METHODS OF TRANSMISSION AND FEATURES OF THE COURSE OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION IN CHILDREN: MEDICAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS

Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major global problem. According to WHO, 150-200 million people globally have hepatitis C infection. Even though HCV infection morbidity rate in children is relatively low in comparison with the adult population, approximately 5 million children in the world have active HCV. There is a number of differences between HCV infection in adults and in children. However, the data pertaining to this issue is controversial. The aim: Research, analysis and synthesis of information from contemporary literature on transmission of infection and characteristics of the course of HCV infection in children. Materials and methods: Analysis and synthesis of information from contemporary literature on transmission of infection and characteristics of the course of HCV infection in children were conducted. Conclusions: Information from literature of the latest years on peculiarities of infection, disease course and complications of HCV infection in children was analyzed and summarized in this article.

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Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection and risk factor analysis in Changsha, central China, about population undergoing routine check-up, 2013–2015

10.21203/rs.2.9450/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Shaohui Liu ◽

Chang Zeng ◽

Xintong Kang ◽

Ying Tan ◽

Wei Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

General Population ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Adult Population ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Central China ◽

Major Public Health Problem

Abstract Background Currently, Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a major public health problem. The aim of current study wanted to determine the prevalence of HCV virus infections, and to explore the risk factors for HCV infection in the general adult population undergoing routine check-ups in Changsha City. Methods We collected 59688 blood samples from the adult population undergoing routine check-ups in 2013–2015 and obtained relevant information using a standardized questionnaire. We then conducted association and logistic regression analyses. We used the enzyme immunoassay method to test for anti-HCV antibodies in the serum samples. Results The positivity rate of anti-HCV was about 0.57% (340/59688) in the general population. Participants from rural areas showed significantly higher HCV seroprevalence rates than did those from the urban area (0.83% vs 0.19%, p < 0.001). HCV seropositivity increased progressively with age, peaking at 55–64 years (1.23%), and decreasing in participants aged 65 and older. The positivity rate of anti-HCV for males was slightly higher than that of females (0.67% vs 0.48%, p = 0.002). The results of multiple logistic regression showed that history of blood transfusion, surgery, living in rural areas, and transmission in families were the main risk factors for HCV infection. Conclusions: The prevalence of HCV infection is low in the general population in Changsha. This information vital for healthcare settings and health education entities in public, especially in rural areas.

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Anti-Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Antibody-Associated Ataxia as an Extrahepatic Autoimmune Manifestation of Hepatitis C Infection: A Case Report

Case Reports in Neurological Medicine ◽

10.1155/2011/975152 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Amer Awad ◽

Olaf Stüve ◽

Marlyn Mayo ◽

Rafeed Alkawadri ◽

Bachir Estephan

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Cerebellar Ataxia ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Acid Decarboxylase ◽

High Dose ◽

Hepatitis C Infection ◽

Extrahepatic Manifestation ◽

Immunoglobulin Treatment ◽

Rule Out

Extrahepatic immunological manifestations of hepatitis C virus (HCV) are well described. In addition, antiglutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody-associated cerebellar ataxia is well-established entity. However, there have been no reports in the literature of anti-GAD antibody-associated ataxia as an extrahepatic manifestation of HCV infection. We report the case of a young woman with chronic hepatitis C virus and multiple extrahepatic autoimmune diseases including Sjögren syndrome and pernicious anemia who presented with subacute midline cerebellar syndrome and was found to have positive antiglutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid. An extensive diagnostic workup to rule out neoplastic growths was negative, suggesting the diagnosis of nonparaneoplastic antiglutamic acid decarboxylase antibody-associated cerebellar ataxia as an additional extrahepatic manifestation of hepatitis C virus infection. The patient failed to respond to high-dose steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin. Treatment with the monoclonal antibody rituximab stabilized the disease. We postulate that anti-GAD associated ataxia could be an extrahepatic manifestation of HCV infection.

