Pleasure in the Middle Ages, ed. Naama Cohen-Hanegbi and Piroska Nagy. International Medieval Research, 24. Turnhout: Brepols, 2018, xxiii, 383 pp., 10 b/w ill.

Mediaevistik ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-310
Author(s):  
Albrecht Classen
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Source Material ◽  
The Body ◽  
Religious Thought ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
Research Discipline ◽  
Present Volume ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Vast Range

The term ‘pleasure’ has many different meanings, and can be understood both in physical, emotional terms and in religious, or philosophical contexts. Pleasure pertains both to the body and to the spirit, so it turns out to be a very malleable concept which cannot be easily examined in a cultural-historical framework. The contributors to the present volume, however, who originally presented their studies orally at the 2013 International Medieval Congress at Leeds, pursue, as the two editors formulate it themselves, very diverse approaches, depending on their individual research discipline. However, pleasure is regularly associated with emotions, whether from a historical, theological, philosophical, art-historical (only one study), or literary (practically left out) perspective. Of course, this opens another Pandora’s box since ‘emotions’ represent a vast range of aspects in human life that are commonly not easy to identify or to determine in a critical fashion. Cohen-Hanegbi (Tel Aviv University) and Nagy (Université du Quebec à Montréal) offer the approximate definition of pleasure as being “an affect sustained by the interaction between physical and sensory knowledge, between cultural and social mores, and between religious thought and ethics” (xix). It might be difficult to grasp what they really mean by this, especially because they consider such features as “pleasured bodies, didactic pleasures, and pleasure in God” (ibid.), which again leaves us groping for straws. However, we are assured at the end of the introduction that all contributors, despite vast differences in their methodologies and materials, “attempt to define and analyze pleasures, joys, enjoyments, and delights through the language and mindset of the source material” (xxii).

scholarly journals An important period of the historical development of garden art: “Renaissance garden style”

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (38) ◽  
pp. 252-269
Author(s):  
Zihni Turkan ◽  
Esra Köksaldı
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Far East ◽  
Continuous Development ◽  
Renaissance Period ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Definition Of

Having a place in the concept of landscaping, which is an important factor in human life for integration with nature, garden art has shown a continuous development since its formation back in history. The first examples of garden styles in history were shaped with the effects of religious, philosophical, and mythological ideas. As in all branches of fine arts, garden art is nurtured by historical insights of style, and the reflections of cultural heritages are visible in all the designs that appear. It can be understood that the basis of the professional and modern garden designs is the historical gardens, and they show a development in that direction. In order to establish and document the historical formation and development processes of garden art, initially a definition of the concept of garden was made and the historical development of garden art was examined within the garden art styles of Antiquity, Middle Ages, Far East, Islamic, and British periods, in the research forming this study. After that, the Renaissance period garden style, meaning ‘rebirth’, which forms the detail of this study is examined with its historical development, its characteristics, and samples, in detail.

The Corporate Idea and the Body Politic in the Middle Ages

1947 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton-Hermann Chroust
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Western World ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
Doctrine Of The Church ◽  
The Middle Ages

The social thought of the Middle Ages, which undertook to comprehend and scientifically to formulate the nature and foundation of all human society, proceeded from the principle of a single and uniform but articulate whole. The idea of an organic conception of all human society in its entirety was as familiar to the mediaeval mind as the notion of an atomistic or mechanistic constrution of human associations was alien to that mind. Aside from issuing into a distinct and definite theory of “public law,” the mediaeval efforts to understand mankind in its entirety and to treat every form of human society as an organic unity were the starting points of a novel philosophy of law and state which brought about a new and glorious development of legal, social, and political ideas. This development was fully in line with the professed aim of the mediaeval spirit, namely the spiritual and moral education of die western world. It had for its core the doctrine of the Church, and for its goal the elaboration of an integrated outlook on all of human life. In die fields of legal, social, and political speculation this development was greatly enhanced by the collaboration of theologians, philosophers, and jurists. Here, as elsewhere, die mediaeval mind displayed and, on the whole, preserved that high degree of unity of thought and purpose which had its roots not only in that commonly shared conception of a single harmonious universe governed by one infinitely wise God, but also in the conviction that all first premises of right thought or right action were divinely revealed truths rather than discoveries made by human reason alone.

