scholarly journals A Vicious Circle: The Interaction between Income Distribution and Household Indebtedness in the Neoliberal Era

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
İpek Tekin ◽  
Başak Gül Akar
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
The United States ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Debt Burden ◽  
Neoliberal Policies ◽  
Outstanding Issue

In the neoliberal era, financialization of the economies is associated both with large-scale speculative movements in the financial sector and over-indebtedness. The fact that there were significant increases in household indebtedness in the United States before the 2008/09 global financial crisis made the growing indebtedness an outstanding issue that should be examined in terms of its supply and demand-side causes and its distributive consequences. Increasing inequality in income distribution has been an important consideration associated with the increase in household indebtedness. In a sense, the borrowing opportunities enable working households to maintain their consumption and living standards in the short term despite the stagnation in wages and thus increasing inequality, but it does not prevent them from undergoing an unsustainable debt burden. This debt burden creates a feedback effect by deepening the existing inequality. The purpose of this study is to reveal the macro and micro dynamics associated with neoliberal policies that create the supposed relationship between inequality and household indebtedness and to try to interpret the increasing household indebtedness and income inequality in Turkey in the 2000s within this framework.

Guestworkers: Lessons from Western Europe

ILR Review ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Martin ◽  
Mark J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Illegal Immigration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Similar Program ◽  
Source Countries

This article appraises the postwar guestworker programs in France, Switzerland, and the Federal Republic of Germany in light of the proposal that a similar program be adopted in the United States. The authors agree that these programs provided significant short-term economic benefits in meeting the labor shortages experienced in Western Europe until recently. These programs also created several serious problems, however, leading the authors to conclude that a large-scale American temporary worker program (1) may reduce but not end illegal immigration; (2) will evolve into a resident, not short-term, worker program; (3) is likely to produce discrimination against migrant workers; (4) will not improve U.S. relations with labor-source countries; and (5) will exacerbate the employment problems of American minorities.

Interpersonal Psychotherapy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceth Ashen ◽  
Ann Back-Price ◽  
Olga Belik-Tuller ◽  
Anna Brandon ◽  
Scott Fairhurst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Interpersonal Psychotherapy ◽  
Grief And Loss ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Key Words Adolescents ◽  
Clinical Tools ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is an empirically validated treatment for affective, anxiety, and eating disorders. IPT rests on attachment theory and posits that individuals become distressed when they have interpersonal problems, conceptualized in IPT as transitions, interpersonal disputes, or grief and loss issues. IPT is short term, with a typical dosing range of six to 20 sessions followed by maintenance treatment to reduce the risk of relapse. Dissemination of IPT has greatly increased over the last decade, with several large-scale efforts in public health settings in the United States and abroad. We review the basics of IPT for depression and anxiety. We also describe its application to groups and adolescents. Recently developed clinical tools that have enhanced the delivery of IPT and have increased fidelity are described. Opportunities for training in IPT are also reviewed. This review contains 10 figures, 1 table, and 71 references. Key words: adolescents, anxiety, depression, grief and loss, group therapy, interpersonal inventory, interpersonal psychotherapy, interpersonal summary, maintenance psychotherapy, posttraumatic stress disorder

America’s Great Decoupling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lane Kenworthy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Main Factor

This chapter sets out the significant extent to which the fruits of economic growth since the late 1970s have gone to the very top of the income distribution in the case of the United States. There has been little growth in real wages and incomes for most households, with dual earning being the main source of any such increase. The chapter identifies the growth in incomes at the very top as the main factor accounting for stagnation across the rest of the distribution, and discussed the range of channels through which this relationship operates, more and less directly. It also discusses broader debates about the extent to which real incomes are likely to reflect changes in living standards, and concludes that, while not telling the whole story, they remain central.

scholarly journals An Income Distributing Optimization Model for Cooperative Operation among Different Types of Power Sellers Considering Different Scenarios

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenbo Yang ◽  
Zhongfu Tan ◽  
Liwei Ju ◽  
Hongyu Lin ◽  
Gejirifu De ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Net Income

To alleviate the shortcomings of large-scale grid connections for clean energy, which require stable thermoelectric units to provide backup services, a stable cooperative alliance among different energy types of power sellers must be established. Consequently, a reasonable method to distribute income is required, due to different contributions of each entity in the alliance. Therefore, this paper constructs a comprehensive correction algorithm for income distribution using an improved Shapely value method. We analyze the operating mode of the power seller, and establish the net income calculation model under both independent and alliance operations. We then establish an alliance operation optimization model that considers the constraints of unit output, as well as the balance between supply and demand, with the goal of maximizing income. Finally, an industrial park in a province of northern China is taken as an example to verify the model’s practicability and effectiveness. The results show that the power sales alliance can effectively promote clean energy consumption. The maximum reduction in thermal power generation and CO2 is 8510 MW and 684.515 tons, respectively. We apply the algorithm to income distribution and find that the thermal power seller’s income increased by ¥1,463,870, which enhances the stability of the alliance. Therefore, our income distributing optimization model guarantees the interests of each participant to the greatest extent, and serves as an important reference for income distribution.

