scholarly journals Effect of Substance Abuse on Nigeria’s Economic Performance

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Jossy Ijie Ikhayere ◽  
Abdurrauf Idowu Babalola ◽  
Muhammad Yelwa
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
Individual Drug ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Bound Test

Purpose of the study: This study investigated the effect of substance abuse on the real growth rate in Nigeria between 1993 and 2017. The study specifically examined the period-based impact of substance abuse prevalence and rehabilitated individual drug addicts on the actual growth rate of the Nigerian economy. Methodology: Autoregressive distributed lag and co-integration/bound test techniques were employed to analyze the data obtained. In between, correlation analysis and preliminary tests were carried out. Main findings: The study found out that substance abuse and rehabilitated drug individuals have a significant impact on economic performance. While substance abuse has a significant negative impact, rehabilitated, individual drug addicts have a significant positive impact. However, in the long run, there was no indication of a significant impact on the Nigerian economy. Research limitations/implications: This study will be of use to the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and most drug control programs in many countries. The Ministries of Economic Planning to examine the extent to which drug abuse has had an economic impact. Novelty/Originality of this study: Economic analysis showcasing the effect of drug abuse prevalence and rehabilitated individuals on economic performance is quite scanty. This work creates a good reference point in areas of health economics and macroeconomics generally. It allows readers to know the genesis of drug trafficking and abuse in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Government Expenditure on Substance Abuse and Economic Growth in Nigeria: An Analytical Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Abdurrauf BABALOLA ◽  
◽  
Jossy Ikhayere IJIE ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
Government Organization ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Real Growth

The study specifically examined the short and long run impact government expenditure on substance abuse prevalence and rehabilitated drug addicts on the real growth rate on the Nigeria economy. Real Growth rate was made the dependent variable while government capital expenditure, government recurrent expenditure and number of rehabilitated drug addicts stood as explanatory variables. Analysis was carried using the ARDL technique. Findings revealed that there existed, in the short run, a significant impact of government recurrent, capital expenditure and rehabilitated drug individuals on real economic growth. However, in the long run, only capital expenditure on substance abuse has significant impact on the real growth rate in the Nigeria economy. It is therefore suggested that, combating the menace of drug abuse prevalence and trafficking needs the co-operation of all. To that extent government and non-government organization at both local and international level must network to ensure effective control. Therefore, adequate funds should be made available to government organization involved in drug demand reduction activities. Employment opportunities should also be created by the government to get user/ traffickers out of the illegal business. Massive preventive drug abuse education and enlightenment that emphasize healthy life style should be embarked upon frequently.

scholarly journals The Urbanisation Impacts on the Policy Effects of the Carbon Tax in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6749
Author(s):  
Shuyang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Socioeconomic Impacts ◽  
Policy Effects ◽  
Distributed Lag

In the literature, very few studies have focused on how urbanisation will influence the policy effects of a climate policy even though urbanisation does have profound socioeconomic impacts. This paper has explored the interrelations among the urbanisation, carbon emissions, GDP, and energy consumption in China using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. Then, the unit urbanisation impacts are inputted into the policy evaluation framework of the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model in 2015–2030. The results show that the urbanisation had a positive impact on the GDP but a negative impact on the carbon emissions in 1980–2014. These impacts were statistically significant, but its impact on the energy consumption was not statistically significant. In 2015–2030, the urbanisation will have negative impacts on the carbon emissions and intensity. It will decrease the GDP and the household welfare under the carbon tax. The urbanisation will increase the average social cost of carbon (ASCC). Hence, the urbanisation will reinforce the policy effects of the carbon tax on the emissions and welfare.

scholarly journals The Trade-Off Between Economic Performance and Environmental Quality: Does Financial Inclusion Asymmetrically Matter for Emerging Asian Economies?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Liu ◽  
Yuantao Xie ◽  
Muhammad Hafeez ◽  
Ahmed Usman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Insurance Premium ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Bank Credit ◽  
Bank Branches ◽  
Long Run

