scholarly journals Revisiting the History of Chagas Disease: "Live to tell"

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ademir Batista da Cunha ◽  
Delma Maria Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Maternal Chagas Disease and Vertical Transmission in a Bolivian Hospital

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa D Klein ◽  
Freddy Tinajeros ◽  
María del Carmen Menduiña ◽  
Edith Málaga ◽  
Beth J Condori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Lower Education Level ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Vertical transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi infection accounts for a growing proportion of new cases of Chagas disease. Better risk stratification is needed to predict which women are more likely to transmit the infection. Methods This study enrolled women and their infants at the Percy Boland Women’s Hospital in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Pregnant women were screened for Chagas disease by rapid test and received confirmatory serology. Infants of seropositive mothers underwent diagnostic testing with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results Among 5,828 enrolled women, 1,271 (21.8%) screened positive for Chagas disease. Older maternal age, family history of Chagas disease, home conditions, lower education level, and history of living in a rural area were significantly associated with higher adjusted odds of maternal infection. Of the 1,325 infants of seropositive mothers, 65 infants (4.9%) were diagnosed with congenital Chagas disease. Protective factors against transmission included Cesarean delivery (adjusted OR [aOR]: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.36-0.99) and family history of Chagas disease (aOR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.34-0.99). Twins were significantly more likely to be congenitally infected than singleton births (OR: 3.32, 95% CI: 1.60-6.90). Among congenitally infected infants, 32.3% had low birth weight, and 30.8% required hospitalization after birth. Conclusions Although improved access to screening and qPCR increased the number of infants diagnosed with congenital Chagas disease, many infants remain undiagnosed. A better understanding of risk factors and improved access to highly sensitive and specific diagnostic techniques for congenital Chagas disease may help improve regional initiatives to reduce disease burden.

scholarly journals Usefulness of serology for the evaluation of Trypanosoma cruzi transmission in endemic areas of Chagas' disease

1989 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Chuit ◽  
Elisabet Subias ◽  
Analia C. Pérez ◽  
Irene Paulone ◽  
Cristina Wisnivesky-Colli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Tissue Culture Media ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination ◽  
History Of

Thirteen communities from 7 Argentinian provinces were selected for the evaluation of serology as an indicator of transmission of Chagas disease. Of the communities appraised, 6 did not have a history of previous treatment with insecticides and 7 had received sporadic or continuous insecticide treatment. The inhabitants of 20% of the houses of each locality were studied by serology. The samples were obtained byfinger pricking and 50 fil of blood were mixed with 150μl of 50% glycerine solution in tissue culture media to be assayed by Indirect Hemagglutination and Indirect Immunofluorescence tests. In untreated areas, the prevalence of infection in infants 0-4 years old was 17.5%, reaching to over 22% for the 5-9 year old group, and to 33.3% in 10-14 year old individuals. The prevalence in treated and surveyed areas was 2.6% in 0-4 year old children, 5.4% in 5-9 year old and 6,2% in 10-14 year old youngsters. The differences between both areas were statistically significant (p < 0.005). This study favors serology as a valid indicator for the evaluation of transmission of Chagas disease in rural areas.

scholarly journals Chagasic meningoencephalitis in the immunodeficient

1998 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAZO JAVIER ◽  
ANTONIO CARLOS OLIVEIRA MENESES ◽  
ADEMIR ROCHA ◽  
MARCELO SIMÃO FERREIRA ◽  
JAIME OLAVO MARQUEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain

Based on their own experience and on the literature, the authors compare the brain pathology due to HIV+ associated Trypanosoma cruzi reactived infection to that described for the natural history of the Chagas' disease (CD). The peculiar focal necrotizing chagasic meningoencephalitis (MECNF) which appears only in immunedeficient chagasics, especially when the deficiency is due HIV is a safe criterion for reactivation of CD. MECNF morphologic findings are unlike to those found either for some cases of acute phase CD or for chronic nervous form of CD.

scholarly journals The indeterminate form of human chronic Chagas' disease: a clinical epidemological review

1989 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Carlos Pinto Dias
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Classical Concept ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Indeterminate Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chronic Chagas Disease

Data on the epidemiology and the natural history of the indeterminate form of human chronic Chagas' disease (IFCCD) are discussed, revealing its great importance in endemic areas of Brazil. The work shows that IFCCD presents a gradual and very slow course, causing a benign picture in the studied patients. Evolution patterns, prognostic and anatomopathological features are also discussed. For practical purposes, the classical concept of IFCCD proved to be simple, operational and consistent, It is defined by the absence of symptoms and clinical findings in chronic infected patients with positive serology and/or parasitological examinations for Trypanosoma cruzi coupled with normal electrocardiographic and radiological exams (heart, oesophagus and colon X-Rays). If a patient is submitted to more rigorous and sophisticated tests, these can reveal some alterations, generally small ones and unable to interfere with the prognosis of the infection. It is suggested that research lines specially related to the evolution ary factors and immunological involvement during this phase be adopted.

