scholarly journals The Consumption Expenditure of Households in Turkey: Demand System Estimation with Pseudo Panel Data

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seda Şengül ◽  
Çiler Sigeze
Keyword(s):  
Household Size ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Demand System ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Statistical Institute ◽  
Demand System Estimation

In this study, micro data sets obtained by 2005 and 2009 Household Budget Surveys compiled by Turkish Statistical Institute were used to estimate the parameters of household consumption demand and calculate the income-demand elasticities of consumer goods. Total expenditures of the households in this data set delivered into the following 12 different categories of goods and services. The expenditure share of these different categories of goods and services is the dependent variable of this model. In addition, the total household expenditure, the squared total household expenditure, the household size adjusted in accordance with the OECD equivalence scale and the logarithms of squared household size are the independent variables used in the study. The Seemingly Unrelated Regression Equations (SURE) is used to estimate the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QAIDS) so as to determine the demand parameters of the main commodity groups. The principal result of the study is that the consumption elasticities of the food and nonalcoholic beverages, housing, water, electricity, fuel, clothing and footwear, furniture and house appliances, communications, alcoholic beverages, cigarette and tobacco expenditure are less than 1. Therefore, it can be said that these commodity groups are considered to be mandatory goods. On the other hand, the consumption elasticities of the health, transportation, education services, entertainment and culture, restaurants, hotels, patisseries are more than 1. Thus, these commodity groups are considered to be luxury goods. In this regard, the study concludes that Turkey is considered to be a developing country in terms of the consumption characteristics.

The Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in Jamaica and Its Association With Household Expenditure Allocation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Paraje ◽  
Fabio S Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Probit Model ◽  
Budget Allocation ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Future Outcomes

Abstract Background. Overweight and obesity are important drivers for the increasing healthcare and other social costs. Apart from present social costs, consumption of SSB may have an effect on future outcomes, from family future wellbeing to national economic growth. If expenditures on SSB decrease expenditures on other goods and services, such as education and healthcare, this “crowding-out” may have a lasting effect. The objective of this article is to estimate the statistical association between the decision of spending in SSB and budget allocation in JamaicaMethods. Using the Jamaican Household Expenditure Survey 2004-2005 a generalized ordered probit model was estimated to examine the association between socioeconomic variables and the decision to purchase SSB. Seemingly Unrelated Regression Equations (SURE) of all the expenditure groups (except the SSB group) were used to estimate the association between the decision of buying SSB and budget allocation on other goods and services.Results. Purchases of SSB are negatively affected by the size of the household and the area of residence (rural households purchase more SSB than urban ones), while having a larger proportion of children (15 or younger) and having a larger total budget is associated to more expenditures on SSB. Households with positive expenditure on SSB allocate significantly less budget to “Health” and “Education”, when compared to those who did not buy SSB. Conclusions. SSB purchases may crowd-out expenditures in essential goods and services, which implies that decreasing the amount spent on SSB may have important present and future consequences on poorer households’ welfare.

A system for compatible prediction of total and merchantable volumes allowing for different definitions of tree volume

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Nunes ◽  
José Tomé ◽  
Margarida Tomé
Keyword(s):  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Generalized Least Squares ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Maritime Pine ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Forest Inventories ◽  
Taper Equation

A system of equations for compatible prediction of total and merchantable volumes that allows for different definitions of tree volume was developed in this study. The use of the developed system will allow the conversion and subsequent comparison of results from forest inventories using different definitions of tree volume (e.g., including or not the top material of the tree and (or) the stump, inside or outside bark). The compatibility between taper, total volume, and volume ratio equations is ensured by properly integrating the taper equation. The diameter under the bark at any height is modeled with the Demaerschalk taper equation, and the corresponding diameter over the bark is obtained by assuming that bark thickness is also modeled with Demaerschalk’s function. The set of equations that has contemporaneous cross-equation error correlation (known as nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression equations) was fit using nonlinear joint generalized least squares regression. The predictive ability was evaluated using an independent data set. The system is consistent and performs well when applied to maritime pine ( Pinus pinaster Ait.) trees in Portugal, showing better performance than do other total volume equations for maritime pine used in the latest Portuguese national forest inventories.

