scholarly journals COPING STRATEGIES AND MODELS OF OVERCOMING POST-STRESS CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
O. Shelestova
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Psychological Models ◽  
Stress States ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Post Stress

The article is devoted to the research of coping strategies on the adaptation process. Actions associated with the COVID 19 pandemic touched many areas of life. They provided increased requirements for human mental activity, creating additional stresses, which led to an increase in neuropsychiatric disorders. Models of overcoming post-stress states are considered. The role of external and internal factors in the formation and overcoming of post-stress states and disorders of adaptation is analyzed in the article. In the process of studying the underlying patterns and mechanisms of adaptation to normal life, two psychological models of overcoming post-stress states were identified: psychodynamic and cognitive. The psychodynamic model notes that successful adaptation of personality requires awareness of all aspects of traumatic experience and integration through the scheme "traumatic stress - negation - relapse - acceptance". The cognitive model is a cognitive theory of stress, that is, a cognitive assessment of a person's most traumatic event, and himself in it. Three types of assessment were proposed to determine a person's response to a traumatic event: primary, secondary stress assessment, and reassessment. Many researchers consider the impact of stress adaptation to be one of the leading causes of disorders of adaptation. Also, the manifestations of adaptation disorders are greatly exacerbated by the simultaneous complex action of several stressors. The severity of active stressors does not always correlate with the severity of adaptation disorders, as personality traits and cultural and social norms and values contribute to the response to stress. Also, the features of the development of these disorders of adaptation disorders depend on the features of cognitive processes, personal resources of the individual involved in their regulation.

scholarly journals Psychological status and coping behavior in liquidators of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the remote period

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
S. S. Aleksanin ◽  
V. Yu. Rybnikov ◽  
M. V. Savelyeva
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Coping Behavior ◽  
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Impact

Relevance. The large-scale accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant raised the problem of overcoming its economic, medical, social and psychological consequences. This is extremely important for liquidators of the Chernobyl accident consequences (LACs) with more than 15 different somatic diseases that reduce their quality of life and coping resources, negatively affect the psychological status, the effectiveness of treatment and medical rehabilitation.Intention. Assessment of psychological status and coping behavior in LACs in the remote period and justification of the need to provide them with psychological and psychotherapeutic assistance.Methodology. Using psychological tests, 101 LACs undergoing inpatient treatment for somatic pathology were examined. The psychological status (health, activity, mood; state and trait anxiety, the impact of a traumatic event) and coping strategies were assessed. The results were compared with a control group using the Student’s t-test for different-sized unrelated samples.Results and discussion. The features of the psychological status and coping behavior in LACs in the remote period are shown. Indicators of well-being, activity, mood are presented; state and trait anxiety, the impact of a traumatic event and coping strategies are comparatively assessed. The most significant markers of psychological disorders and maladaptive coping strategies are identifiedConclusion. The data presented in the article are an important basis for including psychological and psychotherapeutic assistance in the programs of specialized medical care for LACs in the inpatient settings within state guarantees of free medical care for citizens of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals EMDR intervention after a disaster: The Morandi Bridge collapse

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Fernandez ◽  
Chiara Callerame
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Survivors involved in natural or man-made disasters can develop a range of psychological problems including Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, other forms of psychological distress, and a poor quality of life. Therefore, the principal focus of early psychological interventions, according to World Health Organization, is to provide a rapid and effective therapeutical approach like EMDR therapy. The EMDR approach enables the assimilation and integration of the various aspects of a traumatic experience at a somatic, sensorial, cognitive, behavioral and emotional level. In this article will be presented data of 47 patients collected after the partial collapse of Morandi bridge, in Genoa, in August 2018. Survivors were treated applying the Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol (R-TEP); in order to evaluate the effect of the traumatic event and to monitor the intervention outcome, the Impact of Event Scale- Revised (IES-R) was administered to each person pre and after EMDR treatment. Results show that regardless the number of sessions and the time elapsed after the disaster in which they were performed, EMDR significantly reduced participants’ IES-R scores from pre-treatment to posttreatment. Clinical implications and limits of the study will be discussed.

The Impact of Experiential Avoidance and Event Centrality in Trauma-Related Rumination and Posttraumatic Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 815-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia S. Bishop ◽  
Victoria E. Ameral ◽  
Kathleen M. Palm Reed
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Event Centrality ◽  
Cognitive Patterns ◽  
The Impact

Cognitive control strategies like rumination often increase posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, extant research has provided equivocal results when attempting to explain why this phenomenon occurs. The current study explored several mechanisms that may clarify such findings. For this study, 193 trauma-exposed community members completed measures of PTSD, rumination, experiential avoidance, and event centrality. Elevated reports of rumination were associated with greater PTSD symptomology, experiential avoidance, and event centrality. Results suggest that rumination indirectly influenced PTSD symptom severity through experiential avoidance. This pattern held true regardless of whether a trauma survivor viewed their reported trauma as central or peripheral to their personal identity. These data suggest that the link between ruminating about a traumatic experience and enhanced PTSD symptomology may be partially explained by increasingly restrictive cognitive patterns and enhanced avoidance of aversive internal stimuli. Furthermore, they provide preliminary evidence to suggest that rumination and experiential avoidance are strongly associated with one another (and subsequent PTSD symptomology) among trauma survivors, regardless of how central a traumatic event is to an individual’s personal narrative. Such findings support clinical interventions like exposure, which progressively support new learning in response to feared or unwanted experiences in service of expanding an individual’s cognitive and behavioral repertoires.

