scholarly journals [The Concept of The Appointment of Leaders From The Perspective of Fiqh Siyasah Perspective: Analysis of The Theories Of Islamic Political Thinking] Konsep Pelantikan Pemimpin Dari Sudut Perspektif Fiqh Siyasah: Analisis Terhadap Teori-Teori Pemikiran

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Mohd Ridzuan Mohamad ◽  
Basri Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
The Third ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Islamic Political Thought ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Islamic Values ◽  
Perspective Analysis

Since the death of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), the question of Islamic Governance has become a hot debate among Islamic scholars, among others the appointment of leaders. Hence, the Islamic history has proven that there are various concepts of leadership appointments that make it possible to pinpoint the best one, especially for today’s state of affairs. The objective of this study was to explain the position of the theories of Islamic scholars on the appointment of leaders from the perspective of Fiqh Siyasah. This study was qualitative because it involved library researches on political books and Islamic history. The findings showed that there were seven forms of leadership appointments in the context of Fiqh Siyasah, based on three theories of Islamic thought. The first was Islamic thought in the 7th to 13th AD, second was Islamic thought in the 14th and 18th centuries of Islam and the third was Islamic thought of the 19th century until present day. In conclusion, these theories showed that the appointment of leaders was a matter of ijtihad. As compared to the today’s concept of the appointment of leaders, it is not contrary to Islamic values according to Fiqh Siyasah.Keywords: al-Hall wa al-‘Aqd, Fiqh Siyasah, Mushawarah, Islamic Political Thought and Leader Appointment     Sejak kewafatan Rasulullah s.a.w. persoalan ketatanegaraan Islam menjadi perdebatan hangat dalam kalangan para sarjana Islam antaranya perlantikan pemimpin. Justeru, sejarah Islam telah membuktikan bahawa terdapat pelbagai konsep perlantikan pemimpin sehingga tidak dinyatakan konsep terbaik untuk diamalkan pada masa kini. Objektif kajian ini menjelaskan kedudukan teori-teori para sarjana Islam berhubung perlantikan pemimpin dari perspektif fiqh siyāsah. Kajian ini bersifat kajian kualitatif kerana melibatkan penelitian perpustakaan terhadap buku-buku politik dan sejarah Islam. Dapatan kajian ini menjelaskan terdapat tujuh bentuk pelantikan pemimpin dalam konteks fiqh siyasah berasaskan tiga teori pemikiran Islam iaitu pertama pemikiran Islam pada abad 7 hingga 13 Masihi, kedua pemikiran Islam pada abad 14 hingga 18 Masihi dan ketiga pemikiran Islam pada abad 19 hingga sekarang. Kesimpulannya, teori-teori ini menunjukkan perlantikan pemimpin merupakan perkara ijtihad. Jika dibandingkan konsep pelantikan pemimpin pada masa sekarang ini, ianya tidak berlawanan dengan nilai-nilai keislaman menurut fiqh siyasah.   Kata kunci: al-Hall wa al-‘Aqd , Fiqh Siyasah, Mushawarah, Pemikiran Politik Islam dan Perlantikan Pemimpin

scholarly journals CLEANSING THE NATION OF THE “DOGS OF HELL”: ʿALI JUMʿA'S NATIONALIST LEGAL REASONING IN SUPPORT OF THE 2013 EGYPTIAN COUP AND ITS BLOODY AFTERMATH

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Warren
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Legal Reasoning ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Nationalist Discourse ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Islamic Political Thought ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Horizon Of Expectations ◽  
Historical Origins

AbstractThis article contributes to an emerging scholarly debate over the support displayed by key Azhari ʿulamaʾ for the 3 July 2013 coup in Egypt and the subsequent massacres of anticoup protesters. I focus on the Islamic legal justifications articulated by the former grand mufti of Egypt ʿAli Jumʿa, which academics have contextualized primarily in relation to quietist precedents from late medieval Islamic political thought or his Sufi background. By contrast, I consider Jumʿa's justifications as representative of a nationalist discourse that has its historical origins in the protonationalism of Rifaʿa al-Tahtawi (d. 1873). My argument has wider implications for our conceptualization of the contemporary Islamic tradition. If, as scholars have argued, the Islamic tradition is a framework for inquiry rather than a set of doctrines, then in the 19th century a concern for the nation and its future became a key part of that framework. I contend that these additions came to redefine the worldview and politics of the ʿulamaʾ in terms of national progress and its horizon of expectations.

