scholarly journals SHARE OF EDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURE IN TOTAL BUDGETARY OUTLAY IN MIZORAM (INDIA): AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

Author(s):  
Dr. Lalfakawmi

Increased public expenditure leads to an improvement in educational sector and further to national development. Education improves the quality of lives, yields direct and indirect benefits to both the individuals and society. The most obvious direct benefit is that educated workers receive incomes higher than those who are less educated. In this study, attempt is made to analyze - the growth trends of public expenditure on education, its share out of the total budgetary outlay and as the percentage of Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Mizoram for the period of 1981-82 to 2013-14. KEY WORDS: education, public expenditure, growth, budgetary outlay.

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elen Oneal ◽  
Tim Connallon ◽  
L Lacey Knowles

Identifying the factors that contribute to the adaptive significance of mating preferences is one major goal of evolutionary research and is largely unresolved. Both direct and indirect benefits can contribute to mate choice evolution. Failure to consider the interaction between individual consequences of mate choice may obscure the opposing effects of individual costs and benefits. We investigate direct and indirect fitness effects of female choice in a desert fly ( Drosophila mojavensis ), a species where mating confers resistance to desiccation stress. Females prefer males that provide a direct benefit: greater resistance to desiccation stress. Mating preferences also appear to have indirect consequences: daughters of preferred males have lower reproductive success than daughters of unpreferred males, although additional experimentation will be needed to determine if the indirect consequences of female preferences actually arise from ‘sexually antagonistic’ variation. Nevertheless, the results are intriguing and are consistent with the hypothesis that an interaction between direct and indirect benefits maintains sexually antagonistic variation in these desert flies: increased desiccation resistance conferred by mating might offset the cost of producing low-fecundity daughters.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-332
Author(s):  
Yosua Sandro ◽  
Suradi Wijaya Saputra ◽  
Dian Wijayanto

ABSTRAK Sumberdaya Waduk Cengklik merupakan sebuah waduk wisata yang terdapat di Desa Ngargorejo, Boyolali. Penelitian yang dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2016 yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai manfaat langsung dan tidak langsung kawasan Waduk Cengklik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan besarnya nilai manfaat langsung dan tidak langsung Waduk Cengklik.Waduk Cengklik memiliki banyak peran penting dari sektor ekologi dan ekonominya. Manfaat Nilai Ekonomi dari Waduk Cengklik dapat ditinjau dari manfaat langsung dan tidak langung. Untuk menganalisis pemanfaatan waduk mengenai hasil valuasi ekonomi digunakan beberapa metode yaitu metode penilaian harga pasar untuk sektor perikanan tangkap, metode biaya perjalanan untuk sektor pariwisata, metode Market Price Method untuk sektor air bersih. Metode penentuan responden menggunakan teknik purposive sampling untuk perikanan tangkap, convenience sampling untuk pariwisata, cluster sampling untuk air bersih, sensus untuk penyedia transportasi, convinience sampling untuk pengguna transportasi dan convenience sampling untuk transportasi serta sampling untuk irigasi. Hasil yang didapatkan dari perhitungan menunjukkan nilai manfaat langsung pada sektor perikanan tangkap yaitu sebesar Rp. 3.384.038.000/tahun, sektor pariwisata sebesar Rp.2.340.591.000/ tahun, sektor air bersih sebesar Rp 73.944.000/tahun, sedangkan sektor transportasi sebesar Rp 55.700.000/tahun. Total nilai ekonomi manfaat langsung yaitu Rp. 5.854.273.000/tahun. Sedangkan nilai ekonomi manfaat tidak langsung yaitu dari sektor irigasi mempunyai nilai ekonomi sebesar Rp.1.245.000.000/tahun.Kata Kunci  : Valuasi Ekonomi, Manfaat Langsung, Manfaat Tidak Langsung, Waduk Cengklik. ABSTRACT                                                                              Cengklik Reservoir Resource is a tourism reservoir located in Ngargorejo Village, Boyolali. The research which was conducted in October 2016 aims to determine the value of direct and indirect benefits of Cengklik Reservoir area. This study intends to determine the value of direct and indirect benefits of Cengklik Reservoir. Cengklik Reservoir possesses many significant roles in both ecological and economic sectors. The Benefit of Economic Value from Cengklik Reservoir can be observed from direct and indirect benefits. In order to analyze the utilization of reservoirs on the economic valuation result, several methods are used: market price valuation method for capture fishery sector, Travel Cost Method for tourism sector, and Market Price Method for clean water sector. This research used purposive sampling technique for capture fishery, convenience sampling for tourism, cluster sampling for clean water, census for transportation provider, convenience sampling for transportation user and convenience sampling for transportation and sampling for irrigation. The results which were obtained from the calculation show the value of direct benefits in fishing sector which is IDR 3 384 038 000 per years, tourism sector of IDR 2 340 591 000 per years, clean water sector of IDR  73 944 000 per years, while transportation sector of IDR 55 700 000 per years. Total economic value of direct benefit is IDR  5 854 273 000 per years. While the economic value of indirect benefits from irrigation sector has an economic value of  IDR 1 245 000 000 per years.Keywords: Economic Valuation, Direct Benefit, Indirect Benefit, Cengklik Reservoir.