scholarly journals Relationship between smoking and health and education spending in Chile

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 560-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Paraje ◽  
Daniel Araya
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Equation System ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Statistical Relationship ◽  
Budget Share ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Nationally Representative

ObjectiveTo estimate the degree to which tobacco consumption is associated with spending on a set of goods and services in Chile, especially health and education, for the total population as well as for specific subgroups.MethodsA seemingly unrelated regression equation system was used to estimate the statistical relationship between having tobacco expenditures and the budget share allocated to other items for the total population and for specific subgroups in Chile (eg, households within the bottom/top 33% by total expenditures). The use of household-level data allows for the control of a number of sociodemographic characteristics. The nationally representative 2012 Chilean Household Expenditure Survey was used for the analysis.ResultsTobacco consumption is associated with lower budget shares allocated to healthcare, education and housing expenses, especially for poorer households. In the case of health, not consuming tobacco is related to higher health expenditures: up to 32% for the total population. Similarly, in the case of education, not consuming tobacco is statistically related to higher education expenditures: up to 16% for the total population. For all groups, tobacco consumption is also related to a significantly higher budget share allocated to alcoholic beverages.ConclusionsThe strong significant statistical relationship found between tobacco consumption and resources allocated to healthcare and education consumption may be indicative of the existence of a crowding out effect of tobacco. This effect, in turn, may increase the burden that the rest of society must bear for the increased healthcare that they require because of tobacco consumption.

PSVI-8 Meta-regression Analysis to Determine the Relationship Between Growing Pig Body Weight and Variation

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
Andres Fernando T Russi ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The swine industry has been constantly evolving to select animals with improved performance traits and to minimize variation in body weight (BW) in order to meet packer specifications. Therefore, understanding variation presents an opportunity for producers to find strategies that could help reduce, manage, or deal with variation of pigs in a barn. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by collecting data from multiple studies and available data sets in order to develop prediction equations for coefficient of variation (CV) and standard deviation (SD) as a function of BW. Information regarding BW variation from 16 papers was recorded to provide approximately 204 data points. Together, these data included 117,268 individually weighed pigs with a sample size that ranged from 104 to 4,108 pigs. A random-effects model with study used as a random effect was developed. Observations were weighted using sample size as an estimate for precision on the analysis, where larger data sets accounted for increased accuracy in the model. Regression equations were developed using the nlme package of R to determine the relationship between BW and its variation. Polynomial regression analysis was conducted separately for each variation measurement. When CV was reported in the data set, SD was calculated and vice versa. The resulting prediction equations were: CV (%) = 20.04 – 0.135 × (BW) + 0.00043 × (BW)2, R2=0.79; SD = 0.41 + 0.150 × (BW) - 0.00041 × (BW)2, R2 = 0.95. These equations suggest that there is evidence for a decreasing quadratic relationship between mean CV of a population and BW of pigs whereby the rate of decrease is smaller as mean pig BW increases from birth to market. Conversely, the rate of increase of SD of a population of pigs is smaller as mean pig BW increases from birth to market.

Robust SURE estimates of profitability in the Egyptian insurance market

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ahmed H. Youssef ◽  
Amr R. Kamel ◽  
Mohamed R. Abonazel
Keyword(s):  
Robust Regression ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Robust Estimators ◽  
Exogenous Variables ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Mm Estimation

