Goethe, the Japanese National Identity through Cultural Exchange, 1889 to 1989

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-100
Author(s):  
Stefan Keppler-Tasaki ◽  
Seiko Tasaki
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Gottfried Benn ◽  
Mori Ogai ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nishida Kitaro ◽  
Source Materials

Abstract This is a study of the alleged “singular reception career”1 that Goethe experienced in Japan from 1889 to 1989, i. e., from the first translation of the Mignon song to the last issues of the Neo Faust manga series. In its path, we will highlight six areas of discourse which concern the most prominent historical figures resp. figurations involved here: (1) the distinct academic schools of thought aligned with the topic “Goethe in Japan” since Kimura Kinji <styled-content>,</styled-content> (2) the tentative Japanification of Goethe by Thomas Mann and Gottfried Benn, (3) the recognition of the (un-)German classical writer in the circle of the Japanese national author Mori Ōgai <styled-content></styled-content>, as well as Goethe’s rich resonances in (4) Japanese suicide ideals since the early days of Wertherism (Ueruteru-zumu <styled-content></styled-content>), (5) the Zen Buddhist theories of Nishida Kitarō <styled-content></styled-content> and D. T. Suzuki <styled-content></styled-content>, and lastly (6) works of popular culture by Kurosawa Akira <styled-content></styled-content> and Tezuka Osamu <styled-content></styled-content>. Critical appraisal of these source materials supports the thesis that the polite violence and interesting deceits of the discursive history of “Goethe, the Japanese” can mostly be traced back, other than to a form of speech in German-Japanese cultural diplomacy, to internal questions of Japanese national identity.

Social Smoking and French Fancies: The Dublin Art(s) Club, 1886–98

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-380
Author(s):  
Kathryn Milligan
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Art History ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Art World ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
Cultural Revival ◽  
British Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Abstract ABSTRACT The Dublin Art(s) Club, which operated in the Irish capital from 1886 to 1898, offers an intriguing case study for modes of artistic networks and cultural exchange between Ireland and Britain in the closing decades of the nineteenth century. Despite this, the history of the Club has been little explored in historiography to date, often confused with other ventures by artists in the city. Examining the rise and fall of the Dublin Art(s) Club, along with its members and activities, this article retrieves its history and posits that it offers an example of an aspect of art in Ireland which was conspicuous for its cosmopolitan outlook and active engagement with the wider British art world, which then spanned across both islands. The history of the Dublin Art(s) Club poses a challenge to the extant scholarship of this period in Irish art history, which to date has been largely understood to be focused on themes of national identity, the cultural revival, and artists who left Ireland to train in Belgium and France. This article posits that by re-engaging with the activities of art clubs and societies, a more complex reading of artistic life in Victorian Dublin can emerge.

scholarly journals MONTENEGRO IN TRAVELOGUE BLACK LAMB AND GREY FALCON: A JOURNEY THROUGH YUGOSLAVIA, 1941) REBECCA WEST

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-51
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Rebecca West ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Ethnic Stereotypes ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Gerard Genette

The subject of this paper will be the presentation of Montenegro in the travelogue Black Lamb and Grey Falcon by Rebecca West. This travelogue will be analysed from the literary-historical, literary-theoretical and imagological perspectives. We will deal with the chronotope of Montenegro (Kolashin, Podgorica, Cetinje and Budva) and the national identity of the Montenegrin people from the viewpoint of a travelogue narrator that does not belong to that nation, as well as the creation of trans- national identities. We will also pay attention to the construction of ethnic stereotypes and their (non)duration in time. The paper will also include a comparison of characters and events depicted in the travelogue with historical figures and the events on which they are modelled. “The key assumption of the literary-historical approach to the travelogue discourse is finding its typical places, shaping specific rhetoric of the travelogue based on a few backings from the narratology to the history of mentality.” (Duda 1998, 92) The presentation of Montenegro in the travelogue Black Lamb and Grey Falcon will be based on Duda’s assumptions and Bakhtin’s perception of chronotope as “the essential interconnection of time and space relations” (Bakhtin 1989, 193). We will also take into account the views of Gerard Genette and Mieke Bal.

Oral Testimony as Historical Source Material for the Reconstruction of the Judicial History of Shipping in India (1600-1800)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mir Kamruzzman Chowdhary
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Maritime History ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Oral Testimony ◽  
History Of ◽  
Judicial History ◽  
Source Materials

This study was an attempt to understand how the available alternative source materials, such as oral testimonies can serve as valuable assets to unveiling certain aspects of maritime history in India. A number of themes in maritime history in India failed to get the attention of the generation of historians, because of the paucity of written documents. Unlike in Europe, the penning down of shipping activities was not a concern for the authorities at the port in India. The pamphlets and newsletters declared the scheduled departure of the ship in Europe but, in India, this was done verbally. Therefore, maritime history in India remained marginalised. Hence, in this article, I make an endeavour to perceive how the oral testimonies can help shed some new light on certain aspects of maritime history in India, such as life on the ship, maritime practices, and perceptions among the littoral people in coastal societies. This article also outlines an approach on how the broader question on the transformation of scattered maritime practices among coastal societies can be adapted and transferred into an organised institution of law by the nineteenth century, and how these can be pursued in future. I also suggest in this article that the role of Europeans, especially the British, in the process of transformation, can be investigated further through oral testimonies in corroboration with the colonial archival records.

