scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF THE LABORATORY STAND FOR EXAMINATION OF THE PISTON COMPRESSOR AT THE EXPENSE OF THE PRESSURE CONTROL CIRCUIT ON THE BASIS OF THE PROGRAMMED LAMP! 12/24 RC IN MATLAB SIMULINK ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-164
Author(s):  
Andrii Shtuts ◽  
Katherina Chmih
Keyword(s):  
Electric Drive ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Piston Compressor ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Main Element ◽  
The Cost

It is impossible to imagine any modern mechanism in any field of technology that has not been driven by an automated electric drive. In the electric drive, the main element that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy is an electric motor, which is controlled by converters and control devices in order to form static and dynamic characteristics of the electric drive that meet the requirements of the production mechanism. Equipment for the production and use of compressed air is universal and safe, it is widely used in modern industry. Compressed air is used as a source of energy, a medium for cleaning (purging), a means of transportation and even as a source of cold. Air compressors make up more than 80% of the total compressor fleet. Compressed air production and distribution systems in industry consume up to 10% of electricity. Unfortunately, there is an opinion that compressed air is cheap, although only 5-10% of the consumed electricity is spent on useful mechanical work. The cost of producing compressed air is 5-15% of the cost of production, and for some industries reach 30% or more. Reciprocating, centrifugal, and in recent years screw compressors have been widely used as air compression machines. In agricultural production, compressors are used to supply air and gases of the main or by-products of the technological cycle. These machines are common in gas supply systems. Compressors are also widely used in gas turbines. The laboratory stand for research of the piston compressor is modernized. On the basis of technical and economic indicators the electric drive system is selected, the electric motor is calculated and selected, it is checked with heating, overload capacity and start-up conditions, characteristics in statistical and dynamic modes are investigated, and also electric schemes of SAEP of the main lifting mechanism are developed. To verify the correctness of the adopted design methods, modeling was performed in Matlab.

scholarly journals PERANCANGAN SISTEM OTOMATISASI CONTROL MOTOR 3 PHASE MENGGUNAKAN BLUETOOTH BERBASIS ARDUINO UNO

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Syarif Moh Rofiq Al- Ghony ◽  
Subuh Isnur Haryudo ◽  
Jati Widyo Leksono
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Data Capture ◽  
Effective Range ◽  
Effective Distance ◽  
Arduino Uno

The electric motor is a device that serves to transform electrical energy into mechanical energy of motion. In this case the designed control system motor 3 phase by Smartphones through bluetooth network to find out the effective range of extremity. The methods used in the form of data capture of measurement effective range the furthest that can be reached by bluetooth to activate relay SPDT and motor 3 phase. Results of testing the most effective distance of the otomasisasi control system of motor 3 phase maximum as far as 15 meters with a time of pause 0.5 seconds.

scholarly journals MODEL STUDIES WITH IDENTIFICATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENT MODES OF FUNCTIONING OF MAIN FAN UNITS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (53) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
I. Sinchuk ◽  
◽  
I. Peresunko ◽  
A. Somochkyn
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Electric Drive ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Multilevel Converter ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Priority Direction ◽  
Very High

Purpose. The paper analyzes the system and methods of starting synchronous electric motors of fans of the main ventilation of iron ore mines. It is concluded that it is necessary to modernize the method of starting a synchronous electric motor, despite the fact that the installed direct start-up system has a number of disadvantages, and negatively affects the energy indicators of the electromechanical complex of the main ventilation fan of mines. The priority direction in solving the complex of the above problems is the use of modern achievements in the field of semiconductor conversion technology, in terms of the development of effective circuits and methods for starting and controlling a synchronous electric drive. Originality. The method of separate regulation of size and frequency of output voltage of the multilevel converter of a clock at quasi-frequency start of the synchronous electric drive is offered, limits admissible values of starting currents to admissible values. Methodology. Simulation of transient processes of starting a synchronous electric motor with step-by-step changes in voltage and frequency of supply, which made it possible to determine the energy efficiency of this method. Result. A new method of starting with a step-by-step change in the voltage and frequency of a synchronous motor is proposed. The modeling of the proposed starting method for a synchronous electric motor with a fan torque on the motor shaft was carried out, while it allowed to get rid of the main drawback, namely, a large starting current and made it possible to increase the energy efficiency of the electromechanical complex of the main ventilation fans due to the fact that the consumed active energy during start-up will decrease approximately 50% compared to a direct starting system. Practical value. The proposed method and the obtained results of the study made it possible to prove that the effectiveness of the proposed method is very high and this will save most of the electrical energy when starting the fans of the main ventilation of iron ore mines. Figures 15, references 15

scholarly journals Economic Feasibility of Photovoltaic Micro-Installations Connected to the Brazilian Distribution Grid in Light of Proposed Changes to Regulations

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1529
Author(s):  
Gabriel Nasser Doyle de Doile ◽  
Paulo Rotella Junior ◽  
Priscila França Gonzaga Carneiro ◽  
Rogério Santana Peruchi ◽  
Luiz Célio Souza Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Agency ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Cost

