scholarly journals Perceived Stigma Towards Mental Illness and Its Associated Factors among Community People of Pokhara Metropolitan, Kaski, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Biddhya Bhattarai ◽  
Jenny Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Perceived Stigma ◽  
Community People

Introduction: Mental illness is a major and neglected public health problem. People suffering from mental health problems are among the foremost stigmatized, discriminated, marginalized, disadvantaged and vulnerable members of our society. According to the World Health Organization, 450 million people are suffering from mental illness worldwide and around 80% of them live in middle and low-income countries. In spite of the high burden of mental disorders, globally, around 70% of people with mental illness do not receive any treatment, and evidence suggests that stigma plays a major role in treatment avoidance. The objective of this study is to assess the level of perceived stigma towards mental illness and its associated factors among community people of Pokhara Metropolitan. Methods: A community based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the people of Pokhara Metropolitan. Systematic random sampling was employed for the selection of 292 participants. Face to face interview was conducted for the data collection using Community Attitude Towards Mental Illness (CAMI) scale. Chi square test was used to find the association between variables and stigma towards mental illness on different subscales of CAMI scale. Results: The overall prevalence of stigma towards mental illness was 72.9%. The prevalence of stigma was high under all the four domains of CAMI scale. Age, education, occupation and income were significantly associated with stigma score in all domains. Marital status had significant association to authoritarian as well as social restrictiveness domains score. However, sex and family history of mental illness was associated with Benevolence and community mental health ideology score respectively. Conclusion: The findings of the study depicted that stigma towards mental illness is high among the community people in all four subscales of CAMI scale. The study has revealed the stigma towards mental illness is  influenced by the various socio-demographic and socioeconomic factors. This study suggested that there is strong need to eliminate the stigma associated with mental illness to improve the mental health status of the region.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Metabolic Syndrome among Patients with Severe Mental Illness Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Southwest Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Collins Agaba ◽  
Richard Migisha ◽  
Rosemary Namayanja ◽  
Godfrey Katamba ◽  
Henry Mark Lugobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Health Clinic

Globally, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components which are the major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, is higher among patients with severe mental illness (SMI) compared to the general population. This is mainly due to the deleterious lifestyles characterized by physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and unhealthy diets common among patients with SMI as well as due to cardiometabolic effects of psychotropic medications. Despite these conditions being highly prevalent among patients with SMI, little attention is given to these conditions during routine reviews in the mental health clinics in most low-income countries including Uganda. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of MetS among patients with SMI at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH), a tertiary hospital in southwestern Uganda. Through a cross-sectional study at the mental health clinic of the hospital, we recruited 304 patients with SMI and evaluated them for MetS using the National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria. We defined the prevalence of MetS as the proportion of patients meeting the NCEP ATP III criteria. We used logistic regression to evaluate associations between MetS and independent variables. We included a total of 302 (44.37% male, 55.63% female) patients with a diagnosis of SMI in the analysis. The prevalence of MetS was 23.51% (95% CI 18.84–28.71). At multivariable logistic regression, age >40 years and long duration of mental illness (>10 years) were significantly associated with MetS. The prevalence of MetS is high among patients with psychiatric disorders, and thus metabolic screening, especially among the high-risk groups, is critical.

scholarly journals Mobile Health for All: Public-Private Partnerships Can Create a New Mental Health Landscape

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. e26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dror Ben-Zeev
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
The U.S

Research has already demonstrated that different mHealth approaches are feasible, acceptable, and clinically promising for people with mental health problems. With a robust evidence base just over the horizon, now is the time for policy makers, researchers, and the private sector to partner in preparation for the near future. The Lifeline Assistance Program is a useful model to draw from. Created in 1985 by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC), Lifeline is a nationwide program designed to help eligible low-income individuals obtain home phone and landline services so they can pursue employment, reach help in case of emergency, and access social services and healthcare. In 2005, recognizing the broad shift towards mobile technology and mobile-cellular infrastructure, the FCC expanded the program to include mobile phones and data plans. The FCC provides a base level of federal support, but individual states are responsible for regional implementation, including engagement of commercial mobile phone carriers. Given the high rates of disability and poverty among people with severe mental illness, many are eligible to benefit from Lifeline and research has shown that a large proportion does in fact use this program to obtain a mobile phone and data plan. In the singular area of mobile phone use, the gap between people with severe mental illness and the general population in the U.S. is vanishing. Strategic multi-partner programs will be able to grant access to mHealth for mental health programs to those who will not be able to afford them—arguably, the people who need them the most. Mobile technology manufacturing costs are dropping. Soon all mobile phones in the marketplace, including the more inexpensive devices that are made available through subsidy programs, will have “smart” capabilities (ie, internet connectivity and the capacity to host apps). Programs like Lifeline could be expanded to include mHealth resources that capitalize on “smart” functions, such as secure/encrypted clinical texting programs and mental health monitoring and illness-management apps. Mobile phone hardware and software development companies could be engaged to add mHealth programs as a standard component in the suite of tools that come installed on their mobile phones; thus, in addition to navigation apps, media players, and games, the new Android or iPhone could come with guided relaxation videos, medication reminder systems, and evidence-based self-monitoring and self-management tools. Telecommunication companies could be encouraged to offer mHealth options with their data plans. Operating system updates pushed out by the mobile carrier companies could come with optional mHealth applications for those who elect to download them. In the same manner in which the Lifeline Assistance Program has helped increase access to fundamental opportunities to so many low-income individuals, innovative multi-partner programs have the potential to put mHealth for mental health resources in the hands of millions in the years ahead.

