scholarly journals PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN PADA KEGIATAN OPERASI TAMBANG DARAT BIJIH TIMAH MENGGUNAKAN METODE BOREHOLE MINING DI WIUP PT. TIMAH, TBK

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 603614
Author(s):  
Nomensen Ricardo ◽  
Dewi Ayu Kusumaningsih ◽  
Teguh Nurhidayat
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Mining Method ◽  
Borehole Mining ◽  
Back Filling

ABSTRAK Borehole mining (BHM) merupakan metode penambangan menggunakan aliran air bertekanan tinggi (water jet) dan dikombinasikan dengan sistem pemompaan slurry dari bawah tanah. Dalam upaya meningkatkan produksi bijih timah, PT. TIMAH, Tbk melakukan kegiatan penambangan menggunakan metode BHM. Pemilihan metode penambangan BHM bertujuan untuk menambang sumberdaya marginal tanpa memerlukan stripping overburden (OB), dengan prinsip kerja: membuat lubang vertikal hingga dasar zona target menggunakan alat holemaker; dengan memanfaatkan tekanan water jet, air akan memberai material di sekelilingnya; saat material terberai, pompa tanah siap menghisap slurry hingga ke permukaan. Kapasitas penambangan efektif menggunakan metode BHM adalah 750 m3/bulan, dengan jam jalan efektif alat 125 jam/bulan. Kegiatan penambangan dengan metode BHM ini, berpotensi menimbulkan masalah lingkungan diantaranya terbentuknya lubang bekas penambangan (void) dan genangan air di sekitar lokasi tambang. Pemindahan tanah dari bawah permukaan pada kegiatan ore getting dengan volume 750 m3 dapat mengganggu struktur dan kekuatan tanah sehingga menyebabkan runtuhan/amblesan yang pada akhirnya menghasilkan void. Pengelolaan lingkungan yang tidak baik dapat menimbulkan masalah yang serius terhadap bentang lahan dan akan menimbulkan dampak turunan seperti masalah sosial. Perencanaan desain penutupan lahan dengan metode backfilling menjadi terobosan untuk mengatasi void yang ada. Prinsipnya, material yang akan diambil pada titik penambangan berikutnya ditransfer ke void sebelumnya yang telah terbentuk dan demikian seterusnya. Di samping itu, dilakukan revegetasi di sekitar lokasi penambangan BHM untuk meningkatkan daya dukung tanah. Limpasan air ke permukaan secara kontinu menyebabkan kondisi lahan sekitar menjadi lembab (jenuh air) sehingga daya dukung tanah menurun. Kegiatan penambangan menggunakan metode BHM di PT. TIMAH, Tbk memang merupakan suatu terobosan dalam konservasi cadangan bijih timah. Namun, aspek lingkungan juga menjadi hal yang perlu diperhatikan. Pengelolaan lingkungan yang tepat dapat meminimalkan masalah lingkungan yang terjadi. Lubang-lubang berdiameter 1,5 hingga 3 meter yang dihasilkan dapat diatasi dengan sistem back-filling. Limpasan air di permukaan diatasi dengan perencanaan sistem penirisan tambang yang terencana yaitu dengan pembuatan jalur/paritan di sekitar area penambangan. Kata kunci: borehole mining, void, backfilling  ABSTRACT Borehole mining (BHM) is a mining method using high pressure water flow (water jet) and combined with an underground slurry pumping system. In an effort to increase tin ore production, PT. TIMAH, Tbk conducts mining activities using the BHM method. The selection of the BHM mining method aims to mine marginal resources without the need for stripping overburden (OB), with the working principle: making vertical holes to the bottom of the target zone using a holemaker; by utilizing the pressure of a water jet, water will fill the surrounding material; when the material is dispersed, the ground pump is ready to suction the slurry to the surface. The effective mining capacity using the BHM method is 750 m3 / month, with effective road hours of 125 hours / month. Mining activities using the BHM method have the potential to cause environmental problems including the forming of void pits and puddles around the mine site. Displacement of soil from below the surface in ore getting activities with a volume of 750 m3 can disrupt the structure and strength of the soil, causing collapse / subsidence which eventually produces voids. Improper environmental management can cause serious problems for the landscape and will cause derivative impacts such as social problems. Land cover design planning with backfilling method is a breakthrough to overcome existing voids. In principle, the material to be taken at the next mining point is transferred to the previously formed voids and so on. In addition, revegetation was carried out around the BHM mining location to increase the carrying capacity of the soil. The runoff of water to the surface continuously causes the surrounding land to become moist (saturated with water) so that the carrying capacity of the soil decreases. Mining activities use the BHM method at PT. TIMAH, Tbk is indeed a breakthrough in the conservation of tin ore reserves. However, environmental aspects also need to be considered. Proper environmental management can minimize environmental problems that occur. The holes with a diameter of 1.5 to 3 meters produced can be overcome with a back-filling system. Surface runoff is overcome by planning a planned mine drainage system by making a path / trench around the mining area Key Words: borehole mining, void, backfilling  

scholarly journals Determination of physico-chemical parameters of coal mines water samples and their correlation establishment with WQI using python programming

