scholarly journals New trends in the encyclopedic practice shaped by the digital age (based on Scholarpedia and Scholarly Community Еncyclopedia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 46-62
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Ishchenko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Multimedia Content ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Scholarly Community ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
Qualitative Changes

The article describes the changes in the sphere of encyclopedia publishing (online encyclopedic practice) on the example of some notable Internet resources (Scholarpedia and Scholarly Community Encyclopedia) caused by the development of digital technologies. With the appearance of electronic encyclopedias in the late 20th century, the encyclopedic activity has innovated with the multimedia content and the speed of its search. However, today digital encyclopedic practice is moving from formal to qualitative changes associated with the improvement of encyclopedic content and its building. In particular, the model of creating the analyzed in this article the Scholarpedia and the Scholarly Community Encyclopedia shows new approaches to the organization of encyclopedic practice that are different from the traditional ones. It expands the opportunities for improving the quality of encyclopedias as well as reaching them to a new level.

scholarly journals Metacritique on Bentham and Foucault’s Panoptic Theories as Analytic Tools for Three Modes of Digital Surveillance

Plaridel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feorillo A. Demeterio III, ◽  
June Benedict Parreno
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Digital Surveillance ◽  
Late 18Th Century

The panopticon was originally a prison design made by Bentham in the late 18th century to efficiently reform offenders. Foucault appropriated Bentham’s panopticon in the late 20th century to conceptualize and critique the society and state’s coercive practices in making individuals conform to social and state norms. Although Foucault’s appropriation of Bentham’s panopticon was done prior to the full emergence of the digital age, a number of present day scholars use the panopticon in conceptualizing and critiquing digital surveillance. This paper problematizes the applicability of both Bentham and Foucault’s panoptic theories to such contemporary phenomenon. This paper dissected both panoptic theories into five components—subjects; observers; data gathering, storage, and analysis; goals and effects of the systems; and management of the systems—and compared and contrasted these to their corresponding components from three cases of digital surveillance representing state digital surveillance, social media digital surveillance, and e-commerce digital surveillance. This paper established that Bentham and Foucault’s panoptic theories have moderate resemblance to each other; that both Bentham and Foucault’s panoptic theories are applicable to the conceptualization and critique of state digital surveillance; and that both Bentham and Foucault’s panoptic theories are not applicable to the conceptualization and critique of social media and e-commerce digital surveillances. As a metacritique this paper is significant in the sense that its findings will hopefully enlighten other scholars about the actual levels of usefulness of both panoptic theories in conceptualizing and critiquing different modes of digital surveillance.

A Pledge from Automation to Intellimation

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Po-Chih Huang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Mental Ability ◽  
Automated Manufacturing ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Line Production ◽  
Manufacturing Line ◽  
The World ◽  
Automation Technology

Since the Stone Age, when human beings began manufacturing stone instruments and produced fire by striking two stones together, people have attempted to improve their quality of life. Centuries after the Bronze, Iron, and subsequent Ages, the Silicon Age has arrived. Production started from striking objects only in bare-handed, followed by tool and machine assistance, culminating in today's automated manufacturing-line production. Through thousands of years of improvement leading to reduced production cost, people have learned to saved precious time and begun to enjoy lives surrounded by full of family's love and artful culture. Through this long evolution, automation first began playing a role in the latter half of the 20th Century. Entering the late 20th Century, the world has moved from simple automation to intelligent automation. Hardware in the form of machinery and equipment and software in the form of synthesized systems appeared to have responsive ability of primary wisdom of human being. Given the emphasis among industrial engineers regarding the importance of efficiency and mental ability, or intelligence, I propose the term “intellimation” -- intelligence plus automation -- for designating today's intelligent automation. This is crucial to promote intelligent automation, and change the automation era to the intellimation era. It can help us to enter the most precious stage in development of automation technology.

scholarly journals The Socratic question: old problems and new trends

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 330-338
Author(s):  
Irina Protopopova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Sceptical View

The article deals with new approaches to the solution of the so-called “Socratic question” associated with the search for a “historical” Socrates in different sources. The author outlines the history of the issue starting with Schleiermacher and his distinction between the images of Socrates in Plato and Xenophon. It is shown how, at the beginning of the 20th century, a consensus on the authenticity of Plato’s Socrates was reached (Robin, Taylor, Burnet, Maier), and then a sceptical view on the possibility itself to ever solve the “Socratic question” developed (Gigon). Vlastos’ position, which became influential in the late 20th century, is considered: he believed that Socrates of early Platonic dialogues is “historical”, while Socrates of the middle dialogues is a fiction of Plato’s. The second part of the article provides a brief overview of the six editions devoted to Socrates in 2006–2018, and the conclusion is made that there is an obvious trend towards a return to the sceptical position of Gigon in regard to the “Socratic question”.

