scholarly journals Restorative justice as an element of criminal protection of children’s rights

2020 ◽  
pp. 383-386
Author(s):  
Igor Svietlichnyi
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Young People ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Legal Representative ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Criminal Protection ◽  
Relevant Work

The article covers the issues of criminal law protection of the rights of minors in criminal proceedings, some problems of implementationof the principles of restorative justice for minors. In the context of social naturalism, the use of restorative justice for minorsis considered.The criminal process is the most traumatic for the psyche of children. A lawyer is the only person without whom it is impossibleto conduct criminal proceedings with a child. Unfortunately, all other people may be absent. In some cases, the child’s parents, next ofkin or legal representatives do not appear in court, and the participation of the appointed legal representative remains formal.As a matter of priority, in order to improve the situation regarding the criminal law protection of the rights of minors, it is expedientto start discussing systemic changes in national legislation and relevant work, including social work, which will create a basis forimproving the protection of juvenile rights in criminal proceedings.In conclusion, it should be concluded that only if all participants in criminal proceedings involving a child fully exercise their rightsand properly perform their duties, the tasks of such criminal proceedings will be performed and the child’s rights will be reliably protected.Given the above, it can be reasonably argued that in the current legislation of Ukraine (as of the date of this article) there areproblems of criminal protection of minors in criminal proceedings, problems of implementation of the principles of restorative justicefor minors, including the issue of exemption from criminal liability. Ways to solve problematic issues are analyzed.Some gaps in legislation that restrict or violate the rights of children in criminal proceedings need further settlement, includingin accordance with Council of Europe priorities. Proposals to improve the legislation include the introduction of the concept of “youngpeople” (up to 21 years) and the expansion of the possibility of releasing young people from criminal liability or punishment in case ofcommitting certain serious crimes.

IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTRONIC MONITORING OF SENTENCED PERSONS IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
JAROSLAV KLÁTIK ◽  
◽  
LIBOR KLIMEK
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Electronic Monitoring ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
European Level ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third

The work deals with implementation of electronic monitoring of sentenced persons in the Slovak Republic. It is divided into eight sections. The first section introduces restorative justice as a prerequisite of electronic monitoring in criminal proceedings. While the second section points out at the absence of legal regulation of electronic monitoring of sentenced persons at European level, the third section points out at recommendations of the Council of Europe addressed to European States. The fourth section analyses relevant alternative punishments in Slovak criminal justice. The fifth section introduces early beginnings of implementation of concerned system - the pilot project “Electronic Personnel Monitoring System” of the Ministry of Justice of the Slovak Republic. While the sixth section is focused on Slovak national law regulating electronic monitoring of sentenced persons - the Act No. 78/2015 Coll. on Control of the Enforcement of Certain Decisions by Technical Instruments, the seventh section is focused on further amendments of Slovak national law - namely the Act No. 321/2018 Coll. and the Act No. 214/2019 Coll. The last eight section introduces costs of system implementation and its operation.

scholarly journals Criminal protection of young people from alcoholism in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Crimen ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-298
Author(s):  
Suad Orlić ◽  
Sadmir Karović
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Decisive Influence ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Criminal Protection

Alcoholism or alcohol abuse and indulgence in alcohol is one of the most prevalent antisocial phenomena in young people and one of the main causes of their criminal behavior. Namely, there is an increasing tendency for young people to abuse and consume alcohol and to indulge in alcohol frequently as well as the incidence of committing criminal offenses by young people under the decisive influence of alcohol. The paper elaborates the criminal law aspects of protecting young people from alcoholism or alcohol abuse and points out problem of uneven and inadequate legislation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and gives appropriate proposals for changes to existing solution in order to achieve better and more effective criminal law protection of young people from alcohol abuse.

scholarly journals Społeczna szkodliwość — dziedzictwo komunizmu w polskim prawie karnym?

