Masters of Illusion: Bank and Regulatory Accounting for Losses in Distressed Banks

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Edward J. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Federal Reserve ◽  
Central Banking ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Know How ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

This essay is part of a larger work on the history of Federal Reserve policymaking entitled Banking on Bull. The study seeks to explain why the instruments of central banking inevitably break down over time. A big part of the explanation is that policymakers want accounting measures of bank net worth to be flexible enough to allow bankers and regulators to slow the release of adverse information about distressed banks, particularly very large ones. Modern regulatory frameworks focus on maintaining what can be described as the adequacy of accounting capital. But this framework is bull, because in tough times, bank accountants know how to make losses disappear.

scholarly journals A Century of US Central Banking: Goals, Frameworks, Accountability

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben S Bernanke
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Federal Reserve ◽  
Central Banking ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Several key episodes in the 100-year history of the Federal Reserve have been referred to in various contexts with the adjective “Great” attached to them: the Great Experiment of the Federal Reserve's founding, the Great Depression, the Great Inflation and subsequent disinflation, the Great Moderation, and the recent Great Recession. Here, I'll use this sequence of “Great” episodes to discuss the evolution over the past 100 years of three key aspects of Federal Reserve policymaking: the goals of policy, the policy framework, and accountability and communication. The changes over time in these three areas provide a useful perspective, I believe, on how the role and functioning of the Federal Reserve have changed since its founding in 1913, as well as some lessons for the present and for the future.

Time and Eternity in Origen’s Thinking as Work Paradigm of Thought for Contemporary Society

DIALOGO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-289
Author(s):  
Ionuț Vlădescu
Keyword(s):  
Time Measurement ◽  
Value Of Time ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Know How ◽  
Main Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complex Matter ◽  
Difficult Subject ◽  
Over Time

"Time has always been one of the top priorities and permanent concerns of humanity. It is a controversial and difficult subject to the frame by the philosophers of Antiquity and by the scientists of our day. The problem of defining time has raised questions about the essence, origin, content, meaning and value of time. Studies of Time represent a complex and ever-actual subject. Over time, different attempts to define time have been made, all referring only to a certain kind of time and not to time itself. In this regard, Solomon Marcus said the following: “As easily as we intuit it, as difficult as we conceptualize it, no one has been able to define it”[1], showing the difficulty of trying to define this strange impenetrable category. Thus, people know how to quantify the time elapsed between two events, but they do not know how to define it or explain time as a “moment.”[2] To live time is natural and easy, but when it is meant to be questioned and discussed, it turns into a misleading, imprecise, even more complex matter. “Even the modern attempts of time measurement, which today seems to us to be a common fact, has a history of the most complicated and contradictory thinking “[3]. The questions: what is time? and does Eternity exist? remain the main work paradigm of thought for Contemporary Society."

Decision Making in Brazil and Emerging Technologies: The Case of 18F-FDG

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willy de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Problem ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Know How ◽  
History Of ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
The Right ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Over Time

The article recalls the history of the development of Fluor FDG in Brazil. Important facts that impacted this development and how this technology evolved considering a time span of more than ten years, starting from 1996, are presented in this paper. Five decisions made between 2004 and 2005 were selected and analyzed from the perspective of knowledge that a key decision maker has developed around the main elements of a decision - problem, objectives, alternatives, consequences, risks approach, and linked decisions. In conclusion, this case shows that experienced decision makers can make quality decisions when they are equipped with the appropriate information, align the relevant decisions taken over time, know how to use the right tactics at the right time and with all participants in decision making. Experienced decision makers identify opportunities where there seem to be problems, review the current strategies and visualize new strategies, and prepare themselves adequately to deal with the uncertainties.

Deeds and Doctrines of the Central Bankers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louçã Francisco ◽  
Ash Michael
Keyword(s):  
Federal Reserve ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Central Banking ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Soft Money ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Great Crash ◽  
Central Bankers

Chapter 6 locates historically the doctrine and practice of central bank independence. It uses the illustrious career of Alan Greenspan, former Chair of the US Federal Reserve to introduce a history of central banking. Greenspan advocated ceaselessly for the deregulation of finance thanks to his faith in private decision makers keeping an eye on themselves and their debtors. That faith that was shattered by the crisis of 2007–8. A history of US banking shows how banking has swung between hard money and soft money. Finance serves the powerful but has always been contested ground, be it between competing elites such as agrarian and financial-industrial interests fighting over the first central banks of the United States, or between an elite and the dispossessed after the Great Crash of 1929. Brief histories of banking in several European countries are provided.

Effect of a new cancer diagnosis on labor force participation (LFP): Has there been a change over time?

