Effects of drip irrigation and topdressing on dry matter weight, mineral nutrient absorption and yield of pod-bearing stage in peanut

Given the high costs of agricultural production, especially due to the price of fertilisers, particularly nitrogen, the use of inoculants to supply nitrogen to soybean crops is a widely recommended practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of applying inoculants through seed and planting furrow in soil previously cultivated with soybean and Brazilian native “cerrado” biome soil under greenhouse conditions. Seven treatments were tested: 1) inoculation via seed (inoculant + fungicide + micronutrient), 2) treatment via seed (fungicide + micronutrient), 3) control (only seed), 4) inoculation via furrow-dose 1 (recommended dose), 5) inoculation via furrow-dose 2 (twice the recommended dose), 6) inoculation via furrow-dose 3 (three times the recommended dose) and 7) inoculation via furrow-dose 1 + seed inoculation. We evaluated plant height, fresh and dry matter weight of the aerial part and nodules, number of total, viable and non-viable nodules, number of pods per plant and grain yield. Inoculation was more effective when used in cerrado soil, but soybean performance in treatments without inoculation was higher in previously cultivated soil. Application through furrow proved to be a viable practice due to the similarity of the results obtained with the traditional application by seed.

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Growth of bare root Pinus taeda, L. seedlings cultivated under five densities in nursery

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162007000100004 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 23-29

Author(s):

José Geraldo de Araújo Carneiro ◽

Deborah Guerra Barroso ◽

Luis Maurício da Silva Soares

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Root Systems ◽

Root Collar Diameter ◽

Plant Densities ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

Bare Root ◽

Pinus Taeda L ◽

Root Collar ◽

Dry Matter Weight

Seedlings compete for nutrients, water and light. The available area for each seedling affects their behavior related to requirements for these resources. This experiment evaluated the influence of five plant densities on the growth of bare root Pinus taeda, L. seedlings in a nursery after outplanting. The analyzed characteristics were: height (H), root collar diameter (D), H/D ratio, and dry matter weight. Higher densities stimulated H growth and the lowest densities increased D average and dry matter weight and lowered the H/D ratio. Seedlings were distributed by H, D and H/D classes. Higher densities had a larger number of seedlings in larger H classes. Larger numbers of seedlings with larger D and lower H/D ratios were found in lower densities. Ten months after outplanting the seedlings grown in lower densities had higher survival percentages and growth. Some saplings of standardized heights were uprooted with the objective of studying their root systems. The lowest densities stimulated higher numbers of first and second order roots as well as fresh and dry matter weights of thin roots with mycorrhizae presence. In both parts of the experiment, the density of 278 seedlings m-2 yielded equivalent averages as compared to the lowest densities.

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Soil resistance to penetration and least limiting water range for soybean yield in a haplustox from Brazil

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132005000800002 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 863-871 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Amauri Nelson Beutler ◽

José Frederico Centurion ◽

Alvaro Pires da Silva

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Soil Compaction ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Soil Resistance ◽

Soybean Yield ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

Least Limiting Water Range ◽

Dry Matter Weight ◽

Resistance To Penetration

The objective of this study was determine the resistance to penetration (PR), least limiting water range (LLWR) and critical bulk density (Db-crit) for soybean yield in a medium-textured oxisol (Haplustox). The treatments represented the soil compaction by passing a tractor over the site 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 times, with 4 replications in a randomized experimental design. Samples were collected from 0.02-0.05, 0.07-0.10 and 0.15-0.18 m depths. Soybean (Glycine max cv. Embrapa 48) was sowed in December 2002. Plant height, number of pods, aerial dry matter, weight of 100 seeds, and the yield in 3.6 m² plots were recorded. Soybean yield started reduction at the PR of 0.85 MPa and Db of 1.48 Mg m-3. The LLWR was limited in highest part by water content at field capacity (0.01 MPa tension) and in lowest part by water content at PRcrit, achieved the Db-crit to yield at 1.48 Mg m-3.