Women

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha S. Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Political Roles ◽  
Islamic Political Thought ◽  
Islamic Values ◽  
Measuring Stick

This chapter considers the complex relationship between gender and Islamic political thought through a few snapshots: the Qur'an, female contemporaries of Muhammad, medieval Islamic scholarship, and modern Muslim women. Several women are mentioned in the Qur'an, some of whom demonstrate a strong independent spirit. They are held responsible for their own salvation, apart from their husbands or male relatives. The independent personalities of women who appear in the Qur'an are reflected in the stories of early Muslim women as recorded in Islamic history. Muhammad's wives played key political roles during the lifetime of Muhammad and the early generations of Islam. In the modern period, “Muslim women” as an abstract, essentialized entity has become a measuring stick for “progress” as well as an embodiment of “authentic” Islamic values.

scholarly journals Правовой и религиозный авторитет в концепции иджтихада у Марджани

Islamology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Nathan Spannaus
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Legal Methodology ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Volga Ural Region

In the history of Islamic thought in the Russian Empire, Shihabaddin Mardjani’s (1818-1889) call for ijtihad is well-known, but often misunderstood as a form of radical modernization. In fact, Mardjani’s understanding of ijtihad, as evident in his important Arabic works, does not differ significantly from the conception of ijtihad that predominated in the post-classical period of Islamic history (13th-19th cent.). This article addresses in detail Mardjani’s stance on ijtihad and its religious and legal premises, from the perspective of its broader context in the middle of the 19th century, specifically the changes to the structure of Islamic institutions in the Volga-Ural region and the weakening of the religious authority of the ulama. I argue that although Mardjani’s stance was shaped by this context, it is nevertheless based on maintaining the legal methodology of the Hanafi school (madhhab) and scholars’ role as religious interpreters.

Maṣlaḥa as Sovereignty: Fadlallah and Khomeini Compared

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-112
Author(s):  
Nachman Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
Islamic Political Thought ◽  
Popular Movement ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of

This article examines how Fadlallah and Khomeini’s respective quests for sovereignty are reflected in their political thought, particularly vis-a-vis their notions of maṣlaḥa, which I define as the “common good.” I argue that if, to an extent, Islamic political thought seeks to maximise maṣlaḥa, then this can also constitute a claim to sovereignty, the definition of which remains multidimensional and contentious. By closely examining Fadlallah and Khomeini’s writings and pronouncements on governance, popular movement, and state, I attempt to reveal how discussions regarding Islamic governance demonstrate a broader claim to authority in Islamic history.

An Egyptian Medical Officer and Qurʾān Commentator in Ottoman Syria

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-69
Author(s):  
Majid Daneshgar
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Medical Officer ◽  
Empirical Science ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Professional Background ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract This article pays a particular attention to an Arab army physician and scholar from the mid-19th century who placed empirical science at the center of Islamic thought and situated it within Qurʾānic exegetical debates. He is the Egyptian Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Iskandarānī, a medical officer who ended up working in Ottoman Syria, and whose works were copied and printed (in)directly by the Ottomans. Apart from the limited information contained in previous scholarly literature, which, on the basis of his first commentary alone, repeatedly presents this commentator as one of the first people to have produced a “scientific interpretation of the Qurʾān”, little is known about his personal and professional background and the production of his commentaries. This study also sheds light on exegetical and intellectual directions produced outside Egypt in the 19th century.

THE CONSTITUTION OF MEDINA: A SOCIOLEGAL INTERPRETATION OF MUHAMMAD'S ACTS OF FOUNDATION OF THE UMMA

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saïd Amir Arjomand
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Solid Rock ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

One of the oldest extant documents in Islamic history records a set of deeds executed by Muhammad after his migration (hijra) in 622 from Mecca to Yathrib, subsequently known as “the City [madīna] of the Prophet.” Marking the beginning of the Islamic era, the document comprising the deeds has been the subject of well over a century of modern scholarship and is commonly called the “Constitution of Medina”—with some justification, although the first modern scholar who studied it at the end of the 19th century, Julius Wellhausen, more accurately described it as the “municipal charter” (Gemeindeordnung) of Medina. In 1889, Wellhausen highlighted the text's antiquity, which has been acknowledged by even the most skeptical of contemporary “source-critical” scholars, Patricia Crone, who thinks that, in Ibn Ishaq's Sira, “it sticks out like a piece of solid rock in an accumulation of rubble.”

scholarly journals Un paisaje sacralizado por grabados rupestres protohistóricos e históricos en las hoces del río Mesa (Calmarza, Zaragoza) = A Sacralized Landscape by Protohistoric and Historical Rock Engravings in the Gorges of the River Mesa (Calmarza, Zaragoza)

2020 ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
José Ignacio Royo Guillén ◽  
Francisco José Navarro Cabeza ◽  
Serafín Benedí Monge
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
The Third ◽  
Christian Iconography ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
The 19Th Century