Abstract This study examines the role of financial inclusion on the environment-economic performance in the top five Asian emerging economies. The data used for empirical investigation covers the time period from 1995 to 2019. Financial inclusion is measured through bank branches, bank credit, and insurance premiums. To check long-run associations, the panel-ARDL approach has been employed for empirical analysis. The empirical evidence confirms the significant associations between financial inclusion-GDP nexus and financial inclusion-CO2 nexus. The findings show that bank branches and bank credit have a significantly positive impact on economic growth and CO2 emissions in the long-run. However, insurance premium has no impact on economic growth but it exerts a significant negative impact on carbon emissions in the long-run. Furthermore, energy consumption is highly sensitive to economic growth and carbon emissions. The study delivers imperative points for pollution eradication and attaining sustained economic growth. There is a need for government-level efforts to align the targets of financial inclusion with economic growth and environmental policies.

Optimizing environmental expenditures for maximizing economic performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 2544-2561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitish Singh ◽  
Jieqiong Ma ◽  
Jie Yang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Global Reporting Initiative ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Product Stewardship ◽  
New Perspective

Purpose Corporate environmental expenditure has been a growing concern in recent years, yet mixed findings exist regarding its economic impact. The purpose of this paper is to explain the mixed relationship between environmental expenditure and economic performance from the natural-resource-based view. Design/methodology/approach Using Global Reporting Initiative survey data from 120 firms in 30 countries, this study uses PROCESS, a path-based analysis software, to test the moderation and mediation hypotheses in an integrated analytical model. Findings The findings show that environmental expenditure has a negative impact on economic performance through pollution prevention capability. In contrast, environmental expenditure has a positive impact on economic performance through product stewardship capability. Both effects are significantly strengthened when the firm is located in an environmentally munificent country. Practical implications This study intends to inform firm managers, especially those in environmentally munificent countries, to relocate their environmental expenditure to enhance firms’ economic performance. In particular, firms should focus more on the reduction of input, such as raw materials, energy, and water, instead of output, including emissions, effluents, and wastes. Originality/value The contrasting indirect effects of pollution prevention and product stewardship offer a viable explanation for the mixed findings in the existent literature on environmental expenditure from a new perspective.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Fertility – New Evidence from Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (36) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Atif Awad ◽  
Ishak Yussof
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Education And Employment

Abstract This research paper investigates long and short term determinants of fertility rates in Malaysia based on basic macroeconomic variables for the period 1980-2014 using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method. The study reveals that over a long term period, all the selected variables (GDP, infant mortality rate, females’ education and employment) have had significant and negative impact on total fertility rates. Whilst during the short term period, only the infant mortality rate has had a positive impact. Since population growth is partly determined by fertility rates, efforts to increase population in Malaysia should consider factors that affect those rates.

scholarly journals Does Climate Change Have Real Negative Impact on Economic Growth in Poor Countries? Evidence from Cote d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Felix Fofana N’Zué ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Growth Change ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this paper is to determine the impact of climate change on Cote d’Ivoire’s economic performance via per capita gross domestic product (GDP) growth, change in agricultural value added, and change in the country’s cereal yield. The data ranged from 1960 to 2016. An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is used to investigate the long run dynamics between climate variables (precipitation and temperature) and the country’s per capita GDP, agricultural value added as % of GDP, and cereal yield. We found that climate change has not significantly impacted the economic performance of the country. However, precipitation has been found to have positively and significantly influenced the country’s cereal yield and agricultural value added contribution to GDP at large, and thus there is no need to worry more than it is necessary.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Financial Performance of Tourism Destination Firms Listed on Stock Exchanges in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingchen Cui
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Total Asset ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Tourism Destination ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate

