scholarly journals First Evidence of Human's Influence on Climate of Prague and Brno

Geografie ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Jan Munzar
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Quality Deterioration ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact

The paper brings some new knowledge on air quality deterioration as a part of urban environment in Prague and Brno in the end of the 18th and in the 19th centuries. The impact of man-induced processes on the creation of specific features of urban climate is documented.

scholarly journals Depressed spaces as an instrument for transformation of urban areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Valentina Kurochkina
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Recently, more and more often urban abandoned and depressed spaces that were previously used as industrial facilities or temporarily used are becoming the sphere of architectural and landscape transformations. These territories can occupy a significant part of the city. This paper examines the features of the formation of urban planning systems, as well as the impact of depressed spaces on the quality of the urban environment. This paper studies such depressed spaces as abandoned industrial areas and objects of unfinished construction. The paper assesses the impact of depressed spaces, identifies criteria that reflect the nature, scale and features of their impact on the environment, on the safety and quality of the urban environment, as well as their role in the structure of the city as a whole. The principles and features of the formation of such urban depressed spaces, as well as the patterns of their development are revealed. The features of the formation of open public space of urban systems, as well as ways of transforming depressed spaces, aimed at increasing their social significance, integrating them into the general urban development, and improving the ecological and social situation are considered. The paper concludes that the problem of restoration of depressed spaces is very important and urgent today. The creation of a continuous urban tissue is impossible without the reorganization of such spaces, as well as the creation of an integral compositional, functional and communication urban planning system.

scholarly journals Urban water bodies as the basis for functioning of public spaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Valentina Kurochkina
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
High Rate ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Recently, housing construction in cities has been carried out at a high rate. Increasingly, urban abandoned and flooded depressive spaces near water bodies (often rivers), which were previously used as industrial facilities or temporarily used, are becoming the sphere of architectural and landscape transformations. The restoration of such territories helps to improve the quality of urban space and improve its ecological properties. Correct development of territories near rivers and various water bodies has a great health-improving effect on the urban environment, improves its natural and climatic conditions. In addition, social and economic factors play an important role in this process, since such transformed territories and territories adjacent to them significantly increase investment attractiveness. This paper examines modern approaches to the development of urban public spaces, based on the formation of architectural environments that ensure the relationship of urban development with water bodies and adjacent territories. The paper notes that water bodies are not only an important component of the natural-ecological framework, but are also the basis for the framework of urban-planning natural-technogenic systems as a whole. And the creation of a continuous urban fabric is impossible without the organization of a ‘water’ line of development, provision of compositional, functional and communication interconnection of open urban and water spaces, which is actively being introduced today in architectural and urban planning practice. The paper examines the role of water bodies in the ecological system of the city, as well as in its structure as a whole. The aim of the study is to identify the features of the formation of a public urban space, to determine the patterns of its development, to identify criteria that reflect the nature, scale and features of the impact of urbanization on a water body. Some principles of revitalization of coastal areas, as well as the creation of a system of publicly accessible, compositionally expressive spaces are considered. The principles of space transformation aimed at the formation of a holistic image of the city, as well as the impact of such a spatial arrangement of urban and water bodies on the safety and quality of the urban environment are considered.

scholarly journals Mid-IR spectrometer for mobile, real-time urban NO<sub>2</sub> measurements

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2669-2681 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Morten Hundt ◽  
Michael Müller ◽  
Markus Mangold ◽  
Béla Tuzson ◽  
Philipp Scheidegger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Infrared Laser ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Laser Absorption ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Detailed knowledge about the urban NO2 concentration field is a key element for obtaining accurate pollution maps and individual exposure estimates. These are required for improving the understanding of the impact of ambient NO2 on human health and for related air quality measures. However, city-scale NO2 concentration maps with high spatio-temporal resolution are still lacking, mainly due to the difficulty of accurate measurement of NO2 at the required sub-ppb level precision. We contribute to close this gap through the development of a compact instrument based on mid-infrared laser absorption spectroscopy. Leveraging recent advances in infrared laser and detection technology and a novel circular absorption cell, we demonstrate the feasibility and robustness of this technique for demanding mobile applications. A fully autonomous quantum cascade laser absorption spectrometer (QCLAS) has been successfully deployed on a tram, performing long-term and real-time concentration measurements of NO2 in the city of Zurich (Switzerland). For ambient NO2 concentrations, the instrument demonstrated a precision of 0.23 ppb at one second time resolution and of 0.03 ppb after 200 s averaging. Whilst the combined uncertainty estimated for the retrieved spectroscopic values was less than 5 %, laboratory intercomparison measurements with standard CLD instruments revealed a systematic NO2 wall loss of about 10 % within the laser spectrometer. For the field campaign, the QCLAS has been referenced to a CLD using urban atmospheric air, despite the potential cross sensitivity of CLD to other nitrogen containing compounds. However, this approach allowed a direct comparison and continuous validation of the spectroscopic data to measurements at regulatory air quality monitoring (AQM) stations along the tram-line. The analysis of the recorded high-resolution time series allowed us to gain more detailed insights into the spatio-temporal concentration distribution of NO2 in an urban environment. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that for reliable city-scale concentration maps a larger data set and better spatial coverage is needed, e.g., by deploying more mobile and stationary instruments to account for mainly two shortcomings of the current approach: (i) limited residence time close to sources with large short-term NO2 variations, and (ii) insufficient representativeness of the tram tracks for the complex urban environment.