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Studies on the prevalence of Hepatitis C virus infection in diabetic patients attending a tertiary health-care facility South-west Nigeria

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-020-05388-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

James A. Ndako ◽

Akinyomade O. Owolabi ◽

Joseph A. Olisa ◽

Jeremiah A. Akinwumi ◽

Victor T. Dojumo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Age Distribution ◽

Care Facility ◽

Health Care Facility ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Hepatitis C Infection

Abstract Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two major public health problems associated with increasing complications and mortality rates worldwide. The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in diabetic patients and to investigate the influence of several epidemiological and clinical factors on HCV infection. Method A total number of one hundred and eighty diabetic patients were recruited for this study. Consented subjects made up of 71(39.4%) males and 109(60.56%) females were recruited for the study. While one-Hundred (100) Non-Diabetics (Controls) were also recruited for the study. Structured questionnaires were administered to the consented participants to obtain relevant data. Sera samples were assayed for antibodies to HCV using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay [Inteco Diagnostic Limited]. ELISA technique. Result Overall prevalence of HCV infection among diabetes patients assayed was 13.3% out of which 8(11.3%) was obtained from the male subjects compared to 16 (14.7%) seropositivity recorded among the females (P = 0.511; P > 0.05). Considering age distribution, Subjects aged 41–50 years recorded, 9 (22.5%) positivity (P = 0.238; P > 0.05).Considering educational status of subjects screened, 22 (14.9%) positivity was rescored among subjects who have attained tertiary status of education.(P = 0.574;P > 0.05).Risk factors considered showed that, 7 (18.9%) seropositive subject were alcoholic consumers(P value = 0.2621;P > 0.05) while 5 (8.9%) recorded history of sharing sharp objects P = 0.2427;P > 0.05). Conclusion Our study shows a slightly higher prevalence of hepatitis C infection in type 2 diabetics. This call for urgent routine screening exercise among diabetic patients for HCV infection. This study also emphasizes the need for public enlightenment on the association between HCV infection and T2DM, to avert possible complications among diabetic patients.

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Lichen Planus and Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A clinical Evaluation of 168 Cases

Serbian Journal of Dermatology and Venerology ◽

10.2478/sjdv-2018-0006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 37-41

Author(s):

Farrokh Rad ◽

Ebrahim Ghaderi ◽

Bahram Nikkhoo ◽

Mohammad Aziz Rasouli

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Chronic Liver Disease ◽

Lichen Planus ◽

Chronic Liver ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Common Site ◽

Hepatitis C Infection ◽

Dermatology Clinic

Abstract Introduction. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the factors which can lead to a chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. There have been several reports on the association of oral lichen planus with hepatic disorders, i.e. hepatitis C infection in particular. Considering the controversies about the association of lichen planus with HCV infection on one hand and considerable impact of hepatitis C on the occurrence of chronic liver disease on the other hand, we investigated the association between lichen planus and HCV infection in Sanandaj City. Methods. This cross sectional study included 168 patients with lichen planus, who were referred to the Dermatology Clinic of Besat Hospital between 2014 and 2016. The diagnosis of lichen planus was made by our dermatologist and HCV antibody titer was determined for every patient. Results. Mean age of the patients was 39.7±13.3 years and mean duration of the disease was 14.8 months. 107 (63.7%) patients were men. The highest frequency of lichen planus was recorded in the housewives (30.4%). In 52 (31%) patients the genital area was involved and it was the most common site. In 6 (3.6%) patients the oral mucosa was involved and it was the least common site in our study. Only 4 (2.7%) patients had family history of lichen planus. None of 168 patients included in this study was found to have HCV infection. Conclusion. In this study, we found no relationship between lichen planus and HCV infection. Yet, the exact mechanism underlying the occurrence of lichen planus in the patients with HCV infection has not been determined. Therefore more studies on this subject are recommended.

