Methods of calculation and testing of gas equipment. Lecture № 6. Part 5. Test method of gas equipment for CNG operation

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Schematic Diagram ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Certification Tests ◽  
Gas Cylinder ◽  
And Control ◽  
Gas Supply

The method of testing the gas supply systems of HBA for tightness and strength of connections is described. A schematic diagram of CNG accumulation is presented. Diagrams of test stands for compressed natural gas equipment are presented. A schematic diagram of checking the tightness of a singlefuel compressed natural gas supply system is presented. The technological process of checking the tightness of gas cylinder equipment in production conditions is presented. The technological process of inspection of a highpressure cylinder is given. The scheme of certification tests of a cylindrical CNG gas cylinder is shown. The scheme of certification and control of production of CNG cylinders is given. The diagram for testing and tightness of a twostage compressed natural gas reducer is given. Keywords rules and test methods; leakproofness; certification; singlefuel and dualfuel system; compressed natural gas; test modes; certification tests of the cylinder and gas equipment components; destruction of the cylinder

Means of filling gas-cylinder cars with compressed natural gas. Lecture № 8. Design features of stationary automobile gas filling compressor stations (CNG Stations)

2021 ◽  
pp. 246-262
Author(s):  
V.I. Erokhov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Automated System ◽  
General View ◽  
Schematic Diagram ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Filling Station ◽  
Gas Cylinder ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Functional Components

The classification and standard8size range of modern automobile gas-filling compressor stations (CNG stations) are given. A fragment of the CNG filling station master plan is presented. A schematic diagram of the architectural and planning solutions of a stationary CNG station has been developed. The features of compressed natural gas (CNG) production are summarized. A block diagram of a typical automated system of technological processes of CNG filling stations is presented. The basic, functional and technological scheme of the CNG filling station is given. The design scheme and drive of the multi-stage compressor are developed. The general view and schematic diagram of the gas filling column and its functional components are presented. Keywords compressed natural gas, architectural and planning solutions, classification and characteristics of CNG filling stations, multi-stage compressor, electric drive of the compressor, technological and functional equipment, gas filling column

Methods of calculation and testing of gas equipment. Lecture № 6. Part 6. Twst methods for equipment for LNG operation

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Cryogenic Equipment ◽  
Component Testing ◽  
Methods Of Calculation ◽  
Gas Cylinder

The results of work on the organization of a system for checking the tightness and strength of connections of components of gas-cylinder cars when using liquefied natural gas are summarized. A system for checking the tightness and conducting pressure testing of gas equipment in the conditions of the operating regulations is presented. The features of the technological process of inspection of cryogenic cylinders are summarized. Features of the test method for gas equipment components are described. The system of re-equipment of the HBA when working on LNG is considered. Test methods for LNG certification are summarized. Methods for monitoring and testing the production of LNG components are presented. Keywords liquefied natural gas; cryogenic equipment; test and operating pressure; component testing; inspection; cold and thermal crimping; cylinder insulation; LNG parameters; heat exchanger-evaporator testing

Concept and principles of building an integrated system of management of activities of regional gas supply system entities Kaliningrad region

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
G.G. Arunyants
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Geographically Distributed ◽  
Basic Solutions ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
And Control ◽  
Gas Supply

The results of analysis of problems of regulation of gas supply complex of Kaliningrad region and main ways to increase its efficiency, as well as basic solutions for creation of a software complex Т-GAZ-2 automated calculation of natural gas tariffs for ACS of gas supply system subjects, geographically distributed and information connected to the regional automated information and control system (RAIS).

Research on Fire Test Method of High Pressure Hydrogen Storage Cylinders for Transportation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Jiepu Li ◽  
Baodi Zhao ◽  
Chunlin Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Fire Test ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Industry Chain ◽  
Gas Cylinder ◽  
Fire Condition ◽  
Chinese Standard ◽  
Gas Cylinders

Abstract As important equipment in the entire hydrogen industry chain, composite hydrogen storage cylinders for transportation have developed rapidly in recent years. The fire test is used to verify the explosion resistance of gas cylinders under specified fire conditions. Compared to steel gas cylinder, composite gas cylinder is more dangerous in the fire condition. The wound layer, as the main pressure-bearing structure of the composite hydrogen storage cylinder, is inflammable. In the case of fire, the mechanical properties of the cylinder will degrade quickly due to the high temperature. If the gas inside the cylinder cannot be discharged in time, the cylinder explosion will occur. Currently, some relevant standards or standard drafts have been drawn up by the international organizations, which are useful for formulating Chinese standard for hydrogen storage cylinders for transportation. The applicable scope of the standards was discussed in this paper, such as composite cylinder type, working pressure, nominal volume and design life, etc. The fire test methods of composite gas cylinders in various standards were compared and analyzed, such as experiment method, cylinder placement method, cylinder filling requirements, fuel selection, fire source setting, temperature measurement requirements, and qualified indicators, etc. Finally, the challenges for development of composite hydrogen storage cylinders and compressed hydrogen storage systems in China were proposed.

