Warming Acupuncture in the Treatment of Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Zuqing ◽  
Li Yan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Vas Score ◽  
Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Background: Warming acupuncture (WA) is widely used in the management of Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR)in China and obtains desirable efficacy. Therefore, the aim of this study is to systematically assess the efficacy and safety whether using WA alone or combined with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy for the treatment of CSR. <br><br> Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Sinomed, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP and Wangfang databases were searched from their inception through 30 September 2020. All the retrieved records were screened or excluded based on the criteria that were pre-established, and the results that meet the criteria were assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool and Meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan5.3 software. <br><br> Results: Fourteen RCTs (1021patients) were included in the meta-analysis. The effective rate of WA alone or combination with TCM therapy was analyzed in comparison with the treatment of regular therapy. The results indicated that compared with regular therapy, WA alone or in combination with TCM therapy increased clinical effective rate (Odds ratio (OR)=4.43,95%CI 2.85 to 6.90, P<0.01). Additionally decreased VAS score (mean difference (MD)=-1.21,95%CI -1.68 to -0.73, P<0.01), PPI (MD=-1.34, 95% CI -2.08 to -0.61) and PRI (MD=-0.55,95% CI -0.72 to -0.37, P<0.001). However, adverse events of WA were not specially reported in all studies. <br> Conclusions: WA as the main treatment for CSR can improve the clinical effective rate and reduce the level of VAS score, PPI and PRI. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of WA for CSR treatment, rigorously and unambiguously.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of Keluoxin Capsule in the Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingxin Zhou ◽  
Wenhua Zhang ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Qiaoqiao Liu ◽  
Yizhen Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Diabetic Kidney

Abstract Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which is a serious complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, becomes a major health concern worldwide. Keluoxin capsule, a Chinese patent medicine used for DKD, has been widely used in diabetic kidney disease, but its efficacy and safety have not yet been clarified. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize the efficacy and safety of Keluoxin capsule in the treatment of DKD. Methods: A systematic literature search will be conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WANFANG database, VIP, SinoMED, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) to ensure all possible randomized controlled trials (RCT) studies on K eluoxin capsule to November 1, 2021. The primary outcome to be assessed will include the change in albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), while secondary outcomes will be serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides, etc and adverse events. The quality of the included studies and the risk of bias will be independently assessed by two reviewers using the risk of bias assessment tool from Cochrane Handbook. We will conduct random-effects model meta-analysis using Review Manager software (Revman5.3). Discussion: This systematic review and meta-analysis will objectively evaluate the effect of Keluoxin capsule for DKD, and provide evidence for Keluoxin capsule in the treatment of DKD. Ethics and dissemination : Ethics approval is not required for this study. We aim to publish the results of this systematic review in a peer-reviewed journal. INPLASY registration number: INPLASY 2021110067.

scholarly journals The efficacy and safety of compound glycyrrhizin combined with desloratadine in the treatment of chronic urticaria: protocol for a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuyue Wang ◽  
Xingxin Hu ◽  
Mao Li ◽  
Qian Luo ◽  
Pingsheng Hao
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Chronic Urticaria ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background: Chronic urticaria (CU) is a common skin disease characterized by a short-term (<24 hours) spontaneous skin rash (urticaria) with or without angioedema that lasts longer than 6 weeks. CU is not life-threatening but has been shown to have a significant impact on the physical and mental health of patients. Because of chronic itching or physical discomfort in patients with CU, symptoms such as the repeated occurrence of red, swollen, itchy, anxiety, insomnia, and psychological stress are prone to occur. Whereas, there is no related systematic review and meta-analysis. Thus, this systematic review protocol aims to describe a systematic review and meta-analysis to testify the efficacy and safety of compound glycyrrhizin (CG) combined with desloratadine in the treatment of CU.Methods: Our systematic review will search all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for CG combined with desloratadine in the treatment of CU, electronically and manually, regardless of publication status and language, until January 14, 2020. Databases include PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CENTRAL), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese Science Journal Database (VIP Database) and Wanfang database. Other sources, including reference lists of identified publications and meeting minutes, will also be searched. Manually search for grey literature, including unpublished conference articles. The main outcomes contain the total effective rate, the urticaria activity score (UAS), Itching score, the chronic urticaria quality of life questionnaire (CU-Q2oL), or other validated symptom scores and the effective rate and adverse events from baseline to the end of studies. This study will provide a comprehensive review of the available evidence for the treatment of CU with this therapy. We will assess the risk of bias with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, narratively synthesize the extracted data and conduct a meta-analysis of studies with similar characteristics. Two independent raters will screen articles and assess the risk of bias.Discussion: This study will provide a high-quality synthesis of the effects of compound glycyrrhizin (CG) combined with desloratadine in the treatment of CU. We hope that this review will give more convincing proof to assist clinicians during the decision-making process when dealing with CU.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020165478

scholarly journals Different Treatments for Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Breast Care ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojia Ma ◽  
Xiaoli Min ◽  
Chang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Complete Remission ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Abscess Drainage ◽  
Significant Efficacy ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
The Ideal