CALL FOR PAPERS (February 2001)

Popular Music ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-294
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
New Challenges

20 Years of Madonna: New Approaches to Madonna's Cultural TransformationsIn the six years since the publication of The Madonna Connection, Madonna, perhaps one of the most consistently transgressive and self-transforming artists of the late 20th century and early 21st century, has presented a set of strikingly new challenges to cultural analysis.

scholarly journals Chemical and Microbiological Comparison between Sun and Spray-dried Whey

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Ahmed A Ismail ◽  
Warda S Abdelgadir ◽  
Hamza A Abogroon
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Chemical Quality ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Food Research ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spray Dried

Whey is a nutritious by product from cheese processing containing valuable nutrients like proteins, minerals, lactose and vitamins. Acceleration of regulation for preventing disposal of whey for its nutritious value started since late 20th century and the nutritional and functional values of its proteins are now well known. This study was conducted at the Food Research Center, Sudan, to compare between the microbiological and chemical quality of sun and spray- dried whey. The results revealed significant differences (p<0.05) in moisture, ash, pH and solubility between the two samples, but no significant differences were observed in the values of protein and fat content. Microbiologically, the spray and sun dried whey were salmonella free and no yeast, moulds, spore-formers or coliforms were detected. Results also showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in total bacterial count between the two samples.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v8i1.8105

scholarly journals Pregradual Preparation of Teachers in Slovakia / Etapy Przygotowania Nauczycieli Do Zawodu Na Słowacji

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Štefan Karolčík ◽  
Elena Čipková
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
New Approaches

Abstract The contribution deals with the quality of pregradual preparation of teachers in the Slovak Republic. It analysis the causes of continuously decreasing number of secondary school graduates interested in teaching profession. The contribution evaluates present situation in pregradual preparation of teachers regarding the proportion of professional, pedagogical and psychological and didactic part. As far as the didactic part is concerned, the contribution points out the need for new approaches to be applied supporting digital technologies.

“Band Wagon and Gravy Train”: uses and abuses along the Silk Road

Afghanistan ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-194
Author(s):  
Warwick Ball
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Ancient Trade ◽  
International Image ◽  
Academic Discussion ◽  
The Silk Road

The Silk Road as an image is a relatively new one for Afghanistan. It appeals to both the pre-Islamic and the perceived Islamic past, thus offering an Islamic balance to previous identities linked to Bamiyan or to the Kushans. It also appeals to a broader and more international image, one that has been taken up by many other countries. This paper traces the rise of the image of the Silk Road and its use as a metaphor for ancient trade to encompass all contacts throughout Eurasia, prehistoric, ancient and modern, but also how the image has been adopted and expanded into many other areas: politics, tourism and academia. It is argued here that the origin and popularity of the term lies in late 20th century (and increasingly 21st century) politics rather than any reality of ancient trade. Its consequent validity as a metaphor in academic discussion is questioned

Systematization of the smart city civil engineering infrastructure

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-779
Author(s):  
E.V. Popov ◽  
K.A. Semyachkov ◽  
K.V. Zhunusova
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Economic Innovation ◽  
Civil Engineering Infrastructure ◽  
Functional Transformations

Subject. This article explores the basic elements of the engineering infrastructure of smart cities. Objectives. The article aims to systematize theoretical descriptions of the engineering infrastructure of a smart city. Methods. For the study, we used a logical analysis and systematization. Results. The article highlights the main areas of infrastructure development of smart cities. Conclusions. Improving process management mechanisms, optimizing urban infrastructure, increasing the use of digital technologies, and developing socio-economic innovation improve the quality of the urban environment in a digitalized environment. And improving the efficiency of urban planning and security, studying its properties and characteristics, and forming an effective urban information system lead to its functional transformations.

MATHEMATICS TEACHER EDUCATION AND THE FLEXIBLE USE OF TECHNOLOGIES IN DIGITAL AGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Georg Weigand
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Mathematics Teacher ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Mathematics Teacher Education ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Competence Model ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Concept Representations

Advantages and disadvantages of the use of digital technologies (DT) in mathematics lessons are worldwidedissussed controversially. Many empirical studies show the benefitof the use of DT in classrooms. However, despite of inspiringresults, classroom suggestions, lesson plans and research reports,the use of DT has not succeeded, as many had expected during thelast decades. One reason is or might be that we have not been ableto convince teachers and lecturers at universities of the benefit ofDT in the classrooms in a sufficient way. However, to show thisbenefit has to be a crucial goal in teacher education because it willbe a condition for preparing teachers for industrial revolution 4.0.In the following we suggest a competence model, which classifies– for a special content (like function, equation or derivative) –the relation between levels of understanding (of the concept),representations of DT and different kind of classroom activities.The flesxible use of digital technologies will be seen in relationto this competence model, results of empirical investigations willbe intergrated and examples of the use of technologies in the upcoming digital age will be given.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document