Brazil is currently undergoing changes to regulations on distributed generation (DG), specifically for solar energy micro-generation. The changes proposed by the Brazilian Regulatory Agency suggest that only the cost of energy be compensated to investors. The service costs and other charges related to energy tariffs must be divided among consumers. Investors with existing installations and class entities have contested these proposals, calling them “sun-fees”. To date, no scientific papers have been published discussing these changes. The new regulations propose an end to cross subsidies, where all consumers (even those who do not have DG) pay for the transmission and distribution systems. This study compares the economic feasibility of micro-generation before and after implementing the new standards proposed by the regulatory agency. We used data on average electrical energy demand, energy price, and solar radiation in different regions. The national averages were used as a base comparison with other scenarios. The results show that projects are viable for all analyzed scenarios, however, after implementing the proposed changes, the discounted payback time is extended. This, however, does not make projects unfeasible.

scholarly journals Electrification of a Heavy-Duty CI Truck—Comparison of Electric Turbocharger and Crank Shaft Motor

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1402
Author(s):  
Kristoffer Ekberg ◽  
Lars Eriksson ◽  
Christofer Sundström
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Cost Factor ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Factors

A combustion engine-driven vehicle can be made more fuel efficient over some drive cycles by, for example, introducing electric machines and solutions for electrical energy storage within the vehicle’s driveline architecture. The possible benefits of different hybridization concepts depend on the architecture, i.e., the type of energy storage, and the placement and sizing of the different driveline components. This paper examines a diesel electric plug-in hybrid truck, where the powertrain includes a diesel engine supported with two electric motors, one supporting the crank shaft and one the turbocharger. Numerical optimal control was used to find energy-optimal control strategies during two different accelerations; the trade-off between using electrical energy and diesel fuel was evaluated using a simulation platform. Fixed-gear acceleration was performed to evaluate the contribution from the two electric motors in co-operation, and individual operation. A second acceleration test case from 8 to 80 km/h was performed to evaluate the resulting optimal control behavior when taking gear changes into account. A cost factor was used to relate the cost of diesel fuel to electrical energy. The selection of the cost factor relates to the allowed usage of electrical energy: a high cost factor results in a high amplification from electrical energy input to total system energy savings, whereas a low cost factor results in an increased usage of electrical energy for propulsion. The difference between fixed-gear and full acceleration is mainly the utilization of the electric crank shaft motor. For the mid-range of the cost factors examined, the crank shaft electric motor is used at the end of the fixed-gear acceleration, but the control sequence is not repeated for each gear during the full acceleration. The electric motor supporting the turbocharger is used for higher cost factors than the crank shaft motor, and the amplification from electrical energy input to total energy savings is also the highest.

scholarly journals Rancang Bangun Modul Pembelajaran Bengkel Listrik (Designing Electric Workshop Learning Modules)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sonong Sonong ◽  
Herman Nauwir ◽  
Muhammad Ruswandi Djalal
Keyword(s):  
Induction Motor ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electric Machine ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Learning Modules ◽  
Motor Operation

Electric motor is an electric machine that has a function as a converter of electrical energy into mechanical energy. Electric motors are widely used as movers because they are better in terms of technical and economical, but have disadvantages such as large initial currents so that they cannot last long, to overcome this can be used Y-utan star starting method both manually and automatically created in a panel box. In the operation and manufacture of a protection system for a 3 phase induction motor, some supporting equipment can be arranged in a panel box so that motor performance can be maximized. The results of this tool design are in the form of a panel box in which there are three types of circuits, namely: 3 phase induction motor operation circuit with the starting Y-∆ automatically, reversing the direction of 3 phase induction motor rotation, and 3 phase induction motor operation in two places. Where the series is equipped with a protection system and can be operated manually and automatically.

scholarly journals Increasing the Capacity Factors of Base Load Generating Facilities by Storage of Electrical Energy in Aquifers as Compressed Air

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Longardner ◽  
Anthony Visnesky ◽  
J. R. Strother
Keyword(s):  
Lead Time ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Magnetic Storage ◽  
Aquifer Storage ◽  
Turbo Machinery ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Base Load

This paper sets out the advantages of using “off-the-shelf” equipment to produce an effective Compressed Air Energy System (CAES) and to develop the storage parameters of those geological entrapments that can be pressurized with air for the generation of electrical energy on demand. The long lead time and the developmental cost needed to perfect turbo-machinery for aquifer storage has been a deterrant on the utilities in their desire to implement air storage in aquifers. Off-the-shelf hardware and predesigned turbo-machinery specified herein is readily adaptable to aquifer storage parameters and can be manufactured without the expense and uncertainty related to developmental hardware. Hence, normal equipment manufacturer’s assurances and guarantees are available for these applications. When compared to the alternative storage opportunities such as; pumped hydro, battery storage and superconducting magnetic storage, the cost of compressed air storage in aquifers is a fraction of the first cost of these alternatives and as good or better in operating costs.