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CONDITIONING OF SEEDLINGS OF PEPPERS (CAPSICUM ANNUM L.), INFLUENCED BY THE HYDROPONIC SYSTEM "FLOATING"

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2020v25n4p764-770 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 764-770

Author(s):

ANA RAQUEL DE MELO ◽

JOSÉ FLÁVIO FERREIRA DE SOUSA ◽

CRISTIANE NUNES CONCEIÇÃO ◽

MARIA ROSELANE ALVES OLIVEIRA

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Plant Root ◽

Calcium Nitrate ◽

Dry Mass ◽

New Production ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

Hydroponic System ◽

Capsicum Annum ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Dry Matter Weight

CONDITIONING OF SEEDLINGS OF PEPPERS (CAPSICUM ANNUM L.), INFLUENCED BY THE HYDROPONIC SYSTEM "FLOATING" ANA RAQUEL PEREIRA DE MELO 1; JOSÉ FLÁVIO FERREIRA DE SOUSA2; CRISTIANE NUNES DA CONCEIÇÃO 3 E MARIA ROSELANE ALVES OLIVEIRA4 1 Engenheira Agrônoma, Instituto Federal do Maranhão - Campus Codó-MA, Rua do Poraquê S/N Codó Novo, Zona Rural, CEP: 65400000, Codó- MA, Brasil, [email protected]; 2 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Instituto Federal do Maranhão - Campus Codó-MA, Rua do Poraquê S/N Codó Novo, Zona Rural, CEP: 65400000, Codó- MA, Brasil, [email protected]; 3 Engenheira Agrônoma, Instituto Federal do Maranhão - Campus Codó-MA, Rua do Poraquê S/N Codó Novo, Zona Rural, CEP: 65400000, Codó- MA, Brasil, [email protected]; 4 Engenheira Agrônoma, Instituto Federal do Maranhão - Campus Codó-MA, Rua do Poraquê S/N Codó Novo, Zona Rural, CEP: 65400000, Codó- MA, Brasil, [email protected]. 1 ABSTRACT The aim of this research to assess the development of pepper seedlings under different nutritional conditions, under the influence of the "Floating" aiming system, a new production, alternative for larger producers’ safety in producing sustainably, ensuring the production of healthy food and income generation. The production of seedlings occurred in polyethylene plastic trays, where they were placed 2/seeds paprika cells of Yolo Wonder cultivar. After the emergence of seedlings was thinning. The experimental design was completely randomized design, containing 5 treatments with 4 replications. The treatments were T1-trays remained out of the "floating", receiving water irrigation 2 times a day; T2-trays of floating, remained out more irrigation the same solution of the "floating" 3 times a week, using 500 ml of solution per Pan; T3-were pans 12:00 are in "floating" and 12:00 am out; T4-trays remained throughout the period of the test in the "floating"; T5-trays remained throughout the period in the "floating", except in the last week. The solution was composed of soluble fertilizer, calcium nitrate, potassium chloride, Triple Superphosphate and Urea, and was changed every Ten days. The parameters analyzed were height of the plant; Root length; Fresh matter weight of shoot; Weight of fresh root matter; Dry matter weight of shoot; Root dry matter weight; Diameter of the stem. All parameters analyzed were submitted to analysis of variance and averages compared by Tukey test to 1% in the case of significance. The treatment proved to be more feasible was the T4, as this medium to larger variables introduced height, stem diameter, plant fresh mass aerial and aerial dry mass. Keywords: Nutrient solution, production, safety, productive Alternative. MELO, A. R. P.; SOUSA, J. F. F.; CONCEIÇÃO, C. N. E OLIVEIRA, M. R. A. CONDICIONAMENTO DE MUDAS DE PIMENTÃO (CAPSICUM ANNUM L.), INFLUENCIADAS PELO SISTEMA HIDROPÔNICO “FLOATING” 2 RESUMO Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar o desenvolvimento de mudas de pimentão submetidas a diferentes condicionamentos nutricionais, sobre influência do sistema “Floating” visando, uma nova alternativa de produção, para propiciar aos produtores maior segurança em produzir sustentavelmente, para com isso garantir a produção de alimentos saudáveis e geração de renda. A produção de mudas ocorreu em bandejas de polietileno plástico, onde foram colocadas 2 sementes/célula de pimentão da cultivar Yolo Wonder. Após a emergência das plântulas, foi feito o desbaste. O delineamento experimental foi Inteiramente Casualizado, contendo 5 tratamentos com 4 repetições. Os tratamentos foram: T1- As bandejas permaneceram sempre fora do “floating”, recebendo irrigação de água 2 vezes ao dia; T2 – As bandejas permaneceram fora do floating, mais irrigação da mesma solução do “floating” 3 vezes por semana, usando 500 ml da solução por bandeja; T3 – As bandejas ficaram 24 h em “floating” e 24 h fora; T4 - As bandejas permaneceram todo o período do ensaio no "floating"; T5 - As bandejas permaneceram todo o período no "floating” ", exceto na última semana. A solução foi composta pelos fertilizantes solúveis, Nitrato de Cálcio, Cloreto de potássio, Superfosfato Triplo e Ureia, e foi trocada a cada Dez dias. Os parâmetros analisados foram: Altura da planta; Comprimento da raiz; Peso da matéria fresca da parte aérea; Peso da matéria fresca da raiz; Peso da matéria seca da parte aérea; Peso da matéria seca da raiz; Diâmetro do caule. Todos os parâmetros analisados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 1% no caso de significância. O tratamento que se mostrou mais viável foi o T4, pois este apresentou maiores médias para as variáveis altura da planta, diâmetro caulinar, massa fresca da parte aérea e massa seca da parte aérea. Palavras-chave: Solução Nutritiva, Alternativa de Produção, Segurança produtiva.