scholarly journals Multi-model comparison of urban heat island modelling approaches

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Karlický ◽  
Peter Huszár ◽  
Tomáš Halenka ◽  
Michal Belda ◽  
Michal Žák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Cities are characterized by different physical properties of surface compared to their rural counterparts, resulting in specific regime of the meteorological phenomenon. Our study aims to evaluate the impact of typical urban surfaces on the central-European urban climate in several model simulations, performed with the WRF and RegCM models. The specific processes occurring in the typical urban environment are described in the models by various types of urban parametrizations, greatly differing in complexity. Our results show that all models and urban parametrizations are able to reproduce the most typical urban effect, the summer evening and nocturnal Urban Heat Island, with the average magnitude of 2–3 °C. The impact of cities on the wind is clearly dependent on the urban parametrization employed, with more simple ones unable to fully capture the wind speed reduction induced by the city. In the summer, a significant difference in the boundary layer height (about 25 %) between models is detected. The urban induced changes of temperature and wind speed are propagated into higher altitudes up to 2 km, with a decreasing tendency of their magnitudes. With the exception of the summer daytime, the urban environment improves the weather conditions a little with regard to the pollutant dispersion, which could lead to the partly decreased concentration of the primary pollutants.

scholarly journals Novo-Melnikovo: The impact of federal programs on the spatial development

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (68) ◽  
pp. 88-91
Author(s):  
Maria Tumureeva ◽  
Ekaterina Gladkova ◽  
Valery Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Public Place ◽  
Federal Programs ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given ◽  
Regional Programs

The article considers the place of public spaces in the fabric of panel microdistricts, Pervomaisky and Universitetsky in Irkutsk. It analyses the current condition and problems of public spaces. It gives the examples of improvement of areas under the federal and regional programs on improving the comfort of urban environment. The specific features of the formation of a pedestrian boulevard in the given microdistricts are revealed and the necessary factors for the creation of a successful and frequented public place are identified.

scholarly journals Pelatihan Pembuatan Video Pembelajaran Berbasis Smartphone Android di KKG Kelas Gugus Pangeran Antasari Kota Banjarbaru

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal Ansari ◽  
Barsihanor Barsihanor ◽  
M. Fahmi Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The spread of covid-19 in Indonesia has a huge impact in the world of education. Responding to the outbreak of the Covid-19, the government has implemented a Distance Education for education sector. The impact of the problem is experienced by many classroom teachers in Banjarbaru City, among them 1). There are still many teachers who have minimal knowledge related to learning with distance education systems, 2), There are still low skills of teachers in the creation of IT-based learning media. To solve the problem there are several solutions that the advocates offer such as 1), Providing knowledge about managing learning with distance education systems. 2). Providing knowledge about the types media platforms for distance education. 3). Providing training on making learning videos based on android smartphones through kinemaster application. Based on the results of the training on making learning videos based on android smartphones through kinemaster applications in KKG teachers of Pangeran Antasari Group class of Banjarbaru City that is well carried out, it can be concluded that the training activities are able to provide new knowledge and skills for KKG teachers in Group class of Pangeran Antasari banjarbaru city in the creation of smartphone-based learning videos through kinemaster application.

Trading faces: Complete AI face doubles avoid the uncanny valley

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Welker ◽  
David France ◽  
Alice Henty ◽  
Thalia Wheatley
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Uncanny Valley ◽  
Torture Survivors ◽  
The Uncanny ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Full Face ◽  
The Impact

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) enable the creation of videos in which a person appears to say or do things they did not. The impact of these so-called “deepfakes” hinges on their perceived realness. Here we tested different versions of deepfake faces for Welcome to Chechnya, a documentary that used face swaps to protect the privacy of Chechen torture survivors who were persecuted because of their sexual orientation. AI face swaps that replace an entire face with another were perceived as more human-like and less unsettling compared to partial face swaps that left the survivors’ original eyes unaltered. The full-face swap was deemed the least unsettling even in comparison to the original (unaltered) face. When rendered in full, AI face swaps can appear human and avoid aversive responses in the viewer associated with the uncanny valley.

Automated system for creating training programs for mass professional users

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
V.K. Grigoriev ◽  
A.A. Biryukova ◽  
A. Yu. Volk ◽  
A.S. Ilyushechkin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Software Product ◽  
Learning Programs ◽  
E Learning ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses the automation of the creation and use of e-learning programs. The impact of automating the learning of a large number of users on the effectiveness of the introduction of a new software product is analyzed. The methods and algorithms that increase the efficiency of creating electronic training programs on example of the author’s automated system “Tutor Builder” are described. The results of experimental verification of the automated system are provided.

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