Objective: Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is infrequently diagnosed. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of managements for GLM in the nonlactation period. Methods: Publications were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library on September 10, 2018. We pooled and compared the outcome parameters and complete remission (CR) rates between different treatments using a meta-analysis. Results: Twenty-one publications including 970 patients treated with surgical excision, steroids, abscess drainage, antibiotics, and observation were included. Surgery significantly improved CR rate compared with steroids (p = 0.0003). There was no difference in the CR rate in patients treated with surgery alone or combined with steroids (p = 0.28). Surgery showed borderline significant efficacy in the CR rate compared with antibiotics (p = 0.06) and abscess drainage (p = 0.06). No difference was observed in effectiveness between observation and surgical management in patients diagnosed with early GLM and mild symptoms. Conclusions: Although surgery was the ideal management for GLM, steroids and antibiotics might be ideal managements for GLM patients who are worried about surgical scars. Observation was an impressive alternative for patients with early GLM.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of thromboprophylaxis in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 175883592090754
Author(s):  
Miao Liu ◽  
Guiyue Wang ◽  
Yuhang Li ◽  
Hongliang Wang ◽  
Haitao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Major Bleeding ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Background: Thrombosis is a common complication in patients with cancer. Whether thromboprophylaxis could benefit patients with cancer is unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the efficacy and safety of thromboprophylaxis in patients with cancer undergoing surgery or chemotherapy. Methods: We searched the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, EBSCOhost, and Web of Science for studies published before May 2018 to investigate whether thromboprophylaxis measures were more effective than a placebo in patients with cancer. Results: In total, 33 trials with 11,942 patients with cancer were identified. In patients with cancer undergoing surgery, the administration of thromboprophylaxis was associated with decreasing trends in venous thromboembolism (VTE) [relative risk (RR) 0.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.32–0.81] and DVT (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.33–0.87). In patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, the administration of thromboprophylaxis reduced the incidences of VTE, DVT, and pulmonary embolism compared with no thromboprophylaxis (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.40–0.73; RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.31–0.73; RR 0.51, 95% CI 0.32–0.81, respectively). The pooled results regarding major bleeding showed no significant difference between prophylaxis and no prophylaxis in either the surgical or the chemotherapy groups (RR 2.35, 95% CI 0.74–7.52, p = 0.1482, I2 = 0%; RR 1.30, 95% CI 0.93–1.83, p = 0.1274, I2 = 0%, respectively). Conclusion: Thromboprophylaxis did not increase major bleeding events or the incidence of thrombocytopenia. All-cause mortality was not significantly different between those who received thromboprophylaxis and those who did not. This meta-analysis provides evidence that thromboprophylaxis can reduce the number of VTE and DVT events, with no apparent increase in the incidence of major bleeding in patients with cancer.

scholarly journals The Efficacy and Safety of Levamisole in African Children With Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie Divine Akwaowo ◽  
Emmanuel Okechukwu Nna ◽  
Henrietta Uchenna Okafor ◽  
Adanze Onyenonachi Asinobi ◽  
Ann Ebele Aronu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
African Children ◽  
Steroid Sensitive

Abstract BackgroundNephrotic syndrome (NS) is one of the most common childhood renal disorders globally, with an incidence of 2 to 7 cases per 100,000 children. A characteristic feature is massive proteinuria which may rapidly progress to end stage kidney failure, if uncontrolled. Most of the cases in children are steroid sensitive but associated with frequent relapses. Levamisole, a cheap antihelminthic has been used as steroid sparing agent in steroid sensitive NS (SSNS). This study assesses the efficacy and safety of Levamisole in African children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.MethodsWe will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of all Randomised controlled trials which reported African children with Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome who were on Levamisole compared to other drugs. Ten databases including PubMed, African Journals Online, Google Scholar, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, Clinicaltrial.gov and Research Gate will be searched using a search strategy. The search will have no time restrictions, but studies must have been conducted among African children residing in Africa and are retrievable in the English Language. Studies will be selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria by two independent reviewers without blinding. The study quality will be assessed using the Pedro scale and risk of bias evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Eligible screened studies will be inlcuded for meta-analysis using the CMA Software. Statistical, clinical and methodological heterogeneity will be tested. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression will be performed on rate of relapses, adverse event and drug dose.DiscussionThe primary outcome will be the proportion of children with remissions and or relapses within 6 -12 months post initiation of levamisole or comparators with effect size being the relative risk. Safety of Levamisole will be measured using reported adverse events. Moderating effects of age, gender, duration of illness, and dosage of Levamisole on the duration of remission, frequency of relapses and adverse events will be examined.Systematic Review RegistrationThis protocol has been registered in PROSPERO, with registration number CRD42020213327.

