Methods of calculation and testing of gas equipment. Lecture № 6. Part 6. Twst methods for equipment for LNG operation

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Cryogenic Equipment ◽  
Component Testing ◽  
Methods Of Calculation ◽  
Gas Cylinder

The results of work on the organization of a system for checking the tightness and strength of connections of components of gas-cylinder cars when using liquefied natural gas are summarized. A system for checking the tightness and conducting pressure testing of gas equipment in the conditions of the operating regulations is presented. The features of the technological process of inspection of cryogenic cylinders are summarized. Features of the test method for gas equipment components are described. The system of re-equipment of the HBA when working on LNG is considered. Test methods for LNG certification are summarized. Methods for monitoring and testing the production of LNG components are presented. Keywords liquefied natural gas; cryogenic equipment; test and operating pressure; component testing; inspection; cold and thermal crimping; cylinder insulation; LNG parameters; heat exchanger-evaporator testing

Methods of calculation and testing of gas equipment. Lecture № 6. Part 5. Test method of gas equipment for CNG operation

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Schematic Diagram ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Certification Tests ◽  
Gas Cylinder ◽  
And Control ◽  
Gas Supply

The method of testing the gas supply systems of HBA for tightness and strength of connections is described. A schematic diagram of CNG accumulation is presented. Diagrams of test stands for compressed natural gas equipment are presented. A schematic diagram of checking the tightness of a singlefuel compressed natural gas supply system is presented. The technological process of checking the tightness of gas cylinder equipment in production conditions is presented. The technological process of inspection of a highpressure cylinder is given. The scheme of certification tests of a cylindrical CNG gas cylinder is shown. The scheme of certification and control of production of CNG cylinders is given. The diagram for testing and tightness of a twostage compressed natural gas reducer is given. Keywords rules and test methods; leakproofness; certification; singlefuel and dualfuel system; compressed natural gas; test modes; certification tests of the cylinder and gas equipment components; destruction of the cylinder

scholarly journals Design and Performance Test of 2 kW Class Reverse Brayton Cryogenic System

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5089
Author(s):  
Keuntae Lee ◽  
Deuk-Yong Koh ◽  
Junseok Ko ◽  
Hankil Yeom ◽  
Chang-Hyo Son ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Cryogenic System ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Power Cables ◽  
Turbo Expander ◽  
Refrigeration Capacity

With the increased commercialization of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) power cables cooled using liquid nitrogen and the use of liquefied natural gas as fuel, the need for large-capacity reverse Brayton cryogenic systems is gradually increasing. In this paper, the thermodynamic design of a reverse Brayton cryogenic system with a cooling capacity of the 2 kW class at 77 K using neon as a refrigerant is described. Unlike conventional reverse Brayton systems, the proposed system uses a cryogenic turbo-expander, scroll compressor, and plate-type heat exchanger. The performance test conducted on the fabricated system is also described. The isentropic efficiency of the cryogenic turbo-expander was measured to be 86%, which is higher than the design specification. The effectiveness of the heat exchanger and the flow rate and operating pressure of the refrigerant were found to be lower than the design specifications. Consequently, the refrigeration capacity of the fabricated reverse Brayton cryogenic system was measured to be 1.23 kW at 77 K. In the future, we expect to achieve the targeted refrigeration capacity through further improvements. In addition, the faster commercialization of HTS power cables and more efficient storage of liquefied natural gas will be realized.

Research on Fire Test Method of High Pressure Hydrogen Storage Cylinders for Transportation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Jiepu Li ◽  
Baodi Zhao ◽  
Chunlin Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Fire Test ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Industry Chain ◽  
Gas Cylinder ◽  
Fire Condition ◽  
Chinese Standard ◽  
Gas Cylinders

Abstract As important equipment in the entire hydrogen industry chain, composite hydrogen storage cylinders for transportation have developed rapidly in recent years. The fire test is used to verify the explosion resistance of gas cylinders under specified fire conditions. Compared to steel gas cylinder, composite gas cylinder is more dangerous in the fire condition. The wound layer, as the main pressure-bearing structure of the composite hydrogen storage cylinder, is inflammable. In the case of fire, the mechanical properties of the cylinder will degrade quickly due to the high temperature. If the gas inside the cylinder cannot be discharged in time, the cylinder explosion will occur. Currently, some relevant standards or standard drafts have been drawn up by the international organizations, which are useful for formulating Chinese standard for hydrogen storage cylinders for transportation. The applicable scope of the standards was discussed in this paper, such as composite cylinder type, working pressure, nominal volume and design life, etc. The fire test methods of composite gas cylinders in various standards were compared and analyzed, such as experiment method, cylinder placement method, cylinder filling requirements, fuel selection, fire source setting, temperature measurement requirements, and qualified indicators, etc. Finally, the challenges for development of composite hydrogen storage cylinders and compressed hydrogen storage systems in China were proposed.

