scholarly journals "Painting in Arabic": Etel Adnan and the Invention of a New Language

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Silvia Naef

This article deals with Etel Adnan’s complex and original relation with the Arabic language, and with her concern for the situation of wars and destruction in the Arab world. It tries to analyze how, by “painting in Arabic,” Adnan not only finds a solution to her linguistic quest, but also gives word to her political commitment to the region. And finally, “painting in Arabic” makes her one of the main representatives of the Hurufiyya movement, a fundamental modernist pictorial trend in the Arab world.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zaenuri

AbstractThis paper aims to explain ta’rib which is a term from Arabic linguistics. In addition, this paper will also explain how the implications of learning about learning Arabic for non-Arabic learners. Ta'rib is the absorption of new words and terms from non-Arabic languages to Arabic by changing their pronunciation to follow patterns and rules in Arabic. Ta'rib can be done in two ways, first forming a new term to replace foreign terms, the two using foreign languages with Arabic patterns that are in accordance with the stipulated conditions. The implication ta’rib of learning Arabic for learners from outside the Arab world includes 1) giving mufradatfusha before the mufradat ‘amiyyah; 2) emphasize students to use Arabic fusha; 3) emphasize students to look for a translation in the dictionary before absorbing it directly; 4) introducing examples of foreign vocabulary that do not have equivalents in Arabic; 5) explain the provisions that apply to the owner ta’rib before Arabic language learning takes place; 6) emphasizes on students to pay attention to the rules of writing Latin letters that do not have equivalents in Arabic.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asil Qasim ◽  
Rashid Yahiaoui

The critical comparison of subtitling and dubbing has long been a subject of discussion by many researchers in the field of Audiovisual Translation. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study to investigate the role of subtitling and dubbing in vocabulary acquisition has been carried out in the Arab world. The aim of the present study is to measure the effect of Audiovisual Translation modalities, mainly subtitling and dubbing, in the acquisition of Arabic vocabulary in an Arabic as a foreign language class (AFL) carried out at Sultan Qaboos College for Teaching Arabic For Non-Native Speakers. In order to do this a couple of questions needed answers 1) Which modality (subtitling and/or dubbing) is more conducive to vocabulary acquisition in the Arabic language? And 2) Which modality is more efficient in the long-term memory retention of Arabic vocabulary? Thirty upper intermediate students participated in this case study, which involved them watching a four-minute clip of the American TV series Designated Survivor in three versions: (a) subtitled into Arabic, (b) dubbed into Arabic, and (c) dubbed and subtitled in Arabic. The results showed that all groups were able to acquire and retain second language (L2) vocabulary; however, the dubbing group achieved higher results in both the immediate post-test and the delayed post-test.


Author(s):  
Nada Shabout

The perception of the Arabic letter in art has gone through many changes from the Islamic civilization to the modern age. Following the political and socio-cultural changes of the 19th and 20th century, the Arabic script lost its sacredness. After decades of limited existence in traditional craft, the Arabic letter reappeared in modern Arab art around the middle of the 20th century on nationalistic bases. The Arabic language had acquired a high value during the age of colonialism as a symbol of national identity, a unifier; this value only grew stronger with time. The letter was also a signifier that aided twentieth-century Arab artists in their artistic identity crisis. A number of art groups—such as the Baghdad Group of Modern Art, formed in 1951—were established with their focus on a search for a local or national art style through ‘istilham al-turath,’ seeking inspiration from tradition. The Arabic letter became the means for connecting artists’ present with their past and allowing for the invention of tradition. Huroufiyah (Arabic for Letterism), a highly contested term initiated by a newspaper journalist, became a term popularly used to signify all experiments with the Arabic letter in the modern Arab art. Nevertheless, the term is surrounded by controversy in the contemporary Arab world and rejected by a number of scholars and artists. The term al-Madrassa al-Khattiya Fil-Fann (Calligraphic School of Art), has been alternatively proposed, expressing specifically a perceived continuation with Islamic calligraphy.


1971 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Abboud

The last fifteen years have witnessed rapid growth in the number of students studying Arabic and of programs concerned with the teaching of the language. This is directly attributable to the awakened interest in the United States in the Middle East in general, and the Arab world in particular, as a result of the entry of the U.S. in World War II and its emergence as a global power with strategic, economical, and political interests in the area. This is not to say that the teaching of Arabic is a new phenomenon in the U.S. As an indespensible tool of Orientalistic scholarship, Arabic was taught for many years in a few institutions which offered programs in Oriental and Semitic Studies.


2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-201
Author(s):  
Muhammad Y. Gamal

Naguib Mahfouz, Egypt’s literary icon, wrote a large number of novels that were turned into films. As the DVD industry in Egypt enters its second decade, the number of these films appearing on DVD and subtitled into English is also increasing. Despite this trend, academic institutions in Egypt, and elsewhere in the Arab world, remain largely oblivious to the new specialization of audiovisual translation. So far, academic research into audiovisual translation, particularly subtitling Arabic-language films into English, has been minuscule. This paper examines the complex task of subtitling one of Mahfouz’s most popular films, Midaq Alley. It argues that subtitling a classic film is a lot more than just translating the film dialogue and the subtitler needs more resources than just the dialogue list and the video of the film.