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18004-e18004
Author(s):  
Amy J. Davidoff ◽  
Linda F. Cantley ◽  
Deron H. Galusha
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Wave Condition ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Heart Condition

e18004 Background: Health shocks, such as a new cancer diagnosis, have been shown to reduce LFP in working adults. Over the past decade, there have economic swings, retirement age has increased, while newer cancer treatments may be less toxic or disabling. We update prior estimates of LFP responses, and assess whether patterns changed over time. Methods: Adults from the 1998-2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) who were aged 51+ yrs and working in 1998 or at HRS cohort entry in 2004 or 2010, were followed until their LFP decreased. Decreased LFP was defined as a switch from fulltime work, or a 10 hour or 25% decrease in hours worked. We created time varying indicators for health conditions (cancer, heart condition, lung disease, stroke) newly reported or worsened since the prior wave, condition history, demographics, net worth, and insurance coverage. We estimated discrete Cox proportional hazard survival models for the full sample, and with person-wave observations stratified pre/post 2008. Results: Among 13,918 working adults, mean age was 56 years, 45% women; health history included 5.3% cancer, 9.5% heart condition, 4.1% lung disease, 1.5% stroke; new health conditions included 2.9% cancer, 4.7% heart, 2.3% lung, and 1.3% stroke. Newly reported or worsened cancer, heart and lung disease were associated with similar risk of LFP decrease (see table). Prior history of lung disease, diabetes, arthritis and psychiatric disorders were associated with LFP decreases, but cancer was not. There was no difference in the effect of a new condition on LFP pre/post 2008. Conclusions: Many working adults reported preexisting health conditions. New diagnoses or worsening of cancer and other serious health conditions were associated with LFP reductions, although a longer term history of cancer was not associated with LFP changes. [Table: see text]

Life as a Raw Material: Illusions of Control

Somatechnics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oron Catts ◽  
Ionat Zurr
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Cognitive Engineering ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Short History ◽  
Know How ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

The paper discusses and critiques the concept of the single engineering paradigm. This concepts allude to a future in which the control of matter and life, and life as matter, will be achieved by applying engineering principles; through nanotechnology, synthetic biology and, as some suggest, geo-engineering, cognitive engineering and neuro-engineering. We outline some issues in the short history of the field labelled as Synthetic Biology. Furthermore; we examine the way engineers, scientists, designers and artists are positioned and articulating the use of the tools of Synthetic Biology to expose some of the philosophical, ethical and political forces and considerations of today as well as some future scenarios. We suggest that one way to enable the possibilities of alternative frames of thought is to open up the know-how and the access to these technologies to other disciplines, including artistic.

The Path of Standard Albanian Language Formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-115
Author(s):  
Sindorela Doli Kryeziu
Keyword(s):  
Single Unit ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Language History ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
Cultural Body ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Language Literature

Abstract In our paper we will talk about the whole process of standardization of the Albanian language, where it has gone through a long historical route, for almost a century.When talking about standard Albanian language history and according to Albanian language literature, it is often thought that the Albanian language was standardized in the Albanian Language Orthography Congress, held in Tirana in 1972, or after the publication of the Orthographic Rules (which was a project at that time) of 1967 and the decisions of the Linguistic Conference, a conference of great importance that took place in Pristina, in 1968. All of these have influenced chronologically during a very difficult historical journey, until the standardization of the Albanian language.Considering a slightly wider and more complex view than what is often presented in Albanian language literature, we will try to describe the path (history) of the standard Albanian formation under the influence of many historical, political, social and cultural factors that are known in the history of the Albanian people. These factors have contributed to the formation of a common state, which would have, over time, a common standard language.It is fair to think that "all activity in the development of writing and the Albanian language, in the field of standardization and linguistic planning, should be seen as a single unit of Albanian culture, of course with frequent manifestations of specific polycentric organization, either because of divisions within the cultural body itself, or because of the external imposition"(Rexhep Ismajli," In Language and for Language ", Dukagjini, Peja, 1998, pp. 15-18.)

The death of Sergey Esenin: A forensic’s view of the cultural and historical event

2018 ◽  
pp. 153-165
Author(s):  
L. V. Bertovsky ◽  
V. M. Klyueva ◽  
A. L. Lisovetsky
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Know How ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
History Of

Sergey Esenin’s tragic end is widely known and provokes disputes to this day. The official reports put it down as a suicide. The incident could be analyzed more effectively by means of an interdisciplinary approach using the latest forensic know-how. The documented circumstances of Esenin’s death, found in recorded testimonies and interviews, as well as the materials of the Russian National Esenin Committee of Writers, are examined through the author’s own classification of forensically relevant evidence of suicide. The analysis reveals that suicide remains the most probable version. Far from solving this incident for good, these conclusions may become an important forensic contribution to the history of Russian culture.

Transocean and the History of Tax Inversions

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Susan M. Albring ◽  
Randal J. Elder ◽  
Mitchell A. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Corporate Income Taxes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jobs Act ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT The first tax inversion in 1983 was followed by small waves of subsequent inversion activity, including two inversions completed by Transocean. Significant media and political attention focused on transactions made by U.S. multinational corporations that were primarily designed to reduce U.S. corporate income taxes. As a result, the U.S. government took several actions to limit inversion activity. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA) significantly lowered U.S. corporate tax rates and one expected impact of TCJA is a reduction of inversion activity. Students use the Transocean inversions to understand the reasons why companies complete a tax inversion and how the U.S. tax code affects inversion activity. Students also learn about the structure of inversion transactions and how they have changed over time as the U.S. government attempted to limit them. Students also assess the tax and economic impacts of inversion transactions to evaluate tax policy.

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