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Improved Reflexive Testing Algorithm for Hepatitis C Infection Using Signal-to-Cutoff Ratios of a Hepatitis C Virus Antibody Assay

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/clinchem.2010.158691 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (7) ◽

pp. 1050-1056 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Keane KY Lai ◽

Ming Jin ◽

Shan Yuan ◽

Meaghan F Larson ◽

Jason A Dominitz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Roc Curves ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Hepatitis C Infection ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Hepatitis C Virus Antibody ◽

Testing Algorithm ◽

Positive Results

BACKGROUND Chemiluminescence immunoassay (CIA) is used to detect hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody status on the basis of signal-to-cutoff (S/Co) ratios. Positive results of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) are followed by either recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) to confirm anti-HCV positivity or reverse transcription (RT)-PCR to detect viremia. We hypothesized that by analyzing S/Co ratios, we could determine a strategy to reduce unnecessary supplementary testing in our population. METHODS CIA was performed to screen for anti-HCV, and positive results were followed up with RT-PCR testing. Negative RT-PCR results were followed up with RIBA, whereas positive RT-PCR results were assumed to be RIBA positive. ROC curves were analyzed to determine the optimal S/Co ratios to predict HCV infection. RESULTS We determined the S/Co ratios on 34 243 veteran patient samples. We found that with the CIA method 9.0% of patients had positive test results for anti-HCV. An S/Co ratio <3.0 ruled out active HCV infection and exposure with 100% negative predictive value. When the S/Co ratio was ≥20.0, positive predictive values were 98.5% compared with RIBA results, and 81.0% compared with RT-PCR results. CONCLUSIONS RIBA is not necessary to confirm negative or positive CIA anti-HCV if the S/Co ratio is <3.0 or ≥20.0, respectively. To confirm HCV exposure, samples with an S/Co ratio between 3.0 and 19.9 should be followed up with RIBA unless PCR testing has been performed and the result is positive. Samples with an S/Co ratio ≥20.0 or positive RIBA results should be further tested by RT-PCR to determine HCV viremia status.

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Liver fibrosis of hepatitis C virus infection in routine hemodialysis patients in Indonesia

Medical Journal of Indonesia ◽

10.13181/mji.v28i4.3776 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 375-9

Author(s):

Aida Lydia ◽

Anindia Larasati ◽

Rino Alvani Gani ◽

Ikhwan Rinaldi

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Liver Fibrosis ◽

Risk Model ◽

Transient Elastography ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Hepatitis C Infection ◽

Significant Liver Fibrosis

BACKGROUND The risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is increasing in patients under routine hemodialysis, but only some patients progress to liver fibrosis. This study was aimed to identify the prevalence of significant liver fibrosis in routine hemodialysis patients with hepatitis C infection as well as factors associated with liver fibrosis. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in three tertiary general hospitals (Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Persahabatan Hospital, and Fatmawati Hospital) in Jakarta, Indonesia, among hemodialysis patients infected with HCV. Total sampling was used from May to September 2017 in hemodialysis unit of all hospitals. Sex, age, time at first diagnosis of HCV, duration of HCV infection, duration of hemodialysis, AST level, hepatitis B virus coinfection and diabetes mellitus were analyzed in association with significant liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis was assessed using transient elastography and considered significant if the value was ≥7.1 kPa. Chi-square, Mann–Whitney U, and Fisher’s exact tests were used. Risk model was analyzed with logistic regression. RESULTS Of the 133 hemodialysis patients infected with HCV, 71.4% of the subjects had significant liver fibrosis. In the risk model, male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 3.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.74–8.84; p < 0.001) and diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR = 2.85; 95% CI = 1.03–7.88; p = 0.043) were associated with significant liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of significant liver fibrosis in routine hemodialysis patients with hepatitis C infection was high. Male and DM were associated with significant liver fibrosis.

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Low Yield of Hepatitis C Infection in an Outreach Screening Program in Harris County, Texas

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa191 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Hyun-seok Kim ◽

Rosalia Guerrero ◽

Shane W Reader ◽

Maria Daheri ◽

Maya Balakrishnan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Screening Program ◽

Community Outreach ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Harris County ◽

Hepatitis C Infection

Abstract A community outreach hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection screening program provided low yield of detecting HCV-infected patients, linking them to our hepatology clinic for treatment. Our data underscore that most of the yield was related to addiction centers and birth cohort; these groups should be targeted by future interventions.