2021 ◽  
Vol 2070 (1) ◽  
pp. 012214
Author(s):  
Satyajeet Parida ◽  
Abhishek Kumar Tripathi ◽  
D.P. Tripathy ◽  
Purabi Bora
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Correlated Parameters

Abstract The quality assessment of water is the need of the hour as water pollution has reached to an alarming level. The pollution of natural water bodies due to mine drainage system and mining activities is a major environmental concern worldwide. There are many potential reasons of water pollution such as agricultural, sewage, oil, radioactive materials, dumping & mining activities etc. Mining activities are responsible for the contamination of watercourses with metal and increment of sediment levels in it, however acid mine drainage can be viewed as the most lethal means of polluting watercourse. In this study an analysis was done on the water samples collected from different coal mines of Jharkhand and Telangana State. The WQI for each sample were calculated and correlated with their physico-chemical parameters. The lowest grades of the water samples are mainly due to the presence of the strongest correlated parameters. It was observed that the iron content in the samples has the strongest correlation with a Pearson coefficient of 0.9977 and highest significance with a P value lower than 0.001.

scholarly journals Spatial Variation of Water Chemistry in Aries River Catchment Western Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6592
Author(s):  
Ana Moldovan ◽  
Maria-Alexandra Hoaghia ◽  
Anamaria Iulia Török ◽  
Marius Roman ◽  
Ionut Cornel Mirea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to investigate the quality and vulnerability of surface water (Aries River catchment) in order to identify the impact of past mining activities. For this purpose, the pollution and water quality indices, Piper and Durov plots, as well vulnerability modeling maps were used. The obtained results indicate that the water samples were contaminated with As, Fe, Mn, Pb and have relatively high concentrations of SO42−, HCO3−, TDS, Ca, K, Mg and high values for the electrical conductivity. Possible sources of the high content of chemicals could be the natural processes or the inputs of the mine drainage. Generally, according to the pollution indices, which were correlated to high concentrations of heavy metals, especially with Pb, Fe and Mn, the water samples were characterized by heavy metals pollution. The water quality index classified the studied water samples into five different classes of quality, namely: unsuitable for drinking, poor, medium, good and excellent quality. Similarly, medium, high and very high vulnerability classes were observed. The Durov and Piper plots classified the waters into Mg-HCO3− and Ca-Cl− types. The past and present mining activities clearly change the water chemistry and alter the quality of the Aries River, with the water requiring specific treatments before use.

PENDIDIKAN KONSERVASI UNTUK GENERASI Z KELURAHAN KLEAK KOTA MANADO TENTANG PENTINGNYA KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiola B. Saroinsong ◽  
Wawan Nurmawan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Community Partnership ◽  
Dynamic Learning ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Partnership Program

Environmental education is needed to increase community resillience, with knowledge and skills in order to understand environmental problems, be motivated to act, and solve or prevent certain environmental problems. Building social resilience in utilizing while preserving the environment is one of the important factors for sustainable environmental management. One of the efforts is by increasing people's understanding and love of biodiversity in order to increase their motivation to manage it sustainably. To provide an engaging and dynamic learning environment for Generation Z or gen Z, a creative approach is adopted that combines technology with social interaction and feedback that stimulates curiosity and motivation, and simulates real-life situations. The problem agreed upon by the team of this program and partners was the students' low recognition of biodiversity and its function for the environment. In the long term, this could have implications for a lack of appreciation for biodiversity, including a low appreciation for the presence of plants and animals endemic to North Sulawesi. The solution applied is to introduce various types of plants and animals, with an emphasis on endemic species, and their benefits for humans and the environment. After the community partnership program (PKM, Program Kemitraan Maysarakat), the student groups of SDN 36 and SDN 70 Kota Manado (main target) as well as teachers and students involved (additional targets) increase their knowledge about biodiversity and its function for the environment and can apply planting and maintaining various local fruit-producing trees in schools and the surrounding environment. The community partnership program activities are carried out in Kelurahan Kleak, Malalayang District, Manado City, North Sulawesi Province for six (6) months. The service is carried out in several activities as follows. 1) Inventory of the school environment situation and student behavior in relation to their interactions with biodiversity. 2) Programming with partners. 3) Preparation of teaching modules. 4) Implementation of outreach activities in the form of webinars with active involvement of learners through presentations accompanied by interactive discussions. 5) Planting and distributing various types of plant seeds. 6) Preparing reports and writing articles for scientific publications. Keywords: biodiversity, endemic species, environmental education, gen Z, sustainable environmental management

scholarly journals Effect of acid mine drainage on dissolved rare earth elements geochemistry along a fluvial–estuarine system: the Tinto-Odiel Estuary (S.W. Spain)

