scholarly journals Penyakit Parkinson Akibat Merkuri pada Pekerja Penambangan Emas Skala Kecil

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
Alif Maulida Habibia ◽  
Ferry Yundiarto ◽  
Hen Sania ◽  
Karimah Permata Arinda Putri ◽  
Wia Bunga Ramadhan
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Mercury Exposure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mercury Intoxication ◽  
Gold Miners ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Parkinson's disease is one of the fastest-growing diseases in terms of prevalence, disability, and mortality. Exposure to environmental toxic substances, such as mercury (Hg) can increase the risk of neuronal damage and neurodegenerative diseases. Purpose: The purpose of writing this article is to determine the impact of mercury exposure on the incidence of Parkinson's disease in small-scale gold mining workers. Methods: The author searches for material through the Google Scholars, NCBI, and ScienceDirect search pages by limiting the journals published in 2015-2020. In this review, the authors conducted a study of 33 scientific articles. Results: The small-scale gold mining industry is the largest source of mercury emissions in the world. Mercury gas has a negative impact on the lungs, kidneys, liver, and nervous system. Gold miners have a very high likelihood of being exposed to metallic mercury and suffering occupational mercury intoxication. Discussion: Mercury is known to be a neurotoxin that can cause neuron death and damage to the substantia nigra and other basal ganglia nuclei. Acute mercury exposure can cause tremors, memory loss, respiratory distress, and even death. Gold miners are a group that is exposed to a lot of mercury and suffers from work-induced mercury intoxication. Conclusion: Mercury-induced parkinsonism can be identified because of its predilection for accumulation and palladium and striatum damage such as damage to the substantia nigra pars in Parkinson's disease.

scholarly journals Effect of Mercury Exposure on Renal Function and Hematological Parameters among Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Miners at Sekotong, West Lombok, Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ardiana Ekawanti ◽  
Baiq Dewi Krisnayanti
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Mercury Exposure ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mercury Toxicity ◽  
Mercury Intoxication ◽  
Gold Miners ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples

Background. Mercury is a toxic metal with effects on human health ranging from acute to chronic in a very short time of exposure. Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is the main source of direct human exposure to mercury. Human exposure to mercury (Hg) can occur through both direct inhalation of mercury vapor and consumption of material taken from contaminated areas. To protect the health of ASGM workers and surrounding communities, a health assessment of mercury exposure and its effects is urgently needed. However, analysis of hair and urine samples as a proof test for mercury toxicity is very expensive. Therefore other tests must be considered to identify the first symptoms of mercury toxicity in miners and the surrounding community. Objectives. The present study aimed to determine the effects of mercury exposure on renal function along with the hematological parameters of gold miners and the community as a first indication of mercury exposure symptoms. Methods. The study was designed as a purposive field sampling study and was conducted in 3 main villages in Sekotong District, West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. The 100 subjects were miners that have been exposed to mercury for at least 5 years and their wives and children (non-miners) who lived around the gold processing area. Blood and urine samples were then obtained from the subjects. The miners and non-miners were questioned about their mercury exposure over the previous 5 years, duration of exposure, and how mercury was handled in their daily life. Blood and urine samples were collected at the time of the study, around 10 ml of urine and 0.1 ml of blood (2 drops) were collected per subject. In order to determine the parallel results between the blood-urine and hair results, hair from the miners was collected at a different time for analysis. Results. The results showed that the subjects had low proteinuria, hemoglobin and hematocrit concentrations as a consequence of chronic mercury intoxication. This finding was parallel with results of high mercury concentrations in urine (>7 – 273.3 μg/l) and miners' hair (>1 – 12.93 μg/g). Miners and non-miners in the exposure area were found to have proteinuria levels of more than 0.3 g/L. Proteinuria (≥0.3 g/L) was observed in 92.6% of miners and 72.4% of non-miners. Conclusions. The results of the present study suggest that urinalysis of proteinuria and hemoglobin values can be used as a screening test to detect renal impairment due to mercury intoxication.

scholarly journals Review: Risiko Stunting pada Anak yang Tinggal di Area Pertambangan Emas Skala Kecil

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-167
Author(s):  
Devi Puspita ◽  
Defi Patmasari ◽  
Sella Sella ◽  
Dwi Purbayanti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Mercury Vapor ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Mercury Exposure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gold Mercury