2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Muhamad Alfian ◽  
Nandang Saefudin Zenju ◽  
Irma Purnamasari

Infrastructure development is an integral part of national development and the driving wheel of economic growth. Infrastructure also has an important role in strengthening national unity and unity (Bappenas: 2009). The banjarwaru, banjarwangi, and telukpinang highways are the access roads traversed by 8 villages including alternative routes for the cicurug-sukabumi area. This road is always passed by the people who headed to the city. Therefore, the benefits of this road is very important because it is often passed from the cicurug-sukabumi area due to the diversion of traffic flow so that the intensity of high road users.In this study the author uses the theory of Ridwan and Sudrajat. Quality of service is the level of incompatibility between expectations with customer desires and also the perceptions of these customers. Quality of service here can be assessed by looking at the dimensions. These dimensions include the quality of service, the ability of officials, and service convenience. During the observation to the community through the survey to direct approach with the community, most people complained that the development service to build the kecamatan should be further improved and the results of this study showed that the Quality Assessment of Service in Road Infrastructure Development in Ciawi Sub-district Bogor Regency is categorized Fair Good this is because the assessment of the quality of development services by the Subdistrict Apparatus itself and from the community assess the ability of District Officers still have to be improved in conducting the service and its implementation.Keywords: Service Quality, Infrastructure Development.


2017 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Quoc Duong Doan ◽  
Thi Ha Vo

Background: Community pharmacists play an important role in counseling of rational drug use for population. The study aimed to characterize counselling activities of drug use and demand of counselling tools at some community pharmacies at Hue City. Materials and method: A 17-question survey were asked to fill pharmacy staffs of a convenient sample of 100 community pharmacies at Hue City from 2/2017 to 7/2017. Results: There were 58 pharmacies (58.0%) answered this survey. Cough, headache, fever, high blood pressure and diabetes were the most popular symptoms/diseases presented in pharmacies. Patients often need counselling about dose (82.8%) and when to take medicine (79.3%). The main bariers for counselling were a lack of time (53.4%), and of skills/medthods for counseling (31.7%). About 96.6% pharmacies demanded counselling tools and favorite formats were book (32.9%) or pocket handbook (29.3%). Conclusion: Most pharmacies demanded counselling tools. Other studies should be conducted to develop supporting tools for counseling and to assess the quality of counseling in pharmacies. Key words: community pharmacy, counseling of drug use, pharmacist, Hue


