scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF VISCOSITY OF WILD MANGO (Irvingia gobonensis), HIBISCUS (Rosa sinensis) AND OKRO (Abelmoschus esculentus) AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

2020 ◽  
pp. 233-240
Author(s):  
I. E. Essien ◽  
S. E. Etuk, ◽  
A. A. Essiett, ◽  
J. G. Atat ◽  
E. E. Ekott
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Volume Flow Rate ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Temperature Model ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Rate Method ◽  
Coefficient Of Viscosity

Viscosity is an important factor in fluid transport. It is a quantity that influences flow properties of fluid and quite useful food product designs. This study is aim at determining the viscosity of selected plant based materials, Wild mango, Hibiscus and Okro and to obtain a viscosity temperature model necessary to predict viscosity of these materials at various temperature values. The viscosity of these materials were determined using the volume flow rate method at a temperature range between 299k to 383k and the viscosity temperature model obtained from an empirical relationship. Wild mango exhibited the highest value of coefficient of viscosity at all temperature range with values between 18.3 x 10-3NSm-2 to 5.45 x 10-3 NSm-2 while Hibiscus and Okro have values of coefficient of viscosity ranging between 6.69 x 10-3NSm-2 to 1.82 x 10-3 NSm-2 and 8.05 x 10-3NSm-2 to 2.10 x 10-3 NSm-2 respectively. The coefficients of viscosity of these materials were found to decrease with increase in temperature. The viscosity temperature model obtained for wild mango, Hibiscus and Okro are , and respectively KEY WORDS: Viscosity, temperature, Wild mango, Hibiscus, Okro

scholarly journals Application of headspace for research volatile organic compounds emitted from building materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 01019
Author(s):  
Beata Kultys ◽  
Karolina Waląg
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Different Temperatures

Headspace technique and gas chromatography method with mas detector has been used for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted from various building and finishing materials, such as sealing foams, mounting strips, paints, varnishes, floor coverings. The tests were carried out for different temperatures (in the temperature range of 60 to 180 °C) and the time of heated vials with tested materials inside. These tests were conducted to verify the possibility of use this method of determination the VOC emission. Interpretation of chromatograms and mass spectra allowed to identify the type of compounds emitted from the tested materials and the optimum time and temperature for each type of material was determined. The increase in heating temperature of the samples resulted in increase the type and number of identified compounds: for four materials the increase was in the whole temperature range, for others it was from 90 °C. On the other hand, emission from mineral wool was low in whole temperature range. 30-minutes heating of the samples was sufficient to identify emitted compounds for most of tested materials. Applying a longer time, i.e. 24 hours, significantly increased the sensitivity of the method.

scholarly journals The effect of temperature on the viscosity of air

1926 ◽  
Vol 113 (763) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Present Author ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Appreciable Change ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Coefficient Of Viscosity ◽  
Slight Alteration

In a recent paper Prof. A. 0. Rankine has put forward a number of criticisms of the results obtained from, and the experimental method employed in, the determination of the temperature coefficient of viscosity of air by the present author. In the first place, a comparison is drawn between the author’s results and those of other observers in the lower part of the temperature range, and the conclusion is drawn therefrom that there is a possibility of an error of 3 percent, in the author’s measurements throughout the whole range of temperature used. This inference is reached from the figures quoted in Table II of Rankine’s paper, in which the temperature range from 15° to 183° C. is considered. That some difference exists between the author’s results and those of other observers in the lower part of the temperature range is clear, but it must again be emphasised that the values given for low temperatures are not experimental values, but were obtained by an extension of the graph (fig. 2) for higher temperature measurements to the value of the viscosity as given by Millikanj for room temperatures. A slight alteration of the curvature of this extension would make an appreciable change in the ratios η100/η15 and η183/η15 , but this would not be sufficient to account for the curvature at B in fig. 3 of the original paper. If the values of T ⅜ /η for Breitenbach’s results at 182° C. and 302° C. are plotted on this curve, they lie above the present results and on a curve which would intersect AB at about 600° C. That part of the difference is due to this cause seems to be indicated by the fact that the difference diminishes as the temperature rises. Thus at 300° C. the following values of η300/η15 are obtained by Breitenbach, the only other worker at this temperature, and the author. The figures used are those given by Rankine.

Quantitative Assessment of Soluble Fibrin in Plasma by Affinity Chromatography – A Comparative Study with desAA-Fibrin, desAABB-Fibrin and Fibrinogen

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (02) ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfried Thiel ◽  
Ulrich Delvos ◽  
Gert Müller-Berghaus
Keyword(s):  
Affinity Chromatography ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Soluble Fibrin ◽  
Binding Characteristics ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Immobilized Proteins ◽  
Sepharose 4B

SummaryA quantitative determination of soluble fibrin in plasma was carried out by affinity chromatography. For this purpose, desAA-fibrin and fibrinogen immobilized on Sepharose 4B were used at the stationary side whereas batroxobin-induced 125I-desAA-fibrin or thrombin-induced 125I-desAABB-fibrin mixed with plasma containing 131I-fibrinogen represented the fluid phase. The binding characteristics of these mixtures to the immobilized proteins were compared at 20° C and 37° C. Complete binding of both types of fibrin to the immobilized desAA-fibrin was always seen at 20° C as well as at 37° C. However, binding of soluble fibrin was accompanied by substantial binding of fibrinogen that was more pronounced at 20° C. Striking differences depending on the temperature at which the affinity chromatography was carried out, were documented for the fibrinogen-fibrin interaction. At 20° C more than 90% of the applied desAA-fibrin was bound to the immobilized fibrinogen whereas at 37° C only a mean of 17% were retained at the fibrinogen-Sepharose column. An opposite finding with regard to the tested temperature was made with the desAABB-fibrin. Nearly complete binding to insolubilized fibrinogen was found at 37° C (95%) but only 58% of the desAABB-fibrin were bound at 20° C. The binding patterns did not change when the experiments were performed in the presence of calcium ions. The opposite behaviour of the two types of soluble fibrin to immobilized fibrinogen at the different temperatures, together with the substantial binding of fibrinogen in the presence of soluble fibrin to insolubilized fibrin in every setting tested, devaluates affinity chromatography as a tool in the quantitative assessment of soluble fibrin in patients’ plasma.