scholarly journals Simulation model of natural gas supply chain in a function of costs optimization: the case of Croatia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Šebalj
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hourly Basis ◽  
Gas Supply

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to develop a natural gas simulation model for costs optimization. The main focus of the model is on the transmission system since its imbalance leads to the penalties which must be paid by the suppliers. The total nominated amount of natural gas (the gas injected into the transmission system) must be consumed (withdrawn from the system) in order for the system to be in balance. In practice, this is not the case since it is very hard to accurately predict the future hourly consumption (in order to make a nomination) and certain deviations appear which leads to the imbalance. However, this problem could be solved by introducing a special electromotor valve which would be placed at the beginning of the distribution system and control the accumulation of the system. To test this solution, a simulation model was created using Arena Simulation tool. Data for the simulation model are collected by the natural gas distributor and consist of natural gas consumption and nomination values for one measuring-reduction station on the hourly basis. Thus, the final dataset includes 8.754 records. The separate As-Is and To-Be models for seven (summer) months were made and the results were compared. The simulation experiment shows that the positive rebalancing energy would be reduced by 32%, and the negative one by 34%. The created model can serve as a good initial step for the analysis of the justification of investment in the implementation of a technical solution that would manage the accumulation of the distribution system.

Assessment of the Impact of Applying a Non-Factory Dual-Fuel (Diesel/Natural Gas) Installation on the Traction Properties and Emissions of Selected Exhaust Components of a Road Semi-Trailer Truck Unit

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8001
Author(s):  
Mirosław Karczewski ◽  
Marcin Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Engine Wear ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gas Supply

Problems such as global warming and rising oil prices are driving the implementation of ideas to reduce liquid fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. One of them is the use of natural gas as an energy source. It is a hydrocarbon fuel with properties that allow the reduction of CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) emissions during combustion. Solutions are being implemented that allow for the use of natural gas to means of transport, namely in trucks of various categories and intended use. These installations are used in new vehicles, but also in the form of conversion for used cars, usually several years old. The article presents the results of tests of an engine from a used semi-trailer truck with a mileage of approx. 800 thousand km, with the compressed natural gas supply system installed. This installation (hardware and software), depending on the engine operating conditions, enables the replacement of up to 80% of diesel (base fuel) with natural gas. The impact of changing the fuel supply method on the traction characteristics calculated with the use of external characteristics of both conventional and dual-fuel mode was assessed. The emissions of exhaust gas components were also determined under the conditions of the UNECE Regulation No. 49. The test results confirm that compared to conventional fueling, dual fueling allows for a significant reduction in CO2 emissions, even in a used vehicle with high mileage. The use of a non-factory installation did not significantly affect the traction properties of the vehicle, and engine wear is of greater importance in this case (comparison with factory data). The work is a valuable supplement to the results of the research in which the impact of the use of a non-factory CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) supply system on the performance of a semi-trailer truck unit equipped with such an installation was assessed compared to a semi-trailer truck unit powered in a classic way with diesel fuel.

Structural Design and Stress Analysis of a Fully-Wrapped Composite CNG Gas Cylinder With Nominal Working Pressure of 30 MPa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqiang Qin ◽  
Lin Liang ◽  
Xiaobing Zhang ◽  
Guide Deng ◽  
Haifeng Liang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Cylinder ◽  
Helical Winding ◽  
Steel Liner ◽  
Autofrettage Pressure

Abstract China is the world’s largest user of compressed natural gas vehicles, with a total of nearly 6 million compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles. The nominal working pressure of the cylinders used in the CNG vehicles in China is 20 MPa, as a result, CNG vehicles have a short range. In order to improve the range of CNG vehicles, the development of CNG vehicles with higher pressure is promoted by the CNG vehicle industry in China nowadays. In this paper, structural design of a fully-wrapped composite CNG gas cylinder with nominal working pressure of 30 MPa are carried out. The steel liner is made of 4130X seamless steel with design wall thickness of 5.9 mm, and the outer surface of steel liner is wrapped with resin based glass fiber composite material. The fully-wrapped composite adopts mixed fiber winding mode: low-angle helical winding, high-angle helical winding and hoop winding. Stress analysis and autofrettage pressure optimization of the designed composite gas cylinder are carried out with finite element method. The results show that the designed composite gas cylinder meets the requirements of ISO 11439-2013, and the best autofrettage pressure of the gas cylinder is 52 MPa after optimizing the autofrettage pressure.

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