Author(s):  
Джээнбүбү Бегеева

Аннотация. В статье анализируется качество переводов рассказов В.Шукшина, осуществленных в середине 70-х годов С. Наматбаевым. Переводоведческий анализ вывил многочисленные стилевые расхождения между оригиналом и переводом. При переводе одного из лучших рассказов Шукшина «Чудик» искажения стиля не передали психологические тонкости рассказа. При переводе рассказа «Дядя Ермолай» философский аспект рассказа выпал, так как переводчик исказил жанровую специфику. Перевод рассказа «Два письма» оказался более качественным по сравнению с предыдущими. Переводчик рассказа «Два письма» сумел приблизиться к оригиналу, расшифровать его основную тональность, воспроизвести атмосферу напряженных поисков истины героем рассказа Николаем Иванычем. Этот перевод оказался более качественно выполненным по сравнению с предыдущим рассказом «Дядя Ермолай». Причину переводческого успеха можно объяснить, прежде всего, доступностью содержания рассказа, да и сам герой не столь сложная и глубокая личность, как повествователь в рассказе о дяде Ермолае. В целом, переводы С.Наматбаева являются своеобраз- ным этапом в переводческом деле. В настоящее время необходимо более полное и глубокое восприятие творчества В.Шукшина и создания новых адекватных переводов. Ключевые слова: качество переводов, стилевые расхождения, психологические тонкости, философский аспект, этапом. Аннотация. Макалада В.Шукшиндин аңгемелеринин кыргыз тилине которуудагы сапаты каралат, котормолор 1970-жылдары котормочу С.Наматбаев аркылуу жаралган. Котормонун сапатына талдоо жүргүзгөндө көпчүлүк каталар табылган, алардын эң олуттуусу стилдердин айырмасы, негизги чыгарма менен котормонун ортосунда. Мисалы, “Чудик” деген аңгеменин психологиялык мүнөздөмөсү жоголуп кеткен. “Ермолай байке” деген аңгемеде жанрдын туура эмес берилишинен жазуучунун негизги ою жоголуп кеткен. “Эки кат” деген аңгеме беркилерге караганда сапаттуу которулган. Котормочу " Эки кат" деген аңгемени оригиналга жакындатып которгон. Башкы каарман Николай Иванычтын изденүүлөрүн, ойлорун, чындыкты табууга аракеттерин Шукшинден кем эмес окуучуларга жеткирген. Котормочунун жетишкендиги аңгеменин түшүнүктүү мазмуну менен түшүндүрсө болот, жана Николай Ивановичтин жөнөкөйлүгү менен. С.Наматбаевдын котормолору каталарына карабастан котормочулук иште алдыга жылуу болгон. Бирок, азыркы заманда сапаттуу котормо жаратууда мезгил келди. Түйүндүү сөздөр: которуудагы сапаты, стилдердин айырмасы, психологиялык мүнөздөмөсү, негизги ою жоголуп. Annotation. The quality of translation of the Shukshins stories is analyzed in the Middle 70- years. By S.Namatbaev. The translation analysis had idenh hed numerous style discrepancies between the original and the translation. The psychological feature of the compasihion were not be hansfered by the translation one the bestand famous story by. V.Shukshin due to distorhion of the style. By the translation of the story “The uncle Ermolai” had full a phisichal aspect of the story, because the translator had distorted the genre specifics. The translation of the stories “Two letters” was wade more qualitative comparated with another stories. Generally, the Namatbaevs translation are a sui generis stage in the translatiobs. We need currently more total and profound perception of the creation by V.Shukshin. The create of the new adeavate translation is the main task. The head of the theory and history of Russian literature department. V. Shukshin’s stories and problems of translation them into Kyrgyz language. This article is analysed the quality of translation of V. Shukshin’s stories, which were written in 70 th with S. Namatbaev. Translation analyse deduced many stylistic variations between translated version and original. There is a misrepresentation, was not transmitted psychological subtleties of the story in translation of one of the best V. Shuk- shin’s story “Wierdo”. Metaphysical dimension is disappeared in translation of the story “Uncle Ermolai”, since translator destort the genre specificity. The translation of the story “Two letters” has been more qualitative in comparison with previous translations. In common, S. Namatbaev’s translation is a genius stage in translation. It needs more full and deep comprehension of S. Shukshin’s work and to establish new suitable translation. Key words: Quality of translation, stylistic variation, psychological subtleties, metaphysical dimension, stage.


1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germano Mwabu ◽  
Martha Ainsworth ◽  
Andrew Nyamete

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