scholarly journals Carbon Taxes Implementation Policies: Global and European Dimensions

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 93-120
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
European Union ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Carbon Taxes ◽  
Trading Systems ◽  
Available Carbon ◽  
Border Adjustment

The objective of the research is to analyze the present framework of available carbon taxes worldwide as one of the contemporary methods for cost engineering of carbon dioxide emission. For the achievement of this objective two basic research tasks have been fulfilled: 1) the essence and framework of and the effects stemming from the application of the basic carbon dioxide pricing approaches (the Emissions Trading Systems, Carbon Taxes, Offset Mechanisms, Results Based Climate Finance and Internal Pricing of the carbon emissions) have been presented; and 2) the European Union dimension of the application of a new carbon tax has been discussed within the context of the Carbon border adjustment mechanism (the carbon border tax) of the European union. The research methods that have been used are comparative analysis, content analysis, elements of the retrospective analysis and generalizations of the ideas of main analytical documents in this field. The results of the research are generalizations and analyses providing solid ground for taking evidence-based decisions regarding future carbon taxes introduction at national and EU level as well as for addressing motivated recommendations towards the application of this type of taxes.

scholarly journals ENERGY-RELATED CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AGRICULTURE: COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT BENCHMARKING TECHNIQUES

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Baležentis ◽  
Daiva Makutėnienė
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
European Union ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Undesirable Output ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Desirable Output ◽  
Low Performance

The literature suggests different approaches towards modelling of the environmental impact caused by the production processes. The present paper attempts to establish a framework for multicriteria comparison of agricultural sectors of the European Union Member States and identify the performance gaps in terms of energy-related carbon dioxide emission. The research relies on the two approaches, viz. the by-production approach and the multi-criteria decision making approach. The environmental performance indicators were evaluated in regards to the desirable output (gross value added), inputs, and the undesirable output (carbon dioxide emission). The results indicate that Slovakia, Estonia, Lithuania, and Hungary should attempt to improve their carbon factors by implementing cleaner energy technologies. The combinations of by-production sub-indices suggest that productivity gains are more important for Sweden, Belgium, Poland, and France. Czech Republic, Latvia, and Finland are specific with low performance in terms of both the intended production and the undesirable output. The MCDM approach identified similar trends in performance as suggested by country ranking and correlation analysis.

scholarly journals Land-Use Change Impacts from Sustainable Hydropower Production in EU28 Region: An Empirical Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4599
Author(s):  
Mohd Alsaleh ◽  
Muhammad Mansur Abdulwakil ◽  
Abdul Samad Abdul-Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Land Use ◽  
European Union ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Hydropower Production

Under the current European Union (EU) constitution approved in May 2018, EU countries ought to guarantee that estimated greenhouse-gas releases from land use, land-use change, or forestry are entirely compensated by an equivalent accounted removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air during the period between 2021 and 2030. This study investigates the effect of sustainable hydropower production on land-use change in the European Union (EU28) region countries during 1990–2018, using the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS). The results revealed that land-use change incline with an increase in hydropower energy production. In addition, economic growth, carbon dioxide emissions, and population density are found to be increasing land-use changes, while institutional quality is found to be decreasing land-use change significantly. The finding implies that land-use change in EU28 region countries can be significantly increased by mounting the amount of hydropower energy production to achieve Energy Union aims by 2030. This will finally be spread to combat climate change and environmental pollution. The findings are considered robust as they were checked with DOLS and pooled OLS. The research suggests that the EU28 countries pay attention to the share of hydropower in their renewable energy combination to minimize carbon releases. Politicians and investors in the EU28 region ought to invest further in the efficiency and sustainability of hydropower generation to increase its production and accessibility without further degradation of forest and agricultural conditions. The authorities of the EU28 region should emphasize on efficiency and sustainability of hydropower energy with land-use management to achieve the international commitments for climate, biodiversity, and sustainable development, reduce dependence on fossil fuel, and energy insecurity.

U.S. Emissions Trading and what it can teach us for a Post-Kyoto World

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Krause
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Data ◽  
Trading Systems ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Economic Fundamentals ◽  
The Usa

Major CO2 emitters such as individual states of the USA, the People's Republic of China and the European Union continue to rely on emissions trading systems to reduce CO2 emissions. Against this background, this thesis examines four emissions trading systems in the USA. For this purpose, the legal and economic fundamentals of emissions trading are presented in detail. Subsequently, emissions trading systems are analyzed from an economic as well as a legal point of view based on criteria defined for this purpose and the results are embedded in the context of national and international law. For this purpose, the author conducts extensive basic research by processing the available emissions and trade data.

Analyzing the impact of fossil fuel import reliance on electricity prices: The case of the Iberian Electricity Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 687-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Moreno ◽  
María T García-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Electricity Prices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Spain and Portugal are highly dependent on energy from abroad, importing more than 70% of all the energy they consume. This high energy dependence could involve important effects on the level and stability of their electricity prices as a half the gross electricity generated in both countries came from power stations using imported combustible fuels (such as natural gas, coal and oil). In general, changes in the prices of these fossil fuels can directly affect household electricity prices, since generation costs are likely to be transmitted through to the wholesale electricity market. Moreover, in the framework of the European Union Emission Trading System, electricity production technologies tend to incorporate their costs of carbon dioxide emission allowances in sale offers with the consequent increase of the electricity prices. The objective of this paper is to analyze the influence of fossil fuel costs and prices of carbon dioxide emission allowances in the EU on the Spanish and Portuguese electricity prices. With this aim, a maximum entropy econometric approach is used. The obtained results indicate that not only the price of imported gas are very important in explaining Spanish and Portuguese electricity prices but also the price of carbon dioxide emission allowances in the EU.

scholarly journals Targeting carbon dioxide removal in the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Geden ◽  
Glen P. Peters ◽  
Vivian Scott
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
European Union ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Removal ◽  
The European Union
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