A Novel Real-Time Center of Gravity Estimation Method for Wheel Loaders with Front/Rear-Axle-Independent Electric Driving

Estimation of the center of gravity (CG) is the basis for intelligent control of the front-and-rear-axis-independent electric driving wheel loaders (FREWLs). This paper presents a novel real-time method for estimating the CG of FREWLs, which is suitable for driving and spading conditions on bumpy roads. A FREWL dynamical model is proposed to set up the state-space model. The CG estimator is used to estimate the longitudinal tire force using the state-space model and the improved square-root unscented Kalman filter (ISR-UKF) algorithm. The simulation and experimental results indicate that this method is suitable for FREWL dynamics and operational characteristics, and the estimated value of CG basically converges to the reference value. Finally, the probable reasons for error occurring in two experiments and the practical challenges of this method are discussed. The research in this paper establishes a partial theoretical basis for intelligent control of construction machinery.

Characteristics and Experiences of Ride-Hailing Drivers with Electric Vehicles

Electrification of transportation network companies (TNCs), such as Uber and Lyft, can produce social and environmental benefits from reduced vehicle emissions and enhanced implementation of renewable electricity as well as private benefits to drivers via reduced vehicle fuel and maintenance costs compared to conventional vehicles. We conducted a survey of plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) drivers on the Uber platform in the US. This paper describes these drivers and their experiences to further understanding of motivations for and barriers to PEV adoption among TNC drivers. The TNC-PEV drivers in this sample clearly recognized, and were largely motivated by, economic benefits of fuel and maintenance savings, thus, increased net earnings, associated with using a PEV to provide ride-hailing services rather than a conventional internal combustion engine vehicle. Most drivers reported charging their PEV every day, most often at home and overnight. This is true even of those with plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) that can run on gas if not charged. Increased electric driving range topped the list of drivers’ wishes to better support PEVs on TNCs, and range limitations topped the list of reasons why PHEV drivers did not opt for a battery electric vehicle (BEV; that runs exclusively on electricity). The second most common wish among all PEV drivers was for more charger locations.

Az önvezető autózás kihívásai és biztonsági kérdései a digitális államban

Összefoglalás. A XXI. század első felében a korábban sok évtizeden keresztül lassan változó közlekedés gyorsított ütemben alakul át. Ez alatt a pár év alatt több változás következik be, több kihívást kell leküzdeni, mint a korábbi időszakban. Az elektromos hajtás térnyerése, új járműhasználati módok mellett a járművek autonomizálódása és összekapcsolódása jelenti az új irányokat, amelyek kihívás elé állítják nemcsak az autóipart, hanem a járművek használóit és a szabályzókat, az államot is. Kutatásainkban az önvezető autózás jelentette kihívásokat emeljük ki a többi, röviden bemutatott trend közül, majd pedig vizsgáljuk, milyen kihívásokat támaszt a digitalizálódó állam felé az önvezetés felé elmozduló járműves technológia. Summary. In the first half of the 21st century, transportation that has been slowly changing over many decades has been transforming at an accelerated rate. Over the course of these few years, there will be more changes and more challenges to overcome. For a century it was unquestionable that a vehicle is driven by a driver and its energy comes via diesel or petrol from crude oil. Today vehicles’ autonomy in driving is increasing, and instead of crude oil based fuels first biocomponents and gaseous fuels appeared, and now electricity knocks at the door. The proliferation of the electric driving, the new modes of vehicle use, and the autonomy and connectivity of vehicles represent new directions that challenge not only the automotive industry, but also vehicle users and regulators, and the states. New technologies bring about new security and safety challenges as well. Most of the challenges pop up in the cyber security domain. And its result is that a closer cooperation is necessary between the automotive industry and informatics. As these two leading industrial fields have a different setup, the cooperation is energy demanding task for all participants. Modification and upgrade of the homologation process seems to be one of the potential gateways that could merge the safety requests. Improving traditionally rigid automotive homologation processes needs a lot of extended test opportunities. In our research, we highlight the challenges posed by self-driving cars and show some trends briefly, and then examine the challenges posed by vehicle technology moving towards self-driving, and towards digitizing. The certification process of the automotive industry is highlighted and modifications are proposed. We propose to extend the traditional proving ground based certification processes with special, autonomous vehicles designed processes that are partially made within the virtual reality-proving ground mixtures. A newly designed proving ground not only offers a wide range of vehicle and traffic tests for conventional, connected and automated vehicles, but can also be used to test possible prototype solutions, as well as helps to develop the type-approval process, and useful for educational purposes. Cyber security has special dimensions, newly developed test environment is necessary to validate the vehicles and their elements. A complete vehicle testing and validation center is proposed to establish for automotive cyber security features, focusing not only on known, but also on unknown vulnerabilities. It will help to develop dedicated tests to eliminate unknown vulnerabilities and potential new vulnerabilities.

Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Jam Tangan Pranata Laboratorium Pendidikan dengan Kemampuan Waterpas Tiga Dimensi untuk Mengatur Sambungan Modul Uji Pembebanan Motor

When testing the loading of an electric machine, we often experience problems in finding a tool to see the precision of the connection between the shaft of an electric machine. Shaft connections that are not straight and not right in the middle can damage the shaft of the rotating engine and the engine being rotated. This research is the development of previous research that uses Android phone as a tool. By reading the value of the orientation sensor on an android phone, we can measure the angle of rotation on the x, y and z axes. The Watpasdroid application will display the value on each axis. This application has also been used in the Electric Driving Laboratory at the Surabaya State Electronic Polytechnic (PENS), to check the connection (coupling) between an electric motor and a magnetic load (dynamo meter). The size of a cellphone that is still too large is sometimes become a problem if the surface being measured is narrow. So we uses a wristband-shaped watch module that already has a gyro sensor and can be programmed according to our need. The size is almost 1/12 of ordinary cellphones. The M5Stick-C module is used to compare the gyro reading value displayed by the wristband. To test the quality of motor joint which flatness checks have been assisted by using a wristband, a thermal observation camera is used. This application, does not rule out, can be used in other laboratories for the purpose of checking the plane levelness or equality in two dimensions or three dimensions.