scholarly journals How do we engage global communities in the de-stigmatisation of mental illness?

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-187
Author(s):  
Paul Illingworth
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Good Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Stigma Of Mental Illness ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) has acknowledged that high-income countries often address discrimination against people with mental health problems, but that low/middle income countries often have significant gaps in their approach to this subject—in how they measure the problem, and in strategies, policies and programmes to prevent it. Localised actions have occurred. These include the Hong Kong government's 2017 international conference on overcoming the stigma of mental illness, and the 2018 London Global Ministerial Mental Health Summit. Furthermore, the UK's Medical Research Council has funded Professor Graham Thornicroft (an expert in mental health discrimination and stigma) to undertake a global study. These and other approaches are welcome and bring improvements; however, they often rely on traditional westernised, ‘global north’ views/approaches. Given the rapid global demographic changes/dynamics and the lack of evidence demonstrating progress towards positive mental health globally, it is time to consider alternative and transformative approaches that encompasses diverse cultures and societies and aligns to the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically UN SDG 3 (Good health and wellbeing). This article describes the need for the change and suggests how positive change can be achieved through transnational inclusive mental health de-stigmatising education.

scholarly journals Recovery From Severe Mental Health Problems: A Systematic Review of Service User and Informal Caregiver Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norha Vera San Juan ◽  
Petra C. Gronholm ◽  
Margaret Heslin ◽  
Vanessa Lawrence ◽  
Matthew Bain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Personal Recovery

Introduction: The recovery approach aims to have users' perspectives at the heart of service development and research; it is a holistic perspective that considers social needs, personal growth and inclusion. In the last decade recovery-oriented research and practice has increased greatly, however, a comprehensive model of recovery considering exclusively the perspectives of people with lived experience has not been devised.Aims: This review aimed to develop a framework and contextualize service users' and informal caregivers' understanding of recovery from severe mental health problems.Methods: We systematically searched 6 databases including key terms related to knowledge, experience and narratives AND mental health AND personal recovery. The search was supplemented with reference sourcing through gray literature, reference tracking and expert consultation. Data analysis consisted of a qualitative meta-synthesis using constant comparative methods.Results: Sixty-two studies were analyzed. A pattern emerged regarding the recovery paradigms that the studies used to frame their findings. The resulting recovery framework included the domains Social recovery; Prosperity (Legal, political, and economic recovery); Individual Recovery; and Clinical Recovery Experience (SPICE). Service users' definitions of recovery tended to prioritize social aspects, particularly being accepted and connecting with others, while caregivers focused instead on clinical definitions of recovery such as symptom remission. Both groups emphasized individual aspects such as becoming self-sufficient and achieving personal goals, which was strongly linked with having economic means for independence.Conclusions: The recovery model provided by this review offers a template for further research in the field and a guide for policy and practice. Predominant definitions of recovery currently reflect understandings of mental health which focus on an individual perspective, while this review found an important emphasis on socio-political aspects. At the same time, only a small number of studies took place in low-income countries, focused on minoritized populations, or included caregivers' perspectives. These are important gaps in the literature that require further attention.Systematic Review Registration: The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42017076450); https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=76450.

scholarly journals Rural vs urban residence and experience of discrimination among people with severe mental illnesses in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Forthal ◽  
Abebaw Fekadu ◽  
Girmay Medhin ◽  
Medhin Selamu ◽  
Graham Thornicroft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Adjusted Risk

Abstract Background Few studies have addressed mental illness-related discrimination in low-income countries, where the mental health treatment gap is highest. We aimed to evaluate the experience of discrimination among persons with severe mental illnesses (SMI) in Ethiopia, a low-income, rapidly urbanizing African country, and hypothesised that experienced discrimination would be higher among those living in a rural compared to an urban setting. Methods The study was a cross-sectional survey of a community-ascertained sample of people with SMI who underwent confirmatory diagnostic interview. Experienced discrimination was measured using the Discrimination and Stigma Scale (DISC-12). Zero-inflated negative binomial regression was used to estimate the effect of place of residence (rural vs. urban) on discrimination, adjusted for potential confounders. Results Of the 300 study participants, 63.3% had experienced discrimination in the previous year, most commonly being avoided or shunned because of mental illness (38.5%). Urban residents were significantly more likely to have experienced unfair treatment from friends (χ2(1)=4.80; p=0.028), the police (χ2(1) =11.97; p=0.001), in keeping a job (χ2(1)=5.43; p=0.020), and in safety (χ2(1)=5.00; p=0.025), and had a significantly higher DISC-12 score than those living in rural areas (adjusted risk ratio: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.33). Conclusions Persons with SMI living in urban settings report more experience of discrimination than their rural counterparts, which may reflect a downside of wider social opportunities in urban settings. Initiatives to expand access to mental health care should consider how social exclusion can be overcome in different settings.