Experimental Investigations on Hybrid Vehicle

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.17) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid G. Mohammed ◽  
. . ◽  
. .
Keyword(s):  
Electric Motor ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Electric Driving ◽  
Energy Science ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
The Relationship

Electric driving is one of the main courses in energy science. It represents the relationship between an electric motor as a tool to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy and between a managed or mechanical device that drives it through belts or gears. In the current research, a three-phase synchronous motor 1200 Watt was used to drag an electric vehicle with a rated load of 150 kg and at a speed of up to 40 km per hour. Transmission from the electric motor to the vehicle's tires is done through a gear to rotate the wheels of the vehicle. Batteries are used to store continuous electrical power from a 220-volt alternating power source using the DC/AC inverter. Solar energy 150 Watt has also been used by using a solar panel placed on the roof of the vehicle. Mechanical energy has also been used by mechanical pedal. The vehicle was tested on a flat and sloping road in Baquba / Diyala province / Iraq. The efficiency tests proved the acceleration and balance of the car are good and matched with the theoretical calculations.   

Paper 14: The Application of Electric Motors in Vehicles

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
H. N. Barr
Keyword(s):  
Electric Motor ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Machine Construction ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Typical Application ◽  
Rotating Machine ◽  
And Performance

The use of electric drive for motor vehicle ancillaries is questioned when adequate power is available from the vehicle's own source of motive power. The term ‘motor’ is extended to include any electromagnetic device which converts electrical energy to mechanical energy. Reference is made to one of the earliest and best-known applications of an electric motor, i.e. the starter motor. Rotating machine construction and performance characteristics are outlined in some detail, and reference is made to applications appropriate to the machine characteristics. Simple control systems are mentioned to show their interdependence with motors as part of the application. The background and current status of the ‘disc’ motor is presented showing the advances made and the problem to be solved in the context of the motor vehicle industry. Machine rating based on the thermal stability of the insulation system with time is discussed. Life, reliability, and cost as major industry objectives receive mention at appropriate points in the text. A typical application is dissected to illustrate the process and some of the details taken into account by a designer before any calculations are made. Reasons are given to show that the application of an electric motor to a motor vehicle is almost wholly a mechanical engineering function with the basic electrical design taking an essential but minor role in the process from demand through to supply.

scholarly journals Identifying Technology Opportunities for Electric Motors of Railway Vehicles with Patent Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2424
Author(s):  
Yunkoo Cho ◽  
Young Jae Han ◽  
Jumi Hwang ◽  
Jiwon Yu ◽  
Sangbaek Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Motor ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Railway Vehicle ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Patent Data ◽  
Railway Vehicles

An electric motor is a device that changes electrical energy into mechanical energy for railway vehicles. When developing the electric motor, it used to be developed simply for structures or control methods of the motor itself without considering convergence with other devices or technologies. However, as the railway vehicles become more advanced, technology development through convergence with other devices or technologies is spreading. Therefore, based on patent data related to the electric motors applied to the railway vehicles, this research aims to carry out technical forecasting for establishing research and development (R and D) direction for new technologies by predicting vacant technologies from the point of view of technology convergence. In other words, we studied how to find the vacant technologies in a field of convergence technology for the electric motor of the railway vehicles by analyzing the patent data. More specifically, we search the patents data associated with the electric motor of the railway vehicle that contain multiple IPC codes, and use multiple IPC codes to determine the field of convergence technology. In addition, we extract keywords from the patents data related to each of the determined convergence technologies and define the vacant technologies by interpreting the field of convergence technology and the extracted keywords.

scholarly journals Research of Tractor Power Unit with Electric Drive Parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
A. V. Bizhaev
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Power Unit ◽  
Electric Drive ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Unit ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
Dc Electric Motor

The author showed that it was possible to reduce the exhaust gases toxicity and increase tractors effi ciency using an electric power unit to implement traction. The effi ciency of modern electric motors was at its peak of 96 percent, compared to 45 for a diesel engine. He emphasized that this parameter for modern sources of electrical energy was 85-90 percent, which opened up opportunities for the implementation of an electric tractor.(Research purpose) To present the general concept of an electric drive power unit for a tractor of a small traction class and to evaluate its parameters as a fi rst approximation.(Materials and methods) For the tractor’s electric drive lithium-ion batteries were chosen as a source of electrical energy, showing the best characteristics of energy intensity – 432-864 kilojoule per kilogram with a unit cost of 4200-17400 rubles per kilogram. During the analyses of the power unit drive types, a D-120 diesel engine with a power of 20 kilowatt, a DC electric motor and an asynchronous motor with similar parameters were studied. The VTZ-2032 tractor with a nominal tractive eff ort of 600 Newtons when working on stubble was taken as the basis for the calculation.(Results and discussion) The author determined the best indicators of the electric drive by the power characteristics fullness in the gears with a decrease in unit costs per kWh from 24 to 15-16 rubles.(Conclusions) The most effi cient engine was determined – a brushless DC electric motor. The author calculated that the specifi c cost of its energy was 1.5-1.8 times less than that of a diesel engine, and amounted to 15-27 rubles per kilowatt-hour with a maximum effi ciency of 95 percent. It was found that lithium-ion batteries would be the optimal solution for powering the electric drive. They were distinguished by a high specifi c energy consumption – 432-864 kilojoule per kilogram – and a low price per energy unit, amounting to 5-45 rubles per kilojoule.

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