Small Scale Gold Mining uses mercury to extract gold. Mercury exposure to children is associated with the risk of various health problems that can lead to stunting. This review was prepared with the aim of knowing the impact of mercury exposure on children living in the Small Scale Gold Mining area. The method used in the preparation of this narrative review is searching for information via the internet using google. Tracing results from various studies and electronic books stated that children living in ASGM areas are very vulnerable to mercury exposure either by inhalation by inhaling mercury vapor or ingestion by consuming food or drinks containing mercury. In addition, they are also very at risk of health problems such as malnutrition and infectious diseases, which are risk factors for stunting. Various risk factors that threaten the health of children living in ASGM areas can lead to stunting. However, there is still little research linking mercury exposure to stunting.

scholarly journals Chronic Effect Analysis of Mercury Exposure on Communities Around Small Scale Gold Mining in Indonesia Using Human Biomonitoring (HBM) Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Haryo Mubiarto ◽  
Herto Dwi Ariesyady ◽  
Siska Widya Dewi Kusumah ◽  
Juli Soemirat
Keyword(s):  
Gold Mining ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Human Biomonitoring ◽  
Mercury Exposure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Chronic Effect ◽  
Hair Mercury ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake ◽  
Mercury Intoxication

In general, small-scale gold mining activities that are spread throughout Indonesia practicing amalgamation technique. The amalgamation process in the mining activities can result in environmental degradation due to tailing waste containing mercury that are discharged into the environment and will distributed and bioaccumulated through food chain. Mercury exposure to human can give a chronic effect. Measuring mercury concentration in biomarkers such as nail and hair is a method to indicate the mercury poisoning level. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze mercury concentrations in nail and hair as chronic exposure biomarkers. Besides, we also conducted Human Biomonitoring (HBM) analysis to assess mercury intoxication in the communities. Moreover, we analyzed mercury concentrations in water, rice, fish, and food crops samples to understand their association with mercury concentrations in nail and hair through a Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) analysis. This research was conducted in 4 districts in Indonesia which has a significant number of small-scale gold mining activities. The results showed that the maximum concentration of T-Hg in the nail and hair of the workers was 58.48 µg/g and 55.97 µg/g, respectively. Based on HBM analysis, in several districts, more than 60% of the workers has been intoxicated by mercury. Meanwhile, Average Daily Intake (ADI) and PTWI were significantly correlated with concentration mercury in the nail and hair. Mercury concentrations in worker’s hair was significantly correlated with working experience. We identified that the age and residence duration were the major predictor of concentration mercury in nail and hair, respectively.

scholarly journals Pelatihan Pengurangan Dampak Merkuri bagi Masyarakat Daerah Penambangan Emas Skala Kecil di Desa Sekotong Kabapuaten Lombok Barat

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Seto Priyambodo ◽  
Basuki Rahmat ◽  
Gede Wira Buanayudha ◽  
Ida Ayu Eka Widiastuti ◽  
Lina Nurbaiti
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mining Communities ◽  
Gold Processing ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Gold Miners ◽  
Coaching Activities ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this service activity is to reduce the impact of mercury on small-scale gold mining communities through training and coaching activities in Sekotong village. The Sekotong region, West Lombok Regency is an area rich in potential gold resources with the potential to mine 1,596 tons of gold and can be mined for decades. This potential has been exploited by the community by traditional gold mining. The gold mining area in Sekotong is spread over 3 locations, namely Buwun Mas, Kerato and Pelangan involving 5000 traditional miners. Gold processing carried out in the community is by using amalgamation and cyanidation methods. The technology provided in this service activity is by eliminating the use of mercury in gold processing, reducing the use of cyanide, training and coaching on appropriate standard operating procedures in handling mercury and cyanide, and processing cyanide before it is discharged into the environment. The result of this community service activity is that with the application of this technology, the environment and traditional gold miners become safer and healthier.

scholarly journals Mercury is present in neurons and oligodendrocytes in regions of the brain affected by Parkinson’s disease and co-localises with Lewy bodies

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262464
Author(s):  
Roger Pamphlett ◽  
David P. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Locus Ceruleus ◽  
Mercury Exposure ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
The Brain

