scholarly journals Analysis of the operation of pumps when used in biogas plants

Author(s):  
A. Skliar ◽  
R. Skliar

Purpose. Analyze the operation of pumps when used in biogas plants and the features of their use. Provide guidance on the use of different types of pumps, their advantages and disadvantages, and features of maintenance. Methods. In the analysis of different types of pumps the methods of system and comparative analysis, scientific generalizations and method of argumentation are used. Results. The article analyzes existing pump designs for pumping manure (substrate). The comparative characteristics of the following pumps, which are most commonly used in biogas plants, are given: centrifugal, eccentric auger and rotary piston. As a result of the analysis the characteristics of their application, advantages and disadvantages, variants of structures and features of maintenance were obtained. Conclusions. The choice of suitable pumps according to the capacity and characteristics depends largely on the substrates used, their degree of preparation and/or dry matter content. An analysis of existing designs has shown that the use of plunger pumps (especially rotary ones) has many advantages over centrifugal ones: the ability to work with viscous substrates, self-priming and more pressure stable, suitable for substrate dosing, easy to maintain. Keywords: pump, biogas plant, methane tank, substrate, sludge, dry matter, manure.

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (43) ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  

The use of organomineral fertilizers in the form of pellets and pellets with the addition of a humic phytobiocomplex, when growing potatoes, has a favorable effect on the fractional composition of tubers. The largest indicator of the mass and number of tubers was obtained on the variant with the introduction of WMD fertilizer in the form of pellets + GFBC, - 910.21 g/plant, with a total of 11.09 pcs. The treatment of GFBC for vegetation on the variant with OMU fertilizer in the form of pellets + GFBC allowed to obtain an increase in the yield of tubers of 4.82 t / ha, relative to the control crop of 31.59 t / ha. This technique contributed to an increase in the dry matter content, which was 19.09% and in the case of fertilizing the soil, 19.80%. Keywords: ORGANIC FERTILIZER, HUMIC VITABIOTICS, FRACTIONAL COMPOSITION OF POTATO TUBERS, YIELD, DRY MATTER


1954 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Wilson

1. Two sample cockerels from each plane of nutrition treatment were killed and dissected at 0, 4, 10, 15 and 24 weeks of age. Details of the dissection technique are given.2. All organs and tissues were weighed both wet and oven-dried. The total dry-matter content of the birds increased from 21% at hatching to 32% at 24 weeks.3. The chief age changes in the proportions of the major joints of the bird consist of a marked increase in relative mass of wing, and a lesser increase in the leg joints. The early maturing head and neck joints decrease in relative mass by approximately onehalf. There are no treatment differences in the gross proportions of the birds calculated on the basis of weights of the major joints.4. The advantages and disadvantages of the various methods of presenting quantitative growth analysis data are discussed. Reasons are given for employing several different methods in this work.5. The amount of fat in the carcasses analysed varies considerably between individual birds. There are no consistent age or treatment effects on the fat contents of the cockerels. The interpretation of McMeekan's dissection analysis data is discussed, and reasons are advanced for conducting future experiments of similar nature on the basis of a fatfree carcass. It is argued that adipose deposits should not be considered in the same category as body organs and tissues.


Author(s):  
Lenka Kouřimská ◽  
Kristýna Václavíková ◽  
Luboš Babička ◽  
Martin Koudela ◽  
Ludmila Prokůpková ◽  
...  

Fermented pig slurry as a fermentation residue of biogas plants was used for vegetables fertilization as a replacement of industrial mineral fertilizers. Tomatoes were grown in vessels, celery and spinach in the field, radish and lettuce in the greenhouse. Besides dry matter content determination vegetables were evaluated from the food quality point of view. Is consists of microbiological assessment, nitrates and selected elements (Pb, Cd, As, Zn and Hg) content determination.


2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
G. Hadi

The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.


2020 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Е.В. Янченко

Цель исследований – дать оценку сохраняемости и болезнеустойчивости современных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой и определить корреляционные зависимости влияния биохимических показателей качества на сохраняемость и степень поражения моркови столовой различными видами болезней в процессе хранения. Исследования проводились в 2011–2016 годах во ВНИИО – филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО по общепринятым методикам. В биохимической лаборатории отдела земледелия и агрохимии содержание сухого вещества определяли высушиванием до абсолютно сухого веса, общего сахара – по Бертрану, аскорбиновой кислоты – по Мурри, нитраты – ионоселективным методом. При характеристике моркови столовой важнейший показатель, определяющий его качество – количество сухого вещества и сахаров. В процессе хранения были выявлены следующие болезни моркови: серая гниль (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), белая гниль (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.)), белая парша (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), альтернариоз (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). В большей степени сортообразцы моркови столовой поражались серой гнилью. Лучшими по сохраняемости сортообразцами были Корсар (94,6%), F1Берлин (94,5%), Берликум Роял (94,1%) и F1 Звезда (94%). Сохраняемость у зарубежных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой была немного выше, чем у отечественных (на 0,4%) как за счет меньшей величины убыли массы (6,3% против 6,4%), так и потерь от болезней (1,6% против 1,9%). Сохраняемость корнеплодов моркови находится в прямой корреляционной зависимости от содержания сухого вещества (r=+0,41), каротиноидов (r=+0,39), моносахаров (r­=+0,30) и суммы сахаров (r=+0,27). Проявление серой гнили находится в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества и каротиноидов (r=-0,37 и r=-0,35 соответственно), белой парши – в прямой корреляции с содержанием сухого вещества , моносахаров и дисахаров (r= +0,21; r= +0,39; r= -0,41 соответственно), белой гнили в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества, моносахаров и дисахаров. The purpose of the research is to assess the persistence and disease resistance of modern varieties and hybrids of carrots and to determine the correlation between the influence of biochemical quality indicators on the persistence and degree of damage to carrots by various types of diseases during storage. The research was conducted in 2011–2016 at ARRIVG – branch of FSBSI FSVC, according to generally accepted methods. In the biochemical laboratory of the Department of Agriculture and Agrochemistry, the dry matter content was determined by drying to absolutely dry weight, total sugar – by Bertran, ascorbic acid – by Murri, nitrates – by the ion-selective method. When describing carrots, the most important indicator that determines its quality is the amount of dry matter and sugars. During storage, the following diseases of carrots were detected: gray rot (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), white rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.), white scab (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), alternariasis (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). To a greater extent, varieties of table carrots were affected by gray rot. The best preserved varieties were Corsar (94.6%), F1 Berlin (94.5%), Berlicum Royal (94.1%) and F1 Zvezda (94%). The persistence of foreign varieties and hybrids of table carrots was slightly higher than that of domestic ones by 0.4%. both due to a smaller amount of weight loss (6.3% vs. 6.4%) and losses from diseases (1.6% vs. 1.9%). The persistence of carrot root crops is directly correlated with the content of dry matter (r=+0.41), carotenoids (r=+0.39), monosaccharides (r=+0.30) and the amount of sugars (r=+0.27). The manifestation of gray rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter and carotenoids (r=-0.37 and r=-0.35, respectively), white scab is in direct correlation with the content of dry matter (r= +0.21; r= +0.39; r= –0.41, respectively), white rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter, monosaccharides and disaccharides.


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