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-179
Author(s):  
Wojciech Zalewski
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Harmfulness ◽  
Second World

The introduction of social harmfulness (social danger) to Polish criminal law after the Second World War was politically motivated. For many, this circumstance was sufficient to formulate postulates about the necessity to remove this premise of criminal liability. Social harmfulness still remains controversial today. Before, criminal law was seen as a tool. Currently, it is to be an ultima ratio. It is clear that determining the essence of the crime and its nature, introducing into the law “what belongs to literature”, was necessary in the legal system of a totalitarian state, imposing its views and morals on society. In a legal system of a democratic state, a state ruled by law, a statutory ideological declaration regarding the essence of a crime seems redundant. However, changing the nomenclature is not enough here — there is a possibility of weakening the guaranteeing criminal law function. The social harmfulness premise contributes to the heterogeneity of jurisprudence, even in cases concerning serious crimes. The author is of the opinion that limiting the number of minor cases from the point of view of the state’s right to punish, which paralyzes the judiciary with their sheer number, should take place in a different way than introducing the social harmfulness of an act as a criterion determining the culpability. The currently adopted solution seems irrational and non-functional from the perspective of the legal certainty principle. A more appropriate move seems to be the assessing the advisability of prosecuting an act, i.e. by introducing and implementing the principle of opportunism in criminal proceedings.

GÄFGEN V. GERMANY. CASE STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-235
Author(s):  
KRYSTYNA PATORA ◽  
EMIL ŚWIĄDER
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
The Law

The article focuses on the case of Gäfgen v. Germany, which con-cerns the restrictions imposed on police offi cers who work on cases involving terror and violence posing a risk to human life, and on the ones who have to make decisions protecting victims’ lives. The choice of measures serving the protection of the highest value, i.e. human life, is not easy. At the same time, police offi cers are assessed in terms of criminal law as regards the protection of the basic human rights enjoyed by perpetrators who pose a risk to other people’s lives. The case of Gäfgen v. Germany regards the choice of values, and the criminal liability of police offi cers, connected with thereof, as well as the problem of the admissibility of evidence obtained in breach of the law in criminal proceedings, and the limitations of the fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine.

scholarly journals Criminal protection of children's life and health: international experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (71) ◽  
pp. 350-365
Author(s):  
Viktoria Babanina ◽  
Vita Ivashchenko ◽  
Oleg Grudzur ◽  
Yurikov Oleksandr
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
European Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
Rights And Interests ◽  
Criminal Protection ◽  
The Right

Through a documentary methodology, the article examines the characteristics of the criminal protection of the life and health of children in Ukraine and some other countries. The problem of determining the time of the beginning of the protection of a child's life and health, is analyzed in the light of the European experience. It is noted that in Ukraine it is necessary to recognize the right to live of the child at any stage of fetal development, to ensure the criminal protection of the child before birth. This approach is enshrined in several international legal acts, as well as confirmed by legal guarantees in the legal systems of many countries around the world. In addition, the article analyzes criminal law measures to guarantee the rights and interests of the child under modern Ukrainian law. The list of socially dangerous acts against minors is a result, so reinforced criminal liability is provided for considering the interests of minors. It has been concluded that in all post-Soviet countries the components of crimes against a person's health, considering the legislator's reaction to causing harm to the health of children during their commission, are clearly divided into three separate groups.

scholarly journals Dehumanisasi Pada Penerapan Hukum Pidana Secara Berlebihan (Overspanning van het Straftrecht)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Ramdan Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Current Application ◽  
Detention Centers ◽  
Death Sentences ◽  
The Right