Right-Wing YouTube: A Supply and Demand Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 194016122096476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Munger ◽  
Joseph Phillips
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
The United States ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Descriptive Information ◽  
Technological Affordances

YouTube is the most used social network in the United States and the only major platform that is more popular among right-leaning users. We propose the “Supply and Demand” framework for analyzing politics on YouTube, with an eye toward understanding dynamics among right-wing video producers and consumers. We discuss a number of novel technological affordances of YouTube as a platform and as a collection of videos, and how each might drive supply of or demand for extreme content. We then provide large-scale longitudinal descriptive information about the supply of and demand for conservative political content on YouTube. We demonstrate that viewership of far-right videos peaked in 2017.

scholarly journals The legacy of large dams in the United States

AMBIO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliano Di Baldassarre ◽  
Maurizio Mazzoleni ◽  
Maria Rusca
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Expansion ◽  
Large Dams ◽  
Increase Water Consumption

AbstractThe sustainability of large dams has been questioned on several grounds. One aspect that has been less explored is that the development of dams and reservoirs often enables agricultural expansion and urban growth, which in turn increase water consumption. As such, dam development influences, while being influenced by, the spatial and temporal distribution of both supply and demand of water resources. In this paper, we explore the interplay between large dams, patterns of population growth and agricultural expansion in the United States over the past two centuries. Based on a large-scale analysis of spatial and temporal trends, we identify three distinct phases, in which different processes dominated the interplay. Then, we focus on agricultural water use in the Southwest region (Arizona, California and Nevada) and explore chicken-and-egg dynamics where water supply partly meets and partly fuels water demand. Lastly, we show that the legacy of dams in the United States consists of a lock-in condition characterized by high levels of water consumption, especially in the Southwest, which leads to severe water crises and groundwater overexploitation when droughts occur.

Uncertainty and the Changing Oil Business Worldwide: Norwegian Petroleum Lawyers' Seminar, October 30, 1986

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-139
Author(s):  
J. E. McNabb
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Considerable Excess ◽  
Oil Demand ◽  
Near Term

The petroleum industry is being challenged by price volatility and substantially reduced cash flow. In recent years, the decline in worldwide oil demand coupled with rising non-OPEC production has resulted in considerable excess productive capacity in the hands of OPEC. If OPEC fails to adhere to production restraint, world oil prices could tumble toward their short-term economic floor of less than $10. It appears more likely, however, that OPEC will manage its surplus capacity reasonably well and prices will fluctuate around the upper teen level for the near term. As the supply and demand balance tightens in the 1990s, prices can be expected to move up significantly. Free-world oil demand is expected to rise about 1% a year, with much of that growth in the developing nations and in the United States. Oil supply from sources outside OPEC will likely decline about 2% a year. The net result will be an expanded market for OPEC oil, and a rising world dependence on Middle East sources. In this environment, companies need responsive strategies and reasonable government policies to preserve their viability and to provide an energy-secure future for consumers.

scholarly journals A Hierarchy Model of Income Distribution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blair Fix
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Top Incomes ◽  
United States Economy ◽  
Hierarchy Model ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure

Based on worldly experience, most people would agree that firms are hierarchically organized, and that pay tends to increase as one moves up the hierarchy. But how this hierarchical structure affects income distribution has not been widely studied. To remedy this situation, this paper presents a new model of income distribution that explores the effects of social hierarchy. This 'hierarchy model' takes the limited available evidence on the structure of firm hierarchies, and generalizes it to create a large-scale simulation of the hierarchical structure of the United States economy. Using this model, I conduct the first quantitative investigation of hierarchy's effect on income distribution. I find that hierarchy plays a dominant role in shaping the tail of US income distribution. The model suggests that hierarchy is responsible for generating the power-law scaling of top incomes. Moreover, I find that hierarchy can be used to unify the study of personal and functional income distribution, as well as to understand historical trends in income inequality.

Cultural Awareness of Students in Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Mixed-Methods Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1231-1242
Author(s):  
Celeste Domsch ◽  
Lori Stiritz ◽  
Jay Huff
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
Cultural Awareness ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Global Awareness ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Short Term Study

Purpose This study used a mixed-methods design to assess changes in students' cultural awareness during and following a short-term study abroad. Method Thirty-six undergraduate and graduate students participated in a 2-week study abroad to England during the summers of 2016 and 2017. Quantitative data were collected using standardized self-report measures administered prior to departure and after returning to the United States and were analyzed using paired-samples t tests. Qualitative data were collected in the form of daily journal reflections during the trip and interviews after returning to the United States and analyzed using phenomenological methods. Results No statistically significant changes were evident on any standardized self-report measures once corrections for multiple t tests were applied. In addition, a ceiling effect was found on one measure. On the qualitative measures, themes from student transcripts included increased global awareness and a sense of personal growth. Conclusions Measuring cultural awareness poses many challenges. One is that social desirability bias may influence responses. A second is that current measures of cultural competence may exhibit ceiling or floor effects. Analysis of qualitative data may be more useful in examining effects of participation in a short-term study abroad, which appears to result in decreased ethnocentrism and increased global awareness in communication sciences and disorders students. Future work may wish to consider the long-term effects of participation in a study abroad for emerging professionals in the field.

Quality Control of Data in a Large-Scale Cancer Register Program

1966 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. I. Lourie ◽  
W. Haenszeland
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Cancer Register ◽  
Independent Review ◽  
End Results

Quality control of data collected in the United States by the Cancer End Results Program utilizing punchcards prepared by participating registries in accordance with a Uniform Punchcard Code is discussed. Existing arrangements decentralize responsibility for editing and related data processing to the local registries with centralization of tabulating and statistical services in the End Results Section, National Cancer Institute. The most recent deck of punchcards represented over 600,000 cancer patients; approximately 50,000 newly diagnosed cases are added annually.Mechanical editing and inspection of punchcards and field audits are the principal tools for quality control. Mechanical editing of the punchcards includes testing for blank entries and detection of in-admissable or inconsistent codes. Highly improbable codes are subjected to special scrutiny. Field audits include the drawing of a 1-10 percent random sample of punchcards submitted by a registry; the charts are .then reabstracted and recoded by a NCI staff member and differences between the punchcard and the results of independent review are noted.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document