Purpose: the aim of this research is to test the effect of financial ratio on the financial performance of tourism destination firms listed on stock exchange in China. The research selected ratios: current ratio (CR) as a dimension of liquidity, total asset turnover ratio (TATR) as a dimension of asset utilization, debt ratio (DE) as a dimension of leverage, natural logarithm of total asset (LNTA) as a dimension of firm size, GDP growth rate as a dimension of economic prosperity, and effective tax rate as a dimension of effective tax. This research will use return on asset (ROA), return on sales (ROS), return on equity (ROE) and sales growth (SG) to determine the financial performance. Since stock exchange founded in China, tourism destination firm developed very fast. However tourism destination listed firms have weakness financial performance. Design/methodology/approach: the research data collected from quarterly financial report, from 2012 Q1 to 2018 Q4. The secondary data has been analyzed by multiple regression. Finding: the result indicate that CR, TATR, GDP growth rate have positive impact on financial performance. While DE has negative impact on financial performance. And LNTA has a mix result with financial performance. Originality/value: This study led to the effect of financial ratios on tourism’s financial performance since past researches with this aim were difficult to identify and certain references were not specifically linked to the topic.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Monetary and Fiscal Policies on Economic Growth in Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-130
Author(s):  
Chai-Thing Tan ◽  
Azali Mohamed ◽  
Muzafar Shah Habibullah ◽  
Lee Chin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
The Impact

This article analyses the impact of monetary and fiscal policies on economic growth in Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand from 1980:Q1 to 2017:Q1. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach is employed to determine the long-run relationship. Further, a range of econometric models, such as fully modified least squares method (FMOLS), canonical cointegration regression (CCR) and dynamic ordinary least squares method (DOLS), are applied to check the robustness. The results are stable and robust as all the models yield consistency result. The main findings in this study demonstrate that: (a) interest rate had a negative impact on economic growth in three selected countries. (b) Government spending had a negative impact on economic growth in Malaysia and Singapore, but had a positive impact in Thailand. (c) Monetary policy is more effective in Malaysia and Singapore, while fiscal policy is more effective in Thailand. JEL Classification: E52, E58, E62, C01

scholarly journals Impact of Budget Deficit on Inflation: A Case Study of Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-58
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hamza ◽  
Muhammad Azhar Bhatti ◽  
Kokab Kiran
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Indicator ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Official Exchange Rate ◽  
The Government

The research is concerned with examining the effect of budget deficit on inflation a case of Pakistan economy. As inflation is one of the most prominent macro-economic indicator which tells us about how the prices in country are reacting and subsequently how other factors are being affected. So in this study we have analyzed the effect of budget deficit on inflation. As Pakistan is a developing nation where inflation and budget deficit are two major issues so for that reason we included the effect of budget deficit.  The dependent variable is inflation and independent variables are money supply, GDP growth, unemployment, official exchange rate and fiscal deficit. The data is from 1985 to 2017. For checking unit root we applied augmented dickey fuller test and the study applied the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) method. The data is taken from world development indicator and from Pakistan Economic Survey. The results conclude that budget deficit, GDP growth and money supply have positive impact while unemployment and official exchange rate have negative impact. The study suggests that the government should focus on generating new revenue sources rather the foreign financing.

scholarly journals FDI-Led-Growth in Malaysia: Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds Testing Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Jerome Kueh ◽  
Yong Sze Wei
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
The Impact

This study intends to investigate the validity of the foreign direct investment, FDI-led-growth hypothesis in Malaysia in this era. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test approach is adopted to examine the impact of FDI inflow towards growth of Malaysia based on annually data from 1980 to 2016. Empirical results indicate that FDI inflow has significant positive impact on economic growth. This implies that FDI inflow remain important tool for stimulating economic growth of Malaysia. In addition, there is a negative impact of FDI inflow on economic growth during the 1997 Asian Financial crisis and positive impact during the 2008 Global Financial crisis. In terms of policy recommendation, the policy makers should continue to develop strategies to further attract FDI that will contribute to increasing the productivity in the country.

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