 ABSTRAKJika melihat kecenderungan proses penerapan pemidanaan di Indonesia, maka dapat kita lihat bahwasanya banyak proses pemidanaan yang diterapkan secara berlebihan. Tentunya hal ini menyebapkan adanya over ciminalization pada penerapan pemidanaan yang tentu saja hal ini menyebapkan adanya ketidak harmonisan dalam penerapan hukum pidana yang mana meniadakan rasa kemanusiaan yang berujung pada banyak gejala dehumanisasi yang terjadi. Pada penelitian ini mengunakan jenis jenis penelitian hukum normative dengan mengunakan pendekatan Pendekatan Perundang-Undangan (Statue Approach), Pendekatan konseptual (Conseptual Approach), dan pendekatan kasus (case Approach). Penelitian ini bertjuan untuk mengetahui Bagaimana  penerapan hukum pidana yang ada di Indonesia saat ini dan Bagaimana Prospektif hukum pidana dan pemidanaan yang ada di Indonesia?.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan Bahwa penerapan hukum pemidanaan di Indonesia saat ini, masih meninggalkan beberapa catatan penting antara lain; banyak Terjadinya Over Criminalization dan banyaknya terjadi Dekonstruksi Pidana dan Pemidanaan di Indonesia dimana dekonstruksi itu antara lain; Pertama, Terjadinya Over Kapasitas Lapas dan Rutan, kedua, Pengaturan Hukuman Mati yang Sangat Massif; ketiga, Kebijakan Hukum Yang Over Pada Penghinaan Di Media Sosial; keempat, Dalam Penyidikan Kriminal Penyidik Mencari Bukti Dengan Kejahatan (penyiksaaan); kelima, Inkonsistensi Hak  Atas Perkara Cuma-Cuma (prodeo). Bahwa Prospektif Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana dan Pemidanaan Yang Ada di Indonesia harus didasarkan pada beberapa hal, antara lain: Pedekatan Restorative Justice dalam Penerapan Pemidanaan; Pendekatan Ultimum remedium dalam penerapan pemidanaan; Reformasi Kelembagaan Lembaga Penegak Hukum; dan Revisi Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) dan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana (KUHAP). Kata Kunci: Dehumanisasi, Over Criminalization, Restorative Justice, Ultimum remediumABSTRACTIf we look at the trend of the process of implementing criminal punishment in Indonesia, we can see that many criminal proceedings are over-applied. Of course this implies over ciminalization in the application of punishment, which of course imposes a disharmony in the application of criminal law which negates the sense of humanity which leads to many symptoms of dehumanization that occur. In this study using the type of normative legal research using the approach of legislation approach (Statue Approach), conceptual approach (Conseptual Approach), and case approach (case approach). This research aims to find out how the application of criminal law in Indonesia today and How is the prospect of criminal law and punishment in Indonesia ?. The results of this study indicate that the current application of the criminal law in Indonesia still leaves some important notes, among others; there is a lot of Over Criminalization and many cases of Criminal Deconstruction and Criminalization in Indonesia where deconstruction is among others; First, the occurrence of over-capacity of prisons and detention centers, second, the regulation of extremely mass death sentences; third, the Legal Policy Over Over Insulting on Social Media; fourth, In Criminal Investigations Investigators Seek Evidence With Crime (torture); fifth, the Inconsistency of the Right to Free Cases (prodeo). That the Prospective Criminal Law and Penalty Existing in Indonesia must be based on several things, including: Restorative Justice Approach in the Application of Penalty; Ultimum remedium approach in the application of punishment; Institutional Reform of Law Enforcement Agencies; and Revision of the Criminal Code (KUHP) and the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP). Keywords: Dehumanization, Over Criminalization, Restorative Justice, Ultimum remedium

scholarly journals The criminal responsibility for defamation of knowingly innocent

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (44) ◽  
pp. 241-251
Author(s):  
Vira Navrotska ◽  
Oksana Bronevytska ◽  
Galyna Yaremko ◽  
Roman Maksymovych ◽  
Vita Matolych
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Innocent Person ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
The Right

The scientific article analyzes the acute discussion in law enforcement practice and procedural science of the problem of the possibility of criminal prosecution of a suspect, accused of defaming a knowingly innocent person in the commission of a crime. The theoretical basis of the article are scientific works on criminal law and criminal procedural law (both domestic researchers and foreign experts). A set of general scientific, special scientific and philosophical methods of scientific knowledge has been used while preparing the scientific article, in particular dialectical, historical, comparative, dogmatic (formal-logical), system-structural analysis, modeling. It is substantiated in the article that the behavior of the suspect, accused, which is manifested in slandering of a knowingly innocent person, does not constitute the right to freedom from self-disclosure. It is also proved that both freedom from self-disclosure and the right to defense in criminal proceedings must have certain limits, in particular, it is rights and interests of other subjects protected by criminal law. We stated that the suspect or accused should be liable for misleading the court and pre-trial investigation bodies even if such deception was used to protect against the suspicion (or accusation), to avoid criminal liability.