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Plants population and harvesting times influence in saccharine sorghum BRS 506 production

Revista Agrogeoambiental ◽

10.18406/2316-1817v9n420171011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Ivan Vilela Andrade Fiorini ◽

Renzo Garcia Von Pinho ◽

Hélcio Duarte Pereira ◽

João Paulo Martins Moraes ◽

Jhonathan Pedroso Rigal dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Sorghum ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Linear Growth ◽

Reducing Sugars ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Matter Production ◽

Fodder Production ◽

Green Matter ◽

Total Reducing Sugars ◽

Dry Matter Weight

Saccharine sorghum is an excellent option for ethanol production under industrial and agronomic perspectives, due to high green matter production and succulent stalks with fermentable sugars. The aim of this work was to evaluate the harvesting season and plants population effect over theethanol and fodder production from sweet sorghum culture BRS 506. The experiment was installed in November 2012, at (CDTCA/UFLA), located in Lavras (MG). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with 3 repetitions, factorial scheme 4 x 4 (4 populations: 70, 100, 130 and 160thousand plants ha-1 ; 4 harvesting seasons: flowering (0 days after flowering (DAF), 10 DAF, 20 DAF and physiological maturity at 40 DAF). The variables evaluated at harvesting: green matter weight (GM), dry matter weight (DM), juice volume (JV), total soluble solids (ºbrix), total reducing sugars (TRS) and brix tonnes per hectare (TBH). The populations increase provided the highest JV and it has not affected other variables. The characteristics were influenced by the harvesting seasons. The harvesting season at 40 DAF provided the highest ºbrix. The ºbrix and the TRS showed linear growth with an increase after flowering for plants harvesting. The highest productivities (GM, DM, JV and TBH) were obtained close to 17, 22, 17 and 14 DAF, respectively, favoring higher fodder and ethanolproduction in these stages.

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Growth and Competitiveness of Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) after Foliar Application ofAscochyta caulinaas a Mycoherbicide

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s004317450009442x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 609-614 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Corné Kempenaar ◽

Petra J. F. M. Horsten ◽

Piet C. Scheepens

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Common Lambsquarters ◽

Leaf Necrosis ◽

Dry Matter Weight ◽

Development Application

Control of common lambsquarters by the use ofAscochyta caldinaas a postemergence mycoherbicide was studied in corn and sugar beet, in 1992 or 1993. The weed was planted at determined positions in the crops. Plots were treated with suspensions ofA. caulinaspores, and wetness duration's were varied to create different levels of disease development. Application ofA. caulinaresulted in necrosis development on, and mortality of common lambsquarters. Average severities of leaf necrosis 1 wk after treatment ranged from 0.01 to 0.75. Average proportions of dead plants 3 wk after treatment ranged from 0.00 to 0.65. Necrosis development and mortality were affected by wetness duration in two experiments. Sublethally diseased plants showed reduced growth. Maximum dry matter was affected by crop and by necrosis development. Numbers of fruits per plant showed a positive, almost linear relationship with plant dry matter weight. Seed weight was less affected by necrosis than number of fruits per plant. Competitiveness of common lambsquarters was reduced after infection byA. caulina.Crop dry matter weight showed a positive relationship with the level of common lambsquarters control. In corn, yield reduction by competition was prevented by application of A.caulina, but not in sugar beet.