Objective Environmental toxicants are suspected to play a part in the pathogenesis of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) and may underlie its increasing incidence. Mercury exposure in humans is common and is increasing due to accelerating levels of atmospheric mercury, and mercury damages cells via oxidative stress, cell membrane damage, and autoimmunity, mechanisms suspected in the pathogenesis of PD. We therefore compared the cellular distribution of mercury in the tissues of people with and without PD who had evidence of previous mercury exposure by mercury being present in their locus ceruleus neurons. Materials and methods Paraffin sections from the brain and general organs of two people with PD, two people without PD with a history of mercury exposure, and ten people without PD or known mercury exposure, were stained for inorganic mercury using autometallography, combined with immunostaining for a-synuclein and glial cells. All had mercury-containing neurons in locus ceruleus neurons. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used to confirm the presence of mercury and to look for other potentially toxic elements. Autometallography-stained locus ceruleus paraffin sections were examined to compare the frequency of previous mercury exposure between 20 PD and 40 non-PD individuals. Results In PD brains, autometallography-detected mercury was seen in neurons affected by the disease, such as those in the substantia nigra, motor cortex, striatum, thalamus, and cerebellum. Mercury was seen in oligodendrocytes in white and grey matter. Mercury often co-localised with Lewy bodies and neurites. A more restricted distribution of brain mercury was seen in people without PD (both with or without known mercury exposure), with no mercury present in the substantia nigra, striatum, or thalamus. The presence of autometallography-detected mercury in PD was confirmed with LA-ICP-MS, which demonstrated other potentially toxic metals in the locus ceruleus and high iron levels in white matter. Autometallography-detected mercury was found in locus ceruleus neurons in a similar proportion of PD (65%) and non-PD (63%) individuals. Conclusions In people with PD, mercury was found in neurons and oligodendrocytes in regions of the brain that are affected by the disease, and often co-localised with aggregated a-synuclein. Mercury in the motor cortex, thalamus and striatum could result in bradykinesia and rigidity, and mercury in the cerebellum could cause tremor. People without PD had a restricted uptake of mercury into the brain. The similar frequency of mercury in the locus ceruleus of people with and without PD suggests these two groups have had comparable previous mercury exposures but that PD brains have a greater predisposition to take up circulating mercury. While this post mortem study does not provide a direct link between mercury and idiopathic PD, it adds to the body of evidence that metal toxicants such as mercury play a role in the disease. A precautionary approach would be to reduce rising mercury levels in the atmosphere by limiting the burning of fossil fuels, which may be contributing to the increasing incidence of PD.

Hyperechogenicity of substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease – Searching for genetic predictors

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Funke ◽  
A Soehn ◽  
C Schulte ◽  
M Bonin ◽  
C Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Genetic Predictors

Coexistent Osteoarthritis and Parkinson’s Disease: Data from the Parkinson’s Foundation Outcomes Project

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1601-1610
Author(s):  
Jaimie A. Roper ◽  
Abigail C. Schmitt ◽  
Hanzhi Gao ◽  
Ying He ◽  
Samuel Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Quality Improvement Initiative ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Mobility Performance ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Background: The impact of concurrent osteoarthritis on mobility and mortality in individuals with Parkinson’s disease is unknown. Objective: We sought to understand to what extent osteoarthritis severity influenced mobility across time and how osteoarthritis severity could affect mortality in individuals with Parkinson’s disease. Methods: In a retrospective observational longitudinal study, data from the Parkinson’s Foundation Quality Improvement Initiative was analyzed. We included 2,274 persons with Parkinson’s disease. The main outcomes were the effects of osteoarthritis severity on functional mobility and mortality. The Timed Up and Go test measured functional mobility performance. Mortality was measured as the osteoarthritis group effect on survival time in years. Results: More individuals with symptomatic osteoarthritis reported at least monthly falls compared to the other groups (14.5% vs. 7.2% without reported osteoarthritis and 8.4% asymptomatic/minimal osteoarthritis, p = 0.0004). The symptomatic group contained significantly more individuals with low functional mobility (TUG≥12 seconds) at baseline (51.5% vs. 29.0% and 36.1%, p < 0.0001). The odds of having low functional mobility for individuals with symptomatic osteoarthritis was 1.63 times compared to those without reported osteoarthritis (p < 0.0004); and was 1.57 times compared to those with asymptomatic/minimal osteoarthritis (p = 0.0026) after controlling pre-specified covariates. Similar results hold at the time of follow-up while changes in functional mobility were not significant across groups, suggesting that osteoarthritis likely does not accelerate the changes in functional mobility across time. Coexisting symptomatic osteoarthritis and Parkinson’s disease seem to additively increase the risk of mortality (p = 0.007). Conclusion: Our results highlight the impact and potential additive effects of symptomatic osteoarthritis in persons with Parkinson’s disease.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document