Metaphysics of movement

2021 ◽  
pp. 598-608
Author(s):  
Gr.G. Khubulava
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Human Life ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bodily Movement ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Mind

Relevance. Movement surrounds and accompanies us everywhere: planets move, time, river waters, the life of cities is accompanied by traffic along highways. Our own life is also inseparable from the phenomenon of movement, both at the micro and macro levels: whether it be the movement and division of atoms of matter and cells of the body, the movement and interaction of our bodies in space, or the movement of a person towards a specific goal, conditioned by intention and expressed in actions, which in themselves are also a movement of the will. Purpose: to describe and evaluate the nature of the phenomenon of movement both in the history of philosophy (from Zeno to Descartes and Bergson) and in the history of medicine (from Aristotle and Celsus to modern mechanisms that give a person a chance to return the possibility of movement as an aspect of full life). Methods: the research method is not only the analysis of the development of the phenomenon of movement in the history of philosophy and science, but also the analysis of the influence of modern technologies on the very understanding of the nature of movement not as a physiological, but as an ontological phenomenon. Results. The ancient idea of movement as a deception of the senses, describing the closed on itself the existence of an objectively motionless space or being the source and cause of eternally arising and disintegrating existence, was an attempt by thinkers to “catch the mind on being”, not just creating a picture of a single cosmos, but also comprehending him as part of the human world. The bodily movement and structure of a person was understood as part of the visible and speculative structure of being. The thought of the Middle Ages, which understood movement as the path of the world and man to God, perceived the phenomenon of movement as an expression of free will and, at the same time, the desire of the world to its completion, which is at the same time the moment of its transformation. The Renaissance epoch, which proclaimed man as an end in itself for existence, closely links the physical movement of man with the movement of the cosmos, and considers the visible nature to be the source of knowledge of the Divine Will. The New Time, which theoretically separated the mechanics of the bodily and the impulses of the soul and mind and declared man a “biological machine”, in fact does not break the relationship between the movement of the soul and the body, but, demonstrating the difference in the nature of these movements, anticipated the discovery of psychosomatics. Finally, modern times not only created a classification of “body techniques” inherent in various stages of human life and groups of people, describing the socio-cultural aspect of corporeality, but also perceived movement as an act of our existence and involvement in the existence of the world. Conclusion. Movement cannot be understood as a purely physiological act. In the process of growth, becoming, having barely learned to walk, we are faced with the need to perform actions, to “behave”, to be like a personal I and as a part of the moving world that collided with us. A world in which every step is an event and deed capable of defining “the landscape of our personal and universal being”.

scholarly journals AI, Big Data powered method of life expectancy prediction, severe diseases early stages detection, prevention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Teterin ◽  
Dushkin R V ◽  
Lelekova V A ◽  
Maksimov V S
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Scientific Group ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Diagnosis Of Diseases

Aging is a part of human life, often accompanied by serious illnesses. Nowadays, people sometimes do not live up to the biological aging of the body at all due to late-timed diagnosis of diseases. Unfortunately, the methods of early detection of diseases associated with aging do not yet have the technical equipment that would allow them to be fully implemented. This article provides an overview of methods for defining and analyzing the aging of the body. This is a review article of a novel hardware and software complex for health monitoring developed by a scientific group, which analyzes human bio parameters using artificial intelligence algorithms. The relevance of the proposed system is undeniable due to the used algorithms of artificial intelligence, with the help of which it is possible to quickly and accurately analyze a large amount of data related to human aging. The article will be of interest to developers of artificial intelligence, biostatisticians and scientists working on the definition of aging in the human body.