2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam F Alkazemi ◽  
Shahira Fahmy ◽  
Wayne Wanta

U.S. President Barack Obama's much-anticipated address in Egypt in 2009 promised a new beginning between the U.S. government and the Arab world but only a few years later there were many criticisms that the U.S. President did not live up to his promises, driving Arab attitudes toward the United States to their lowest point in years. Five years later, we analyzed Arabic-language twitter messages involving President Obama to examine cognitive and affective attributes. Results show that tweets by members of the media differed greatly from tweets by members of the public. The public tweets held more negative attitudes towards the U.S. President than tweets by news organizations. Members of the public also were more likely to link the President to a wider range of countries, suggesting a greater diversity of attributes, while primarily fixating on the Palestinian issue.


Pragmatics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-216
Author(s):  
Helge Daniëls

Abstract Diglossia is, as far as the Arabic language is concerned, a concept that has been taken for granted, as much as it has been criticized. First, based on Ferguson’s article on diglossia and subsequent interpretations and ramifications of the concept and with a special focus on how language variability is discursively deployed and how it is perceived in the Arab speech community, I will argue that diglossia does not so much describe actual language use, but rather how language variability is ‘read’ in the Arab world. In the second part of the article, an analysis of labeling in a 19th century debate will show how the dichotomy between fuṣḥā and non-fuṣḥā varieties (ʿāmmīya),1 which is the basis of diglossia, was already taken for granted long before the concept and the term existed, and even before fuṣḥā and ʿāmmīya were used as independent lexical items. The analysis in both parts of the article shows how much diglossia is taken for granted by most native speakers of Arabic, even if it defies linguistic descriptions of actual language use. It is exactly this ‘common-sense-ness’ that suggests that diglossia is a useful tool to describe language ideological attitudes.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lisa Schor

Während sich geschlechtergerechter Sprachgebrauch im deutschen Sprachraum bereits mehr oder weniger etabliert hat, steckt die Forschung zur sprachlichen Gleichbehandlung in der arabischen Welt noch in den Kinderschuhen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird zunächst der aktuelle Forschungsstand rund um Gender Bias und geschlechtergerechte Sprache im Arabischen skizziert. Im Anschluss folgt eine Einzelfallstudie, in der 15 Behördentexte bayerischer Staatsministerien und deren arabische Übersetzungen einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse unterzogen werden. Anhand eines eigens erstellten Kategoriensystems wird analysiert, welche Strategien derzeit bei der Übersetzung geschlechtergerechter Formulierungen ins Arabische angewandt werden. Aus der Skizzierung des Forschungs-stands geht hervor, dass die arabische Sprache sowohl auf formaler als auch auf soziolinguistischer Ebene viele androzentrische Elemente enthält. Verschiedene Möglichkeiten für einen geschlechtergerechten Sprachgebrauch werden dargestellt. Es wird ersichtlich, dass in der arabischen Welt eine zunehmende Sensibilisierung für sprachliche Gleichbehandlung zu beobachten ist. Die Einzelfallstudie zeigt, dass geschlechtergerechte Formulierungen bei der Übersetzung ins Arabische bevorzugt ins generische Maskulinum übertragen werden. Gelegentlich finden sich zwar auch Beidnennungen, diese sind jedoch als wörtliche Übersetzung der Ausgangsformulierungen zu interpretieren. Die Intention der Ausgangstexte für sprachliche Gleichbehandlung spiegelt sich in den arabischen Übersetzungen nicht wider, daher wird geschlussfolgert, dass den Übersetzenden das Konzept geschlechtergerechter Sprache nicht hinreichend bekannt ist. While gender-inclusive language use is already more or less established in the German-speaking society, research on linguistic equality in the Arab world is still in its early days. This paper first outlines the current state of research on gender bias and gender-inclusive language in Arabic. It is then followed by a case study in which 15 official texts of Bavarian state ministries and their Arabic translations are subjected to a qualitative content analysis. Through a system of categorization, the study analyzes which strategies are currently used in translating gender-inclusive phrases into Arabic. From the outline of the state of research, it is clear that the Arabic language contains many androcentric elements, both on a formal and sociolinguistic level. Various possibilities for gender-inclusive language use are presented. It becomes apparent that there is an increasing awareness of linguistic equality in the Arab world. The case study shows that gender-inclusive phrases are preferably transferred to the generic masculine when translated into Arabic. Occasionally, pairing is also found, however it is to be interpreted as a literal translation of the source material. The intention of the source texts for linguistic equality is not reflected in the Arabic translations. Thus, it is concluded that the translators are not sufficiently familiar with the concept of gender-inclusive language.