This paper proposed three robust estimators (M-estimation, S-estimation, and MM-estimation) for handling the problem of outlier values in seemingly unrelated regression equations (SURE) models. The SURE model is one of regression multivariate cases, which have especially assumption, i.e., correlation between errors on the multivariate linear models; by considering multiple regression equations that are linked by contemporaneously correlated disturbances. Moreover, the effects of outliers may permeate through the system of equations; the primary aim of SURE which is to achieve efficiency in estimation, but this is questionable. The goal of robust regression is to develop methods that are resistant to the possibility that one or several unknown outliers may occur anywhere in the data. In this paper, we study and compare the performance of robust estimations with the traditional non-robust (ordinary least squares and Zellner) estimations based on a real dataset of the Egyptian insurance market during the financial year from 1999 to 2018. In our study, we selected the three most important insurance companies in Egypt operating in the same field of insurance activity (personal and property insurance). The effect of some important indicators (exogenous variables) issued by insurance corporations on the net profit has been studied. The results showed that robust estimators greatly improved the efficiency of the SURE estimation, and the best robust estimation is MM-estimation. Moreover, the selected exogenous variables in our study have a significant effect on the net profit in the Egyptian insurance market.

scholarly journals U.S. Consumer Demand for Plant-Based Milk Alternative Beverages: Hedonic Metric Augmented Barten’s Synthetic Model

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Tingyi Yang ◽  
Senarath Dharmasena
Keyword(s):  
Hedonic Pricing ◽  
Demand System ◽  
Soy Milk ◽  
Purchasing Behavior ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Hedonic Pricing Model ◽  
Inelastic Demand ◽  
Demand System Estimation ◽  
Nutritional Data ◽  
Conventional Milk

Consumers in the U.S. increasingly prefer plant-based milk alternative beverages (abbreviated “plant milk”) to conventional milk. This study is motivated by the need to take into consideration varied nutritional and qualitative attributes in plant milk to examine consumers’ purchasing behavior and estimate demand elasticities which are achieved by a new approach combing hedonic pricing model with Barten’s synthetic demand system. The method of estimation is enlightened from the common practice of companies differentiating their products in multidimensions in terms of attributes. A research dataset was uniquely created by associating the products’ purchase data from Nielsen Homescan dataset with exclusive first-hand nutritional data. Estimations began with creating a multidimensional hedonic attribute space based on the qualitative information of different types of plant milk and conventional milk available to consumers and then calculating the hedonic distances by Euclidean distance measurement to reparametrize Barten’s synthetic demand system. Estimation results showed that the highest own-price elasticity pertained to soy milk which was −0.25. Three plant milk types had inelastic demand. Soy milk exerted substituting effects on all types of conventional milk products and vice versa. Soy milk, rice milk and almond milk entertained complementary relationships between each other and four types of conventional milk were strong substitutes within the group.

scholarly journals Consumption and Beef Price Changes on Demand in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Doppy Roy Nendissa ◽  
Ratya Anindita ◽  
Nikmatul Khoiriyah ◽  
Ana Arifatus Sa’diyah
Keyword(s):  
Income Elasticity ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Demand Elasticity ◽  
Demand System ◽  
Estimation Of Parameters ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
On Demand

Households consume animal protein after carbohydrate food is fulfilled, moreover animal protein prices are increasing. This study aims to analyze the effect of rising beef prices on demand. The demand system approach uses the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) model. Estimation of parameters using Iterated non-linear Seemingly Unrelated Regression. The research data use the 2016 National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas, 2016), amounting to 10,751 households. The results of the study concluded that beef is the third most elastic animal food after fresh fish and chicken meat. Fresh fish in the most elastic among all animal foods with a demand elasticity of 3.31%, followed by chicken, beef, milk powder, and eggs with demand elasticities of 1.55%, 1.62%, 1.29%, and 0.80%, respectively. Beef is a luxury item with an income elasticity of 1.59%, as well as fresh fish, chicken meat, and milk powder. While eggs are normal goods. Although fresh fish is more elastic than beef, beef marginal expenditure share (MES) is higher than fresh fish MES, so that in the long run, the increase in household income tends to increase beef consumption more than fresh fish.

Tax Reform and Welfare Measurement: Do We Need Demand System Estimation?

1996 ◽  
Vol 106 (438) ◽  
pp. 1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Banks ◽  
Richard Blundell ◽  
Arthur Lewbel
Keyword(s):  
Tax Reform ◽  
Demand System ◽  
Welfare Measurement ◽  
Demand System Estimation
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