scholarly journals Criminal Liability of Legal Persons in Light of the Subsidiarity of Criminal Repression

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-228
Author(s):  
Pavel Kotlán
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Legal Person ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract This paper deals with the definition of (substantive) subsidiarity of criminal repression and the possibility of its application to the criminal liability of legal persons. After defining the liability of legal persons in the relevant legal regulations, the paper presents an interpretation of subsidiarity in Section 12(2) of the Criminal Code that is significantly different from the “official” opinion. Subsequently, the paper discusses certain criminal law situations in which the application of subsidiarity would lead to the conclusion that the legal person is not punishable (“non-criminality”). The first aim was thus to present the theoretical concept of subsidiarity of criminal repression, which would be methodologically correct, and therefore generally applicable. The second objective was directed at demonstrating that this construct can be applied to specific examples of the liability of legal persons, that is, that it can be applied to the activities of the bodies in charge of criminal proceedings.

PROTECTION OF THE HONOR AND DIGNITY OF CORRECTIONAL OFFICERS IN JUDICIAL PRACTICE

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Николай Николаевич Кутаков
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Correctional Officers ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Correctional Institution ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Mandatory Requirement

В статье представлен анализ судебной практики о преступлениях против чести и достоинства сотрудников исправительных учреждений, на основе которого дана характеристика объектов, субъектов данных преступлений и наказаний, избранных в отношении виновных. Отдельное внимание автором уделено раскрытию мотивов оскорблений, совершаемых осужденными. Приведена практика привлечения лингвистов к проведению экспертизы оскорблений, высказанных в адрес сотрудников. На основе научных трудов и материалов судебной практики подвергнут анализу признак публичности оскорбления представителя власти. Освещен институт компенсации морального вреда применительно к уголовному судопроизводству как мера, дополняющая уголовную ответственность за совершение преступлений против чести и достоинства сотрудников исправительных учреждений. Сделан акцент на оценке законности действий сотрудника исправительного учреждения при исполнении им своих должностных обязанностей как обязательного требования при рассмотрении уголовных дел об оскорблении представителя власти. Представленные в работе статистические данные позволяют сформировать представления об оскорблениях, совершаемых в отношении сотрудников исправительных учреждений, а материалы судебной практики подтверждают действенность уголовно-правового механизма защиты их чести и достоинства. The article presents an analysis of judicial practice on crimes against the honor and dignity of correctional officers, on the basis of which the characteristics of the objects, subjects of these crimes, and the punishments chosen against the perpetrators are given. Special attention is paid to the disclosure of the motives of insults committed by convicts. The article describes the practice of involving linguists in the examination of insults addressed to employees. On the basis of scientific works and materials of judicial practice, the sign of the publicity of insulting a representative of the authorities is analyzed. The article highlights the institution of compensation for non-pecuniary damage in relation to criminal proceedings as a measure that complements criminal liability for committing crimes against the honor and dignity of correctional officers. The emphasis is placed on the assessment of the legality of the actions of a correctional institution employee in the performance of their official duties, as a mandatory requirement when considering criminal cases of insulting a representative of the authorities. The statistical data presented in the work allow us to form ideas about insults committed against correctional officers, and the materials of judicial practice confirm the effectiveness of the criminal law mechanism for protecting their honor and dignity.

Strafrecht und Soziale Arbeit

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Cornel ◽  
Thomas Trenczek
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Soziale Arbeit ◽  
Law Students ◽  
Social Education ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Sociological Perspective ◽  
Procedural Law

From both a dogmatic legal standpoint and a sociological perspective, this textbook provides an in-depth and well-founded overview of the fundamentals of material criminal law and criminal procedural law, including juvenile criminal law and the alternatives of restorative justice. It will appeal to both students of social work and practitioners in this field, among others social workers, social education workers, mediators, forensic psychiatrists and those working in correctional institutions. The book describes material criminal and procedural law in detail so that the processes and structures of criminal law can be understood and then applied in practice. Moreover, it provides law students and those working in the field of criminal law with an introduction to criminal law thinking and, at the same time, sociological and criminological insights into the application and practice of criminal law. The book ends with a comprehensive glossary of terms.

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