scholarly journals Complex of Suggestions on Improving the Psychological Correction and Diagnostics of Traumatic Emotional Experience Among Military Servants with Post-Stress Psychological Dysaptation

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Problem Statement ◽  
Military Members ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Post Stress ◽  
Psychological Diagnostics

Problem statement: Resistance to the impact of psychocorrectional and psychotherapeutic work on the personality of servicemen in Ukraine with post-stress psychological maladaptation and experience of participation in combat operations with traumatic background and multiparametric approaches in this area, become significant reasons for more detailed analysis in psychological diagnostics of harmful knowledge among military members. Analysis of the problem There are many inventions in science on the conceptualization of personal traumatic experience at both clinical (PTSD) and prenosological (PPD) levels. The idea of "emotional scheme" proposed by L. Greenberg and R. Elliott is successful for the latter, but the question of psychodiagnostics and psychocorrection for traumatic emotional experience among demobilized combatants in Ukraine with PPD remains open. Object of study – to develop a set of suggestions for psychocorrection and diagnostics of traumatic emotional experience among servicemen after demobilization in Ukraine with PPD. Research methods – Mathematical and statistical processing: Wilcoxon T-test. Sample description The sample consists of 12 servicemen after demobilization six months or a year later in Ukraine with PPD. They agreed to be tested and participate in psycho-correctional work on the issues of significant traumatic emotional experience. Summary A set of suggestions for psychocorrection and diagnostics of traumatic emotional experience among servicemen in Ukraine with post-stress psychological maladaptation has been developed.

scholarly journals Cyber Bullying and Traumatic Experiences: The Impact on Learning Disabilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Agathi Stathopoulou ◽  
Zoe Karabatzaki ◽  
Dionisis Loukeris ◽  
Panagiotis Mantas ◽  
Georgia Kokkalia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
School Violence ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Learning Disorders ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Impact

<p class="Abstract"><em>The aim of our research is to investigate the effects of traumatic experiences that teens with learning disorders had to go through. The sample of our study is consisted of 160 high school students who were referred in a web line evaluation form, due to low school performance. The research tool that was used was ACHENBACH’s self-report questionnaire for children and teenagers and more specifically the subscales for anxiety-depression and depression-withdrawal. Frequencies, percentages of responses and means have been calculated. An analysis of variance (one way anova) to assess the differences in the averages of students' responses to the variable "experiencing a traumatic event" was also performed. The results showed that there are significant differences in the level of statistical significance p &lt;0,01 between the means of students who say they have experienced a traumatic event and those who report that they haven’t. Particularly decisive traumatic experience for the students' mentality seems to be the in-school violence received by students and the death of a loved one. Application features that have to do with the cyber bulling are also presented briefly. </em></p>

scholarly journals La resiliencia como estrategia de afrontamiento ante el estrés postraumático en combatientes

Enfoques ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Dayana Castillo ◽  
Paola Oyola ◽  
Carlos Enrique Garavito Ariza
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Factores De Riesgo ◽  
The Face ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

ResumenEl presente artículo presenta una aproximación teórica acerca de los factores de riesgo psicosocial asociados al trastorno de estrés postraumático en combatientes, como también el concepto de resiliencia como estrategia de afrontamiento ante los eventos de estrés postraumático en combatientes activos y las consecuencias en la aparición de depresión, ansiedad y síntomas asociados al estrés. Es así que se encuentra que el estrés desencadenado por un evento traumático se evidencia no solo en lo físico, sino también en lo emocional, afectando todos los contextos en los que se desarrolla el individuo. Para finalizar se presentan estrategias de desarrollo de resiliencia en población afectada por el conflicto armado. Las conclusiones del presente artículo dan cuenta del impacto del estrés postraumático en la población combatiente y la efectividad de la resiliencia como estrategia de afrontamiento. Resilience as a strategy for coping with post-traumatic stress in combatantsAbstractThis article presents a theoretical approach to the psychosocial risk factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder in combatants, as well as the concept of resilience as a coping strategy in the face of post-traumatic stress events in active combatants and the consequences in the onset of depression, anxiety and symptoms associated with stress. Thus, it is found that the stress triggered by a traumatic event is evidenced not only in the physical, but also in the emotional, affecting all the contexts in which the individual develops. Finally, resilience development strategies are presented in the population affected by the armed conflict. The conclusions of this article show the impact of post-traumatic stress on the combatant population and the effectiveness of resilience as a coping strategy.  Resiliência como estratégia de enfrentamento do estresse póstraumático em combatentesResumoEste artigo apresenta uma abordagem teórica dos fatores de risco psicossocial associados ao transtorno de estresse pós-traumático em combatentes, bem como o conceito de resiliência como estratégia de enfrentamento frente a eventos de estresse pós-traumático em combatentes ativos e as conseqüências no início de depressão. , ansiedade e sintomas associados ao estresse. Assim, descobriu-se que o estresse desencadeado por um evento traumático é evidenciado não apenas no físico, mas também no emocional, afetando todos os contextos em que o indivíduo se desenvolve. Finalmente, as estratégias de desenvolvimento da resiliência são apresentadas na população afetada pelo conflito armado. As conclusões deste artigo mostram o impacto do estresse pós-traumático na população combatente e a eficácia da resiliência como estratégia de enfrentamento.

