4662
Author(s):  
Hua Qing Shao ◽  
Wang Bin ◽  
Yu Hui Liu

With the rapid development of petrochemical industry, it becomes an inevitable trend that petrochemical data operation cost should be controlled effectively. How to strengthen petrochemical data operation cost management has become one of the hot topics in petrochemical system. This paper presents a design method of petrochemical data cost management system based on multi-objective constraint calculation. The optimal cost control is guaranteed by using genetic algorithm for the optimal calculation solution on the constrained conditions of petrochemical data in order to achieve petrochemical data cost management task. The results of computer simulation with VC6.0 show that the system finished the cost management better and had good robustness.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
Nadiia Bohomolova ◽  
Vitalina Ovrutska

The article deals with the need to improve the cost management system of the railway transport of Ukraine in current economic conditions. Diagnostics of the cost management system demonstrated that modern methods of cost optimization have not been fully used so far. Optimization is often considered as the reduction in the resource use; therefore, due to price increase of materials and other resources, it frequently leads to negative consequences. In addition, the cost management system itself and its diagnostic tools are aimed at analyzing the past, but not shaping future development, which reduces the efficiency of financial management. The article outlines a system of principles for the formation of economically feasible costs, including the requirements of two blocks. The first block is aimed at increasing the efficiency of the cost management system as an integral part of the enterprise management system. The second one is aimed at ensuring the practice of transparency and open interaction with key stakeholders. The authors substantiate the organizational and economic approach to the implementation of segment-oriented cost management. This approach is based on (1) regulatory framework in terms of composition and specification of the costs that are not taken into account in the regulation of price and tariffs; (2) ensuring the procedures for compliance of the nomenclature of income and expenses); (3) use of systemic and situational cost management tools for adaptation and enhancing of competition policy and reforms implementation. Cost management of various segments (freight, passenger transportation, ancillary activities, etc.) requires different management forms and techniques. The provisions of the suggested conceptual approach to cost management of railway enterprises should be implemented in close accordance with two key factors - (1) the strategic principles of the railway enterprise development and (2) its revenue management system


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