scholarly journals Design and Investigation into the Thermal and Mechanical Performance of a Polymer Composite Prototype Gas-Liquid Heat Exchanger

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Processing Application ◽  
Gas Processing ◽  
Natural Gas Processing ◽  
Liquid Heat

Seawater-cooled metallic heat exchangers used in natural gas processing are prone to corrosion and fouling, resulting in increased operational and maintenance costs. A lab-scale polymer composite gas-liquid webbed tube bank heat exchanger is designed and evaluated for application in conditions representative of a fielded natural gas processing application. The heat exchanger thermal performance and structural integrity are investigated numerically using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite element (FE) models, respectively. For polymer composite thermal conductivities above 20 W/m-K, in forced gas-side convection, the exchanger heat transfer rate is comparable to that of a high conductivity conventional metallic heat exchanger having the same geometry, at reduced materials, manufacturing and operational costs. In addition, the prototype heat exchanger would be structurally reliable at the maximum envisaged gas-side operating pressure for the application considered.

Exploring M & Y Gasket Factors and Their Degree of Correlation With Proposed PVRC Gasket Factors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale A. Rice ◽  
A. Fitzgerald Waterland ◽  
Anita R. Bausman
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Test Standards ◽  
Section Viii ◽  
Yield Factor ◽  
Flexible Graphite

The well-known gasket factors, m & y were introduced in 1943 as per ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1 for purposes of flange design. The test procedure for determining these factors, ASTM Standard F586, was published in 1979 but then ultimately withdrawn in 1998 with the assumption that these test standards would be replaced by a new test method and with it the generation of improved gasket constants. The original m & y constants had several shortcomings including the fact that many of the listed values assumed asbestos fiber gaskets while new gasket materials such as PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) and FG (flexible graphite) were not addressed. Additionally, gasket manufacturers were allowed to publish m and y values for their own specific gasket materials and styles using their own test methods, thus dispensing with industry-wide standardization. ASTM Method F3149-15, “Standard Practice for Determining the Maintenance Factor (m) and Yield Factor (y) Loading Constants Applicable to Gasket Materials and Designs” represents an improvement over F586 but is not linked to standardized tightness levels. The proposed PVRC method with a new set of gasket constants is based on a load versus leakage test standard known as ROTT (Room Temperature Tightness Test). Following the ROTT method, ASTM WK39360, “New Test Method for Leak Rates Versus Y Stresses and M Factors for Gaskets derived from the Room Temperature Test Practice”, is being contemplated. This paper provides a review of the past inconsistencies of m & y values as published as well as an initial assessment of the degree of correlation between m & y values and tightness calculations achieved through the use of a previously documented fugitive emissions calculator for gasket materials which makes use of published ROTT data, and the operating pressure, flange NPS, gasket stress, and other inputs.

Parametric Study of a Horizontal Tube Heat Exchanger for LNG Submerged Combustion Vaporiser

2014 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 667-677
Author(s):  
Qing Li ◽  
Zhi Yin Duan ◽  
Qing Yu Wang ◽  
Rong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Horizontal Tube ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Tube Heat Exchanger ◽  
Submerged Combustion

LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) submerged combustion vaporiser is applied to convert Liquefied natural gas to gas phase natural gas through using the hot combustion gas generated from submerged combustion. This paper investigated the vaporisation and heat transfer process of a single horizontal tube, a simplified model, to simulate the heat transfer of circular tube heat exchanger used in LNG submerged combustion vaporiser. This work provides a useful computer model for the design of heat exchanger used in LNG submerged combustion vaporiser. The overall heat transfer and vaporisation process of the tube was separated into single-phase liquid, two-phase mixture and single-phase vapour heat transfer regions for calculation and analysis. Through development of a dedicated computer model, a parametric study was carried out to analyse the effects of geometrical size and operating conditions on inner surface convective heat transfer of tube. The results of study suggested that the preferable tube surface temperature for design was found between 280 K and 288 K in order to avoid frost deposition. The minimum tube length required for the overall vaporisation is predicted to be about 16 m when the inner tube diameter set between 0.24 m and 0.28 m.

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