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Studies on the Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Diabetic Patients attending a Tertiary Health-care Facility South-west Nigeria.

10.21203/rs.2.13403/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

James A. NDAKO ◽

Akinyomade O Owolabi ◽

Joseph A. Olisa ◽

Jeremiah A. Akinwumi ◽

Victor T. Dojumo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Age Distribution ◽

Care Facility ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

P Value ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Hepatitis C Infection

Abstract Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two major public health problems associated with increasing complications and mortality rates worldwide. The objective of this study to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in diabetic patients and to investigate the influence of several epidemiological and clinical factors on HCV infection. Method: A total number of one hundred and eighty diabetic patients were recruited for this study. Consented subjects made up of 71(39.4%) males and 109(60.56%) females were recruited for the study. While one-Hundred (100) Non-Diabetics (Controls) were recruited for this study. Structured questionnaires were administered to the consented participants to obtain relevant data. Sera samples were assayed for antibodies to HCV using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay [Inteco Diagnostic Limited]. ELISA technique.Result: Overall prevalence of HCV infection among diabetes patients assayed was 13.3%. Out of which 8(11.3%) was obtained from the male subjects compared to 16 (14.7%) seropositivity recorded for the female subjects (P = 0.511; P > 0.05). Considering age distribution, Subjects aged 41-50 years recorded, 9 (22.5%) positivity (P= 0.238; P>0.05).Considering educational status of subjects screened, 22 (14.9%) positivity was rescored among subjects who have attained tertiary status of education.( P = 0.574;P>0.05).Risk factors considered showed that, 7 (18.9%) seropositive subject were alcoholic consumers(P value = 0.2621;P>0.05) while 5 (8.9%) recorded history of sharing sharp objects P= 0.2427;P>0.05).Conclusion: Our study shows a slightly higher prevalence of hepatitis C infection in type 2 diabetics. This call for urgent routine screening exercise among diabetic patients for HCV infection. This study also emphasizes the need for public enlightenment on the association between HCV infection and T2DM, to avert possible complications among diabetic patients.

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Strategies to manage hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection disease burden - volume 2

Journal of Viral Hepatitis ◽

10.1111/jvh.12352 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 46-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

E. Gane ◽

D. Kershenobich ◽

C. Seguin-Devaux ◽

P. Kristian ◽

I. Aho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Disease Burden ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Infection Disease

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Role of Some Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Hepatitis C Virus Associated Liver Disease

10.51429/ejmm29302 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 9-17

Author(s):

Amal F. Makled ◽

Enas M. Ghoneim ◽

Nashwa A.E. Shebl ◽

Ayman A. Azzam ◽

Hala A. El Refai Khalil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Antiviral Drug ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Stem Cell Markers ◽

Hepatitis C Infection ◽

Cancer Stem Cell Markers ◽

Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽

Apparently Healthy

Background: Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus is one of major risk factors in the development of the hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) particularly with biomarkers (CD133, CD90 and CK19) show higher ability for self-renewal, differentiation and also tumorigenesis. Objectives: to evaluate the role of CD133, CD90 and CK19 in detection and prognosis of HCC on top of HCV infection. Methodology: This study enrolled 75 participants; 30 HCC patients secondary to HCV infection, 15 HCV patients before receiving the antiviral drug treatment, 15 HCV patients who completed the course of antiviral therapy for 3 months and 15 age and sex-matched apparently healthy volunteers. HCV was detected and quantitated by Quantitative RealTime PCR and the expression level of CD133, CD90 and CK19 on PBMC was determined by Quantitative Real-Time reverse transcription PCR. Results: this study showed high significant increase in mean expression values of CD133, CD90 & CK19 was in patients with HCC than other studied groups. Also, they were highly significantly increased in HCV patients before than those after receiving treatment and their expression showed high significant positive correlation with HCV load. Conclusion: There were higher expressions of CSC biomarkers (CD133, CD90 and Ck19) in patients with HCC in comparison with those with hepatitis C infection. Their expressions had good diagnostic and prognostic values for HCC.

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