Author(s):  
الجمعي بولعراس (al-Jamie Boulares) ◽  
ناصـر الغالي (Nasser al-Ghaliy)

ملخص البحثكثُر الكلام عن اللغة السياسية والدعائية بعد أحداث 11 سبتمبر، وطرأت مصطلحات وتعبيرات وأنماط لغوية جديدة تصادمت فيها مع خلفيات متلقي الخطاب وما تحمله  ذاكرتهم من مدلولات سابقة، ومن ثم، نُسجت خيوط اللغة الجديدة المعاصرة، وظلت بعيدة تراوح ردحا من الزمن محاريب السياسة والإعلام والدعاية، ثم إن  الماسك بزمام التوجه اللغوي المعاصر هو الذي أفلح في احتواء الشارع العربي بحثا عن المفاهيم المختلفة، وفي غياب تنمية لغوية حركية وتبرز هوية قائلها في الزمن، وتتحدى عوائق القواميس الانتقائية والنخبوية والمهمشة للأنا والذات، وبحثا عن مستقبل تتحكم فيه عوامل البقاء اللساني في ظل الصراع الحضاري والفكري والسياسي والاقتصادي وذلك كما نتصور بغربلة الزخم اللغوي العربي لاحتواء الواقع الحضاري للأمة ومستحثات الهزات الاجتماعية لتتأقلم بالمستجدات، ويحتاج هذا جهدا لامتلاك ناصية اللغة الجديدة التي توصف بالتمرد على الماضي، وفي الوقت نفسه تريد أن لا تتجرد منه واللغة الجديدة هي نتاج الحراك اللساني المعاصر، وهي لغة التداول اللغوي ولغة المصطلحات المعاصرة، وهي لغة الدعاية والتعبيرات الاصطلاحية الجديدة ولغة الخطاب السياسي المعاصر. وصل البحث إلى بعض النتائج ومن أهمها: وجوب إعادة قواعد وأنظمة سيميائية للغة الخطاب السياسي، توغل الإعلاميين في المصطلحات والتعابير مثل السياسيين.الكلمات المفتاحية: اللغة العربية-العبارة الاصطلاحية- تلقي العبارة السياسية-سياسة العبارة-لعبة السياسةAbstractThere have been a lot of talks about political language and propaganda after the 11 September incident that had led to the application of new terminologies, expressions and language variations in contrast with what were associated with these words previously in the minds of the recipient. Hence,  new strings of language were woven but nonetheless they remained far from being acquainted with the political and propaganda discourses. The one who is responsible in language policy is the one who is successful in including the language of the streets to explore its various concepts. This is in the absence of the growth of language movements, language personalities, and the challenges of  discovering self-identity and in the efforts to search of the future that is characterized by the elements of language survival in the face of the clashes of civilization, thinking, political and economy. In addition to that, the inner conflicts that are witnessed by the Arab world to adapt to the arising matters and issues. This effort will entail to overcome the new direction in language that is vicious toward the past and at the time try to accommodative to the new and contemporary. The research has concluded that: semiotic rules and regulations of political speech should be reviewed, so as for mass media to penetrate deeply in the technical meanings and expression like the politicians.Keywords: Arabic Language – Terminological phrases –reception of political expressions - politics of phrases – politics games.AbstrakTerdapat banyak perbincangan tentang bahasa politik dan propaganda selepas kejadian 11 September, dan telah timbul pelbagai istilah, pernyataan dan bentuk bahasa baru yang bercanggah dengan pengetahuan latarbelakang pendengar serta apa yang telah mereka fahami sebelum ini.  Ia seperti menenunbah asabaru dan terkini, meninggalkan jarak untuk begitu lama yang mencorakkan pembentukan dasar, perjalanan media dan propaganda. Namun, pihak yang menguasai retraktororientasi linguistic terkini itulah yang akan menentukan kandungan perjalanan bahasa Arab dalam pencarian konsep yang berbeza dengan ketiadaan mobility perkembangan liguistik, seterusnya memartabatkan identity pengguna bahasa tersebut.  Sementara beberapa kamus tertentu yang bersifat elitism dan terpinggir pula mencabar keegoan dan diri. Dalam mencari masa depan, factor lisan bersifat mampu saing memainkan peranan penting dalam aruskonflik tamadun, pemikiran, politik dan ekonomi ini dalam menapis momentum bahasa agar mencaku pirealiti tamadun semasa serta kejutan sosial yang teraruh supaya bersesuaian dengan keadaan semasa. Ini memerlukan kesungguhan penguasaan bahasa baru yang tersimpang dari pada yang dulu, dan pada masa yang sama ia tidak terpisah dari pada yang lama.  Bahasa baru ialah hasil pergerakan bahasa semasa, bahasa perundingan dan bahasa istilah semasa.  Ia adalah bahasa propaganda, pernyataan beristilah yang baru dan bahasa wacana politik semasa.  Antara dapatan penting kajian ialah: semakan semula nahu dan prosidur semantic bagi bahasa wacana politik, pihak media mendalami penggunaan istilah serta pernyataan dalam politik.Kata kunci: Bahasa Arab – pernyataan beristilah – pemahaman pernyataan politik – politik pernyataan – permainan politik


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