Los estudios sobre grabados rupestres al aire libre de cronología postpaleolítica, adolecen de importantes carencias que, en el valle medio del Ebro, se han visto superadas con la llegada del tercer milenio. Con la presentación de este trabajo se pretende dar a conocer un nuevo núcleo de grabados rupestres, localizado en el extremo suroeste de la provincia de Zaragoza, en las gargantas calcáreas del río Mesa. Entre los nuevos enclaves rupestres, destacan los abrigos con grabados protohistóricos, pero muy especialmente los de cronología medieval andalusí y los de iconografía cristiana entre los siglos XIV y XVIII, con perduraciones hasta mediados del siglo XIX y algunas escenas relacionadas con la primera Guerra Carlista en Aragón. La distribución de los hallazgos, su tipología e iconografía y los restos arqueológicos asociados, permiten documentar una importante ocupación del territorio desde la Iª Edad del Hierro y la sacralización del paisaje a través del arte rupestre, con pervivencias que se perpetúan a lo largo de la Edad Media y Moderna, destacando como novedad la presencia de un importante conjunto de inscripciones epigráficas islámicas que deben situarse entre los siglos XI y XII. AbstractThe studies on open-air rock engravings in post-Paleolithic chronology suffer from important deficiencies, which in the middle valley of the Ebro, have been overcome with the arrival of the third millennium.With the presentation of this work, the aim is to make known a new nucleus of rock engravings, located in the extreme southwest of the province of Zaragoza, in the limestone gorges of the River Mesa. Among the new rock engravings, the shelters with protohistoric engravings stand out, but especially those with a medieval Andalusian chronology and those with Christian iconography between the 14th and 18th centuries, which lasted until the middle of the 19th century and some scenes related to the first Carlist War in Aragon. The distribution of the findings, their typology and iconography and the associated archaeological remains, allow us to document an important occupation of the territory since the First Iron Age and the sacralization of the landscape through rock art, with survivals that are perpetuated throughout the Middle and Modern Ages, highlighting as a novelty the presence of an important set of Islamic epigraphic inscriptions that must be located between the 11th and 12th centuries.

scholarly journals Cities and Ideologies in 19th Century Cyprus: A Traditional Capital and a Modern Port City

Chronos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 85-106
Author(s):  
Michalis N Michael
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Port City ◽  
The Third ◽  
The 19Th Century

The 19th century could be described as the bourgeoisie century since it is generally acknowledged that the European bourgeoisie, which reached its apex during the third quarter of the century (Hobsbawm 2000:346), was both financially strong and having a political say, and was successful in leading societies and their political states to radical changes. The rivalry of the bourgeoisie against other social groups, and mainly those attached to power or in many cases in power, led to ideological conflicts resulting in power changing hands or in some cases led the traditional aristocratic power being controlled by elements of the bourgeoisie.

scholarly journals Akademickie periodyki narodowe. Z dziejów prasy Narodowej Demokracji (do 1939 roku

2021 ◽  
pp. 262-279
Author(s):  
Aneta Dawidowicz
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Democratic Movement ◽  
Creation Process ◽  
The Press ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 19Th Century

The community periodicals had accompanied the creation process of the press system in the Polish territory since the end of the 19th century. The community dimension of the press relates to both its spatial scope and the concreteness of the publishing profile. The National Democracy press was a collection of periodicals characterised by their typological diversity, in which the world presented equalled reality of the readers. From its beginnings, the National Democracy treated press in a purely utilitarian manner, as a form of dissemination of political thought and the tool which supported the achievement of political goals. The press took a multifaceted part in the development of national democratic movement.

Part 1 Constitutionalism and Islam: Conceptual Issues, 1.2 The Centrality of Sharī‘ah to Government and Constitutionalism in Islam

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
El Fadl Khaled Abou
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Dormant State ◽  
Majoritarian Democracy ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Islamic Political Thought ◽  
Muslim Scholars

This chapter examines potentialities, i.e. the doctrinal aspects in Islamic political thought that could legitimate, promote, or subvert the emergence of a constitutional practice in Muslim cultures. These doctrinal potentialities exist in a dormant state until they are co-opted and directed by systematic thought supported by cumulative social practices. The discussions focus on doctrinal potentialities or concepts constructed by the interpretive activity of Muslim scholars (primarily jurists). It covers the notion of constitutionalism and majoritarian democracy; the main concepts of Islamic political thought; justice as a core constitutional value; the instrumentalities of government in Islamic thought; the possibility of individual rights; and constitutionalism and Sharīʻah.

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