Metaphysics of movement

2021 ◽  
pp. 681-694
Author(s):  
Gr.G. Khubulava
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Human Life ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bodily Movement ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Mind

Relevance. Movement surrounds and accompanies us everywhere: planets move, time, river waters, the life of cities is accompanied by traffic along highways. Our own life is also inseparable from the phenomenon of movement, both at the micro and macro levels: whether it be the movement and division of atoms of matter and cells of the body, the movement and interaction of our bodies in space, or the movement of a person towards a specific goal, conditioned by intention and expressed in actions, which in themselves are also a movement of the will. Purpose: to describe and evaluate the nature of the phenomenon of movement both in the history of philosophy (from Zeno to Descartes and Bergson) and in the history of medicine (from Aristotle and Celsus to modern mechanisms that give a person a chance to return the possibility of movement as an aspect of full life). Methods: the research method is not only the analysis of the development of the phenomenon of movement in the history of philosophy and science, but also the analysis of the influence of modern technologies on the very understanding of the nature of movement not as a physiological, but as an ontological phenomenon. Results. The ancient idea of movement as a deception of the senses, describing the closed on itself the existence of an objectively motionless space or being the source and cause of eternally arising and disintegrating existence, was an attempt by thinkers to “catch the mind on being”, not just creating a picture of a single cosmos, but also comprehending him as part of the human world. The bodily movement and structure of a person was understood as part of the visible and speculative structure of being. The thought of the Middle Ages, which understood movement as the path of the world and man to God, perceived the phenomenon of movement as an expression of free will and, at the same time, the desire of the world to its completion, which is at the same time the moment of its transformation. The Renaissance epoch, which proclaimed man as an end in itself for existence, closely links the physical movement of man with the movement of the cosmos, and considers the visible nature to be the source of knowledge of the Divine Will. The New Time, which theoretically separated the mechanics of the bodily and the impulses of the soul and mind and declared man a “biological machine”, in fact does not break the relationship between the movement of the soul and the body, but, demonstrating the difference in the nature of these movements, anticipated the discovery of psychosomatics. Finally, modern times not only created a classification of “body techniques” inherent in various stages of human life and groups of people, describing the socio-cultural aspect of corporeality, but also perceived movement as an act of our existence and involvement in the existence of the world. Conclusion. Movement cannot be understood as a purely physiological act. In the process of growth, becoming, having barely learned to walk, we are faced with the need to perform actions, to “behave”, to be like a personal I and as a part of the moving world that collided with us. A world in which every step is an event and deed capable of defining “the landscape of our personal and universal being”.

scholarly journals AI, Big Data powered method of life expectancy prediction, severe diseases early stages detection, prevention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dushkin Roman Valerievich ◽  
Lelekova Vasilisa Alekseevna ◽  
Maksimov Vladislav Sergeevich ◽  
Teterin Oleg Olegovich
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Scientific Group ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Diagnosis Of Diseases

Abstract Aging is a part of human life, often accompanied by serious illnesses. Nowadays, people sometimes do not live up to the biological aging of the body at all due to late-timed diagnosis of diseases. Unfortunately, the methods of early detection of diseases associated with aging do not yet have the technical equipment that would allow them to be fully implemented. This article provides an overview of methods for defining and analyzing the aging of the body. This is a review article of a novel hardware and software complex for health monitoring developed by a scientific group, which analyzes human bio parameters using artificial intelligence algorithms. The relevance of the proposed system is undeniable due to the used algorithms of artificial intelligence, with the help of which it is possible to quickly and accurately analyze a large amount of data related to human aging. The article will be of interest to developers of artificial intelligence, biostatisticians and scientists working on the definition of aging in the human body.