scholarly journals Tobacco Use and Associated Risk Factors in Burkina Faso: Results from a Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Bonnechère ◽  
Cissé Kadari ◽  
Millogo Tiéba ◽  
Ouédraogo H. Gautier ◽  
Garanet Franck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Tobacco is a leading preventable cause of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Studies characterizing the prevalence of tobacco use in low-income countries are lacking. This study describes the prevalence of tobacco use in Burkina Faso and its associated factors. Methods : Data from the 2013 Burkina Faso World Health Organization (WHO) Stepwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS) were analyzed. The prevalence of any tobacco product use, cigarette smoking, and other tobacco use was calculated. Logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with tobacco use. Overall, 4,691 people were included in this analysis. Results: The prevalence of any tobacco use was 19.8% (95% CI: 18.4–21.2). Tobacco use was higher for men (29.2% [27.0–31.5]) than women (11.8% [10.3–13.4]). The prevalence of smoked tobacco was 11.3% (10.3–12.4), with a significantly higher prevalence among men (24.5% [22.1–27.0]) than women (0.1% [0.01–0.3]). The overall prevalence of other tobacco use was 8.9% (7.4–10.7), with lower values for men (5.6% [4.1–7.2]) compared to women (11.7% [9.4–14.1]). Tobacco smoking among men was significantly associated with an increased age and alcohol consumption. The analysis of risk factors for other tobacco use stratified by gender showed that age, education, residence, and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with consumption for women, and age and alcohol consumption for men. Conclusion: Tobacco use is common in Burkina Faso. To effectively reduce tobacco use in Burkina Faso, a comprehensive tobacco control program should consider associated factors, such as gender, age, and alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Tobacco use and associated risk factors in Burkina Faso: results from a population-based cross-sectional survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Bonnechère ◽  
Kadari Cissé ◽  
Tiéba Millogo ◽  
Gautier H. Ouédraogo ◽  
Franck Garanet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Tobacco is a leading preventable cause of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Studies characterizing the prevalence of tobacco use in low-income countries are lacking. This study describes the prevalence of tobacco use in Burkina Faso and its associated factors. Methods Data from the 2013 Burkina Faso World Health Organization (WHO) Stepwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS) were analyzed. The prevalence of any tobacco product use, cigarette smoking, and other tobacco use was calculated. Logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with tobacco use. Overall, 4691 people were included in this analysis. Results The prevalence of any tobacco use was 19.8% (95% CI: 18.4–21.2). Tobacco use was higher for men (29.2% [27.0–31.5]) than women (11.8% [10.3–13.4]). The prevalence of smoked tobacco was 11.3% (10.3–12.4), with a significantly higher prevalence among men (24.5% [22.1–27.0]) than women (0.1% [0.01–0.3]). The overall prevalence of other tobacco use was 8.9% (7.4–10.7), with lower values for men (5.6% [4.1–7.2]) compared to women (11.7% [9.4–14.1]). Tobacco smoking among men was significantly associated with an increased age and alcohol consumption. The analysis of risk factors for other tobacco use stratified by gender showed that age, education, residence, and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with consumption for women, and age and alcohol consumption for men. Conclusion Tobacco use is common in Burkina Faso. To effectively reduce tobacco use in Burkina Faso, a comprehensive tobacco control program should consider associated factors, such as gender, age, and alcohol consumption.

Social determinants in low-income countries

2018 ◽  
pp. 177-180
Author(s):  
Syed Masud Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Didar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Important Public Health Problem

Mental health disorders are increasingly being recognized as an important public health problem in low-income countries of Asia and Africa. For people of low-income countries, poverty is all pervasive and affects physical, as well as mental, health in various ways. Common mental disorders (CMD), such as anxiety and depression, are quite common among these populations. Social determinants—such as poverty and exclusion; low level of education; violence against women, including intimate partner violence; unemployment; unhygienic living and work environment; and social capital—play a significant role in precipitating CMD at different stages of life. The association is not always straightforward as sometimes these determinants act in a vicious circle (e.g. poverty and mental illnesses), which, in turn, is exacerbated by other determinants such as low education and unemployment. To address this complex problem, tackling of these important social determinants is essential and should be prioritized.

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