Trypanosoma cruzi Discrete Typing Units in Chagas disease patients from endemic and non-endemic regions of Argentina

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. I. CURA ◽  
R. H. LUCERO ◽  
M. BISIO ◽  
E. OSHIRO ◽  
L. B. FORMICHELLI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Kidney Transplant Patient ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Cardiac Tissues ◽  
Taxonomical Status ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients ◽  
History Of

SUMMARYGenetic diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi may play a role in pathogenesis of Chagas disease forms. Natural populations are classified into 6 Discrete Typing Units (DTUs) Tc I-VI with taxonomical status. This study aimed to identify T. cruzi DTUs in bloodstream and tissue samples of Argentinean patients with Chagas disease. PCR-based strategies allowed DTU identification in 256 clinical samples from 239 Argentinean patients. Tc V prevailed in blood from both asymptomatic and symptomatic cases and Tc I was more frequent in bloodstream, cardiac tissues and chagoma samples from immunosuppressed patients. Tc II and VI were identified in a minority of cases, while Tc III and Tc IV were not detected in the studied population. Interestingly, Tc I and Tc II/VI sequences were amplified from the same skin biopsy slice from a kidney transplant patient suffering Chagas disease reactivation. Further data also revealed the occurrence of mixed DTU populations in the human chronic infection. In conclusion, our findings provide evidence of the complexity of the dynamics of T. cruzi diversity in the natural history of human Chagas disease and allege the pathogenic role of DTUs I, II, V and VI in the studied population.

Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Prevalence and Bloodmeal Analysis in Triatomine Vectors of Chagas Disease From Rural Peridomestic Locations in Texas, 2013–2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 911-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodion Gorchakov ◽  
Lillian P. Trosclair ◽  
Edward J. Wozniak ◽  
Patricia T. Feria ◽  
Melissa N. Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
High Infection ◽  
History Of

Abstract Protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas, 1909) is the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, which affects millions of people in Latin America. Recently, the disease has been gaining attention in Texas and the southern United States. Transmission cycle of the parasite involves alternating infection between insect vectors and vertebrate hosts (including humans, wildlife, and domestic animals). To evaluate vector T. cruzi parasite burden and feeding patterns, we tested triatomine vectors from 23 central, southern, and northeastern counties of Texas. Out of the 68 submitted specimens, the majority were genetically identified as Triatoma gerstaeckeri (Stal, 1859), with a few samples of Triatoma sanguisuga (LeConte, 1855), Triatoma lecticularia (Stal, 1859), Triatoma rubida (Uhler, 1894), and Triatoma protracta woodi (Usinger, 1939). We found almost two-thirds of the submitted insects were polymerase chain reaction-positive for T. cruzi. Bloodmeal sources were determined for most of the insects, and 16 different species of mammals were identified as hosts. The most prevalent type of bloodmeal was human, with over half of these insects found to be positive for T. cruzi. High infection rate of the triatomine vectors combined with high incidence of feeding on humans highlight the importance of Chagas disease surveillance in Texas. With our previous findings of autochthonous transmission of Chagas disease, urgent measures are needed to increase public awareness, vector control in and around homes, and Chagas screening of residents who present with a history of a triatomine exposure.

History of the Discovery of American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease)

2010 ◽  
pp. 3-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania C. de Araujo-Jorge ◽  
Jenny Telleria ◽  
Jaime Rios-Dalenz
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
American Trypanosomiasis ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals The history of Chagas disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar Steverding
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Chagasic meningoencephalitis: case report of a recently included AIDS-defining illness in Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine Madalosso ◽  
Alessandra C. Guedes Pellini ◽  
Marileide J. Vasconcelos ◽  
Ana Freitas Ribeiro ◽  
Leonardo Weissmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Previous Disease

Recently, reactivation of Chagas disease (meningoencephalitis and/or myocarditis) was included in the list of AIDS-defining illnesses in Brazil. We report a case of a 52-year-old patient with no history of previous disease who presented acute meningoencephalitis. Direct examination of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed Trypanosoma cruzi. CSF culture confirmed the diagnosis. Serological assays for T. cruzi and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were positive. Despite treatment with benznidazol and supportive measures, the patient died 24 hours after hospital admission. In endemic areas, reactivation of Chagas disease should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of meningoencephalitis among HIV-infected patients, and its presence is indicative of AIDS.

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