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Critical Leaf Magnesium Concentrations for Adequate Photosynthate Production of Soilless Cultured Cherry Tomato—Interaction with Potassium

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10121863 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1863

Author(s):

Xilin Guan ◽

Dunyi Liu ◽

Bin Liu ◽

Changchun Wu ◽

Chuanyun Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Photosynthetic Parameters ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Cherry Tomato ◽

Biochemical Processes ◽

Tomato Yield ◽

Ca Uptake ◽

Yield Formation ◽

Physiological And Biochemical ◽

Dry Matter Weight

Magnesium (Mg) is essential to many plant physiological and biochemical processes; however, understanding how Mg nutrition quantitatively affects the production, partitioning, and utilization of photoassimilates is still lacking, especially in soilless culture systems. We focused on the roles of Mg in yield formation and interactions with potassium (K) nutrition of cherry tomato. Cherry tomato yield, photosynthetic parameters, dry matter weight, and K, Mg, and calcium (Ca) uptake were investigated in two soilless experiments with seven Mg levels and five K levels. The results showed that low (<1 mM) and high (>4 mM) Mg supply limited cherry tomato yield by decreasing dry matter accumulation by 22.6–78.1% and harvest index by 13.9–40.7%. The critical leaf Mg concentrations required for adequate photosynthate production in the first and second harvest periods were 4.67 and 5.52 g·kg−1, respectively. However, over-supply of Mg reduced leaf K and Ca concentrations and limited plant uptake of K and Ca. Moreover, adjusting K concentrations in solution could influence plant Mg functions in photosynthesis and, therefore, cherry tomato growth. Overall, balanced Mg and K application increased Mg, K, and Ca uptake, as well as Mg concentrations in leaves, which could maintain a sustainable photosynthetic rate and plant dry matter formation.

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Phosphorus requirement and partitioning in oat cultivars

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20170313 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Jonas Manica ◽

Pedro Alexandre Varella Escosteguy

Keyword(s):

Avena Sativa ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Phosphorus Content ◽

Nutrient Requirements ◽

Physiological Maturity ◽

P Content ◽

Phosphorus Requirement ◽

Oat Cultivars ◽

Dry Matter Weight

ABSTRACT: Maintenance fertilization changes with nutrient requirements and partitioning, but these are not well known for oat cultivars. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether phosphorus (P) requirements and partitioning vary among cultivars of oat (Avena sativa L.). The UPFA ‘Ouro’, UPFPS ‘Farroupilha’, IPR ‘Afrodite’, URS ‘FAPA Slava’, ‘Barbarasul’, ‘FAEM 007’, URS ‘Taura’, and ‘URS 21’ were cultivated in a Latosol with high P content in a greenhouse in 2015. Plants were sampled at physiological maturity and divided into roots, stem, leaves, and grain tissues. Phosphorus content and the dry matter weight of these parts were evaluated and the uptake amount and partitioning of P were estimated. The values of these variables differed across cultivars, except the P content in the grain (‘average’, 4.0g P kg-1). ‘Afrodite’ and ‘FAPA Slava’ have lower requirements and partitioning of P in the grain, but these did not vary among the other cultivars. Requirements and partitioning of P in stem and leaves increased in the following order: ‘Ouro’ and ‘Farroupilha’<‘Taura’ and ‘FAPA Slava’<‘URS 21’<‘Afrodite’, ‘Barbarasul’ and ‘FAEM 007’. Requirement and partitioning of P in roots, stem, leaves, and grain differs across cultivars, which indicates that this factor, besides how the oat is used (such as for grain, pasture, silage, cover crop), can be used to improve maintenance fertilization.

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