Ballet in the Cold War

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Searcy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
The United States ◽  
Performing Artists ◽  
Exchange Programs ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War

During the Cold War, the governments of the United States and the Soviet Union developed cultural exchange programs, in which they sent performing artists abroad in order to generate goodwill for their countries. Ballet companies were frequently called on to serve in these programs, particularly in the direct Soviet-American exchange. This book analyzes four of the early ballet exchange tours, demonstrating how this series of encounters changed both geopolitical relations and the history of dance. The ballet tours were enormously popular. Performances functioned as an important symbolic meeting point for Soviet and American officials, creating goodwill and normalizing relations between the two countries in an era when nuclear conflict was a real threat. At the same time, Soviet and American audiences did not understand ballet in the same way. As American companies toured in the Soviet Union and vice versa, audiences saw the performances through the lens of their own local aesthetics. Ballet in the Cold War introduces the concept of transliteration to understand this process, showing how much power viewers wielded in the exchange and explaining how the dynamics of the Cold War continue to shape ballet today.

Multicultural and Transnational Novels

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Meffan
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
The Other ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Return Home ◽  
Access Rights ◽  
The One

This chapter discusses the history of multicultural and transnational novels in New Zealand. A novel set in New Zealand will have to deal with questions about cultural access rights on the one hand and cultural coverage on the other. The term ‘transnational novel’ gains its relevance from questions about cultural and national identity, questions that have particularly exercised nations formed from colonial history. The chapter considers novels that demonstrate and respond to perceived deficiencies in wider discourses of cultural and national identity by way of comparison between New Zealand and somewhere else. These include Amelia Batistich's Another Mountain, Another Song (1981), Albert Wendt's Sons for the Return Home (1973) and Black Rainbow (1992), James McNeish's Penelope's Island (1990), Stephanie Johnson's The Heart's Wild Surf (2003), and Lloyd Jones's Mister Pip (2006).

Nonaligned Modernism: Yugoslav Culture, Nonaligned Cultural Diplomacy, and Transnational Solidarity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Bojana Videkanić
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
Cultural Work ◽  
Political Agency ◽  
Cultural Hegemony ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
Political Cooperation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Transnational Solidarity ◽  
Political Scene

Abstract This article examines aspects of the history of socialist Yugoslavia’s contribution to creating a transnational Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) culture. It does so by analyzing cultural diplomacy on the Yugoslav cultural and political scene between the 1950s and 1980s. The cultural diplomacy of Yugoslavia and its nonaligned partners is seen as a form of political agency, paralleling and supplementing larger activities of forming economic and political cooperation in the Global South. Yugoslavia’s role in building NAM culture was instrumental in nurturing nascent transnationalism, which was born out of anti-colonial movements following World War II. Cultural events, bilateral agreements, and cultural institutions were used to complement Yugoslav participation in an anti-colonial, anti-capitalist struggle; they promoted NAM ideals and sought to create transcultural networks that would counter Western cultural hegemony. Such examples of solidarity were based in a modernist cultural ethos, but espoused political, social, and cultural forms that were indigenous to various NAM countries. For Yugoslavia, nonaligned modernism and transnationalism solidified the country’s transition from a hardline, Soviet-style state to a more open, humanist-socialist one. The history of transnational collaboration, examined through the narrative of cultural work, is an example of Yugoslav attempts at building political agency and international cooperation through the promotion of nonaligned ideals.

A new history of Ireland

1969 ◽  
Vol 16 (63) ◽  
pp. 241-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.W. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Irish History ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
Special Studies ◽  
Source Materials

The completion in 1967 of thirty years of Irish Historical Studies has been the occasion for a stocktaking (still in progress) of the achievement of those years in Irish historiography. They are coming to be seen as an era of remarkable advances in specialist research, in professional technique, in historical organisation, and in the publication of special studies, source materials, bibliographies and aids to research. Though this research has been unevenly spread, it has produced an impressive body of new knowledge on many periods and topics. The conditions for scholarly work on Irish history have thus been transformed; and there is a world of difference between the prospects for Irish historiography in 1938 and now.

scholarly journals Old World Homecomings: Campaigns of Ancestral Tourism and Cultural Diplomacy, 1945–66

2021 ◽  
pp. 002200942098684
Author(s):  
Adam Hjorthén
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Marshall Plan ◽  
Old World ◽  
Subsequent Transformation ◽  
Political Incentives ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Roots Tourism

This article examines the history of ancestral tourism and its development as a form of cultural diplomacy between 1945 and 1966. The phenomenon often referred to as ‘roots tourism’ has during the last decades increased in popularity, especially in Old World countries that historically have sent large numbers of people to North America. While previous scholarship has focused on its existential dimensions and its relation to the twenty-first century tourism and heritage economies, this article looks at how ancestral tourism grew out of European attempts at expanding the tourism industry after 1945. It studies the international spread of ‘person-to-person’ programs that sought to turn travelers into ‘ambassadors’, and the subsequent transformation of such initiatives into ‘homecoming’ campaigns through notions of co-descent, targeting Americans of European descent. By exploring the case of the 1966 Homecoming Year campaign in Sweden, the article shows that the attraction of ancestral tourism was grounded in its ability to combine economic and political incentives articulated in the Marshall Plan. It developed out of a liberal-democratic ideology that vested individual travelers with diplomatic agency. In the process, European tourist agencies calcified the notion that ancestral tourism served not only individual experiences, but also national economies and international relations.

The Preparation of a Bio-Bibliographical Survey of Persian Literature

1972 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-186
Author(s):  
Yu. E Borshchevsky ◽  
Yu. E. Bregel
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Late Development ◽  
Persian Literature ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Iranian Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bibliographical Survey ◽  
Eastern Turkestan ◽  
History Of Literature ◽  
Source Materials

The history of literature in Persian has not been sufficiently studied although it is almost twelve centuries old, and was at times in widespread use in Afghanistan, Eastern Turkestan, India, Turkey and the Caucasus, as well as in Iran and Central Asia. The comparatively late development of Iranian studies and the condition of source materials are to blame for this situation.

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