Metabolic response to temperature stress in the Colombian freshwater crab Neostrengeria macropa (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pseudothelphusidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Indicator Group ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
The City ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Freshwater crustaceans are distributed throughout the montane and lowland areas of Colombia, and are therefore a useful indicator group for how aquatic species will respond to climate change. As such, metabolic determination of physiological performance was evaluated for the Colombian pseudothelphusid crab, Neostrengeria macropa (H. Milne Edwards, 1853), over a temperature range inclusive of current temperatures and those predicted by future scenarios in the plateau around the city of Bogotá, namely from 8 °C to 30 °C. The performance results mostly aligned with previous exploratory behavioral determination of the ideal temperature range in the same species, although the metabolism increased at the highest temperature treatments, a point when exploratory behavior declined. These results indicate that this species of montane crab behaviorally compensates for increased thermal stress by decreasing its physical activity, which could have negative predator-prey consequences with changes to community structure as different species undergo climate-mediated geographic range shifts in the region. As this species is endemic to the plateau surrounding Bogotá, it also experiences a number of other stressors to its survival, including infrastructure development and invasive species.

scholarly journals Advances in LC–MS/MS Methods for Allergen Testing, Meat Speciation, and Gelatin Speciation

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 1309-1315
Author(s):  
Jianru Stahl-Zeng ◽  
Ashley Sage ◽  
Philip Taylor ◽  
Jeremy Dietrich Netto ◽  
Tuo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Multiple Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Transition Analysis ◽  
Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Signature Peptides ◽  
Unique Markers ◽  
Multiple Species

Abstract Background: Food authenticity is demanded by the consumer at all times. The consumer places trust in the manufacturer that the food product is genuine in terms of what is recorded on the packaging label. Objective: Recent advancements in LC–tandem MS methodology in the detection of allergens, meat, and gelatin speciation in raw food products and processed foods are detailed in this paper. Method: For each of the three methods, initial proteome analysis and the screening leading to the determination of unique tryptic peptides were conducted using a high-resolution, accurate tandem mass spectrometer. Having identified the unique markers, the method was transferred to a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer for a higher-sensitivity quantitative study, multiple reaction monitoring transition analysis. Results: For the allergens method a detection limit of at least 10 ppm was attained across the 12 allergen peptides in this workflow. In the gluten workflow the resulting chromatograms show good detection down to 5 ppm, with no interference from the food matrices. The meat speciation method details that signature peptides could be readily identified at 1% w/w with no matrix interference. Conclusions: These single-injection workflows with cycle-time optimization enable wide coverage of analytes to identify multiple species within challenging matrix samples.

scholarly journals Determination of Load-Carrying Capacity of C-Profile Glued Ti-Al Column under Temperature Environment

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3013
Author(s):  
Leszek Czechowski
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Discrete Models ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Lagrange Equations ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

The paper deals with an examination of the behaviour of glued Ti-Al column under compression at elevated temperature. The tests of compressed columns with initial load were performed at different temperatures to obtain their characteristics and the load-carrying capacity. The deformations of columns during tests were registered by employing non-contact Digital Image Correlation Aramis® System. The numerical computations based on finite element method by using two different discrete models were carried out to validate the empirical results. To solve the problems, true stress-logarithmic strain curves of one-directional tensile tests dependent on temperature both for considered metals and glue were implemented to software. Numerical estimations based on Green–Lagrange equations for large deflections and strains were conducted. The paper reveals the influence of temperature on the behaviour of compressed C-profile Ti-Al columns. It was verified how the load-carrying capacity of glued bi-metal column decreases with an increase in the temperature increment. The achieved maximum loads at temperature 200 °C dropped by 2.5 times related to maximum loads at ambient temperature.

scholarly journals Wine origin authentication linked to terroir – wine fingerprint

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 02033
Author(s):  
B. Gabel
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Mineral Phases

Global wine and alcohol trade faces a serious economic problem linked to counterfeiting of these commodities. Recently applied authentication methods and techniques pose more difficulties for counterfeiters but they are apparently not effective once we consider economical losses identified by EU legal authorities. The presented solution links isotopic characteristics of the soil, plant, technological intermediate product and the final food product (wine, grapes) on the basis of 87Sr/86Sr isotopes ratios. For the isotopic signature of wines, the average isotope composition of the substrate cannot be a reliable indicator. Only the isotopic composition of pore water can, as it leaches various mineral phases at different stages and passes into vine root system. Instead of complicated sampling of pore water, an original method of preparing and processing soil samples and consequently must & wine samples was developed. Based on both, soil and biological material analysis, we can unquestionably determine not only geographical but also regional and local authenticity of the wine. Determination of red wines isotopic signature is more straightforward process in comparison to white wines, because of technologically different processing of grapes. That is the reason why, in case of white vines, the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of bentonites (natural purifier and absorbent useful in the process of winemaking) must also be taken into consideration. Results of analyses of Slovak wines from geographically diverse regions as well as from sites in close-by distances have clearly established reliability of presented concept, in which the soil is linked to the plant and to the final food product (wine or table grapes).

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