Embryology as a Paradigm for Boethius’ musica humana

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Restani
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Renaissance Music ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
Style Of Thought ◽  
Latin Culture ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

At the beginning of Boethius’ De institutione musica, musica humana is defined as a coaptatio, a well ordered relationship between body and soul and between the parts of the body and the parts of the soul. Boethius promised to expand the topic later, but he never returned to it. As a consequence Medieval and Renaissance music theorists gave it different interpretations. This paper is part of a wider project which aims at recovering the historical meaning of musica humana and its natural implications for human life, by identifying Boethius’ sources on the relationship between music and the human body. Analyzing some of the Pythagorean, Hippocratic and Neoplatonic treatises on embryology, numerology and music as well as their reception in the Latin culture, this paper will explore the definition of musica humana as a style of thought which connected music and science using the same interpretative models, metaphors and images, well-known at Boethius’ time.

Derrida on Pornography: Putting (It) Up for Sale

Derrida Today ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Morris
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
English Translation ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
French Original ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Critical Discourses ◽  
Academic Debate

Over the past thirty years, academic debate over pornography in the discourses of feminism and cultural studies has foundered on questions of the performative and of the word's definition. In the polylogue of Droit de regards, pornography is defined as la mise en vente that is taking place in the act of exegesis in progress. (Wills's idiomatic English translation includes an ‘it’ that is absent in the French original). The definition in Droit de regards alludes to the word's etymology (writing by or about prostitutes) but leaves the referent of the ‘sale’ suspended. Pornography as la mise en vente boldly restates the necessary iterability of the sign and anticipates two of Derrida's late arguments: that there is no ‘the’ body and that performatives may be powerless. Deriving a definition of pornography from a truncated etymology exemplifies the prosthesis of origin and challenges other critical discourses to explain how pornography can be understood as anything more than ‘putting (it) up for sale’.

In varietate concordia

Moreana ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (Number 165) (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Kevin Eastell
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Community Identity ◽  
Greek City ◽  
Political Unity ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Hanseatic League ◽  
Economic Collaboration ◽  
Unity In Diversity ◽  
Founding Principle ◽  
Definition Of

Beginning with the complexities involved in the definition of the modern European Community identity, the author proceeds to examine the historical dimensions of the development of Europe as a continent. The Roman and Greek antecedents are recognised and the emergence of Constantinople as a pivotal consideration is discussed. By the early 16th century, what Europe meant is explained in more comprehensive terms than those that prevail today. The unity of Christendom under the papacy is identified as germane to the political unity of Europe as a continent. The Reformation unleashed a process of disintegration and division into national and religious states that has taken centuries to begin to heal. Recognising the failure of modern European structures to secure cohesion among its member countries, the article recognises an attempt to develop unity in diversity: based on the notion of economic collaboration berween trading cities. This notion was very much a feature of the Hanseatic League of the middle-ages, and indeed a founding principle of the Greek city confederacy. History remains a potent and pertinent dimension in our understanding of Europe as a continental concept.

Ildar Garipzanov, Caroline Goodson, and Henry Maguire, ed., Graphic Signs of Identity, Faith, and Power in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Cursor Mundi, 27, Turnhout: Brepols, 2017, xviii, 392 p., 141 ill.

Mediaevistik ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-379
Author(s):  
Kriszta Kotsis
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Visual Communication ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cursor Mundi ◽  
Definition Of

Late antique and early medieval graphic signs have traditionally been studied by narrowly focused specialists leading to the fragmentation and decontextualization of this important body of material. Therefore, the volume aims “to deepen interdisciplinary research on graphic signs” (7) of the third through tenth centuries, with contributions from archaeologists, historians, art historians, a philologist, and a paleographer. Ildar Garipzanov’s introduction defines the central terms (sign, symbol, graphicacy), calls for supplanting the text-image binary with “the concept of the visual-written continuum” (15), and argues that graphicacy was central to visual communication in this period. He emphasizes the agency of graphic signs and notes that their study can amplify our understanding of the definition of personal and group identity, the articulation of power, authority, and religious affiliation, and communication with the supernatural sphere.

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