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Borrego ◽  
B. Carro ◽  
N. López-González ◽  
J. de la Rosa ◽  
J. A. Grande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Estuarine System ◽  
Mixing Zone ◽  
Heavy Rare Earth ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Heavy Rare Earth Elements

The concentration of rare earth elements together with Sc, Y, and U, as well as rare earth elements fractionation patterns, in the water of an affected acid mine drainage system were investigated. Significant dissolved concentrations of the studied elements were observed in the fluvial sector of this estuary system (Sc ∼ 31 μg L−1, Y ∼ 187 μg L−1, U ∼ 41 μg L−1, Σ rare earth elements ∼621 μg L−1), with pH values below 2.7. In the mixing zone of the estuary, concentrations are lower (Sc ∼ 2.1 μg L−1; Y ∼ 16.7 μg L−1; U ∼ 4.8 μg L−1; Σ rare earth elements ∼65.3 μg L−1) and show a strong longitudinal gradient. The largest rare earth elements removal occurs in the medium-chlorinity zone and it becomes extreme for heavy rare earth elements, as observed for Sc. Samples of the mixing zone show a North American Shale normalized pattern similar to the fluvial zone water, while the samples located in the zone with pH between 6.5 and 7.7 show a depletion of light rare earth elements relative to middle rare earth elements and heavy rare earth elements, similar to that observed in samples of the marine estuary.

scholarly journals Environmental Governance as a Model of Environmental Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Kristianto
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
The Future ◽  
In The Beginning

<p>The concept of environmental governance does not promise practical solutions and provides short guidance in solving intertwined environmental problems in Indonesia. But at least environmental concept is useful when we try to realize environmental management in Indonesia currently. The worst is that the mistake has become routine manifesting in pragmatism in environmental management. Before it all too late, it is better that we keep in mind a German proverb in the beginning of this writing, which more or less, means “ we do not know what the future brings, but we know that we should act.”</p>

scholarly journals Impact of a Growing Population on Natural Resources: The Challenge for Environmental Management

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pimentel ◽  
X. Huang ◽  
A. Codova ◽  
M. Pimentel
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Environmental Resources ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Many ◽  
Growing Population

The food situation worldwide is becoming critical. At present, more than 2 billion humans are malnourished and experience unhealthy living conditions (FAO, 1992a,b; Neisheim, 1993; McMichael, 1993; Maberly, 1994; Bouis, 1995). The number of humans who also are diseased is the largest number ever, and about 40,000 children die each day from disease and malnutrition (Kutzner, 1991; Tribe, 1994).  The many problems that are now evident emphasize the urgent need to reassess the status of environmental resources. Based on the evidence, definitive plans must be developed to improve environmental management now and for the future. Of major importance is the limiting and slow reduction of human numbers to better balance the carrying capacity of the earth's natural resources. 

A Research of Environment Management Policy Based on the Externality Theory

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 1324-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Chun Che ◽  
Fang Cao
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Pigouvian Tax ◽  
Emission Standard ◽  
Environment Management ◽  
Polluter Pays Principle

In view of the environmental problems, the paper start with talking about the externality theory and polluter pays principle, and then introduce two kinds of environmental management policy, which are emission standard and Pigouvian Tax. By comparing them in the perspective of economic efficiency, we can learn that: Only the coordination of administrative means and economic measures, we can better solve the environmental problems.

Research of Mining Method for Difficult-to-Mine Ore Bodies in Deep Mine

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 1041-1046
Author(s):  
Qi Fa Ge ◽  
Xue Sen Sun ◽  
Wei Gen Zhu ◽  
Qing Gang Chen
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Stress ◽  
Mining Method ◽  
Deep Mining ◽  
Deep Mine ◽  
Ore Body ◽  
High In Situ Stress ◽  
Ore Bodies ◽  
Large Panel ◽  
Back Filling

There are many problems such as depth, high in-situ stress, high ground temperature and rockburst proneness etc. in deep mining. And it is an acknowledged and urgent mining technical puzzle about mining method of gently inclined and medium-thick ore bodies. For such an ore body in West wing of Dongguashan copper mine, if we use traditional mining method, it is hard to conquer such difficulties as high in-situ stress, large open area in roof, removal of mined ore by gravity etc. The theory of “large panel and lower sublevel height” will be easy to solve such problems. This paper use numerical technology to analyze and compare the technical and economical effectiveness for different selected mining method and its structure. The sublevel (at a height of 12 m) open stoping with back-filling by extraction in two steps is quite suitable for ensuring safety, increasing efficiency, productivity and reclaiming resource. The selected method is feasible and well worth spread.

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