Individual and Dyadic Coping Strategies in the Aftermath of a Traumatic Experience

2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ueli Kramer ◽  
Grazia Ceschi ◽  
Martial Van der Linden ◽  
Guy Bodenmann
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Dyadic Coping ◽  
Daily Hassles ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Coping Processes ◽  
Ptsd Symptomatology

This study was designed to explore individual and dyadic coping strategies in the aftermath of a traumatic event. Eighteen persons having experienced a physical assault or a road accident within six to twelve months before the study, and eighteen matched control persons were recruited together with their partners. Each participant and his/her partner filled in several questionnaires on individual and dyadic coping strategies, level of stress and PTSD-symptomatology. Results indicate that participants having experienced a trauma, compared to controls, report a general lack of dyadic coping and, when facing daily hassles, specific decreases in individual coping strategies. These differences are discussed in the context of marital coping processes.

Self-Management of Epilepsy

2017 ◽  
pp. 319-339
Author(s):  
Janice M. Buelow ◽  
W. Henry Smithson
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Life Choices ◽  
Psychological Strain ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Epilepsy is a stigmatizing condition characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures that can restrict life choices, lead to a reduced quality of life, and psychological strain. Self-management can be defined as the sum of steps needed to gain seizure control, to minimize the impact of living with epilepsy, and to maximize quality of life. The individual with epilepsy has to manage much more than just medication: they have to know about diagnosis and treatment, the best ways to manage the condition, and ways of maintaining psychosocial functioning. This chapter uses case studies and literature to describe various coping strategies and interventions to enhance self-management for people with epilepsy.

Vicissitudes of Emotions and Political Action During the Greek Crisis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Davou
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Action readiness is considered a central property of emotions in most psychological theories. Emotions are the engine of behavior. They are the motivating, directing, prioritizing function of the brain, and impel to an immediate reaction to challenges and opportunities faced by the organism. Nevertheless, under sociopolitical malaise, emotions do not always lead to action. People leave in societies characterized by particular emotional cultures, climates, and atmospheres that set the background to what emotions are felt under which circumstances. The impact of an emotion depends on how relevant, that is, emotionally significant is the event for the individual; on the implications of the event for the person’s well-being and immediate or long-term goals; on the individual’s capacity to cope with or adjust to the consequences of the event; and on the significance of the event with respect to individual and collective self-concept and to social norms and values. Although emotions trigger action, events with high emotional intensity may mobilize defense mechanisms that distort facts, so that the event may appear distant or not concerning the individual personally. In such cases action is hindered because the meaning of the emotive event, although fully intellectually understood, does not have personal emotional reality. If the defense mechanisms prove inefficient or collapse, the event may be experienced as traumatic, that is, as a shocking occurrence that brings about a rupture in the continuity of existence, numbing of senses and mental faculties, and inability to think about what happened for periods that may last from days to years, although individuals and collectives may appear quite normal in carrying out everyday routines. Interpretative “emotion work” in formal or informal contexts may change emotions from immobilizing to mobilizing, or from destructive to constructive, as the traumatic event is being “worked through” and a cohesive narrative about it develops. But even then, action and in our case, political action, depends on the individual’s available repertoire—political efficacy and resilience—built up from past recoveries and a sense of support from social networks, and hope in assessing the costs and benefits from the harms brought by acting and the harms brought by non-acting.

scholarly journals Play Therapy Untuk anak-anak Korban Bencana Alam Yang Mengalami Trauma (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder/PTSD)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-178
Author(s):  
Endah Nawangsih
Keyword(s):  
Play Therapy ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The World ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

Anywhere in the world, natural disasters events cause loss of life, moreover a deep sorrow and fear for the victims. They were in a state of very uneasy, very scared, never-ending anxiety, and become prone to panic. These conditions called post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a continuous maladaptive reaction to a traumatic experience. In contrast to adults, children are in a state highly vulnerable to the impact caused by a traumatic event. Children with PTSD may show confusion or agitation. This condition brings suffering prolonged, if not given proper treatment. It required a specific intervention design for children with PTSD namely Play Therapy techniques. This intervention is one way that can be used to understand the world of children through playing, so that when used in the right circumstances can be meaningful as physical activity as well as therapy.

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