scholarly journals The Efficacy and Safety of Carbon Ion Radiotherapy for Meningiomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie-yun Li ◽  
Jing-wen Li ◽  
Yuan-chang Jin ◽  
Mei-xuan Li ◽  
Li-ping Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Carbon Ion Radiotherapy ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Benign Meningioma ◽  
Carbon Ion ◽  
Atypical Meningiomas ◽  
The Cochrane Library

ObjectiveThe purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of carbon ion radiotherapy (CI-RT) in improving meningioma by comparing photon and protons radiotherapy.MethodsA comprehensive search for relevant studies published until March 17, 2021, was conducted in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database and EMBASE. Statistical analyses were performed with R 4.0.3.ResultsWe identified 396 studies, of which 18 studies involving 985 participants were included. Except for one low quality study, the quality of the included studies was found to be either moderate or high quality. The analyses conducted according random effects model indicated that the 1-year overall survival rate (OS) of benign and non-benign meningiomas after the CI-RT treatment was 99% (95%CL=.91-1.00, I2 = 0%). The overall average 5-year OS for meningiomas was 72% (95%CL=0.52-0.86, I2 = 35%), not as effective as proton radiotherapy (PR-RT) 85% (95%CL=.72-.93, I2 = 73, Q=4.17, df=2, p=.12). Additionally, 5-year OS of atypical meningiomas (81%) was found to be significantly higher than anaplastic meningiomas (52%). The 10-year OS after CI-RT of patients with mixed grade meningioma was 91% (95%CL=.75-.97, I2 = 73%). The 15-year OS after CI-RT 87% (95%CL=.11-1.00) or PR-RT 87% (95%CL=.23-.99, I2 = 79%) were the same (Q=0, df=1, p=.99). After undergoing CI-RT for 3 and 5 years, the LC for benign meningioma was 100% and 88%, respectively, while the 2-year LC of non-benign meningiomas (atypical/anaplastic) was 33%. Headache, sensory impairment, cognitive impairment, and hearing impairment were found to be the most common adverse reactions, with individual incidences of 19.4%, 23.7%, 9.1%, and 9.1%, respectively.ConclusionCI-RT is a rapidly developing technique that has been proven to be an effective treatment against meningioma. The efficacy and safety of CI-RT for meningiomas were similar to those of PR-RT, better than photon radiotherapy (PH-RT). However, there is a need for more prospective trials in the future that can help provide more supportive evidence.

scholarly journals Comparing Nonoperative Treatment, MPFL Repair, and MPFL Reconstruction for Patients With Patellar Dislocation: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 232596712110266
Author(s):  
Zhongcheng Liu ◽  
Qiong Yi ◽  
Liangzhi He ◽  
Changjiang Yao ◽  
Lanfang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Patellar Dislocation ◽  
Revision Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Nonoperative Treatment ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Mpfl Reconstruction ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Obvious Benefit

Background: Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction, MPFL repair, and nonoperative treatment are important treatments for patients with patellar dislocation. However, it is unclear which treatment leads to better outcomes. Purpose: To determine the efficacy and safety of the 3 treatments in the treatment of patellar dislocation and compare the effect of MPFL reconstruction with MPFL repair, MPFL reconstruction with nonoperative treatment, and MPFL repair with nonoperative treatment. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), and Wanfang databases were searched from inception to December 2020. Included were clinical studies that described the efficacy and safety of 2 of the 3 treatments, studies directly comparing the clinical effects of the 2 operative techniques, or studies comparing the effects of reconstruction or repair with nonoperative treatment. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the quality of the included studies with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tools. The outcomes evaluated were postoperative redislocation rate, revision rate, complications, and Kujala score. We used traditional direct pairwise meta-analysis as well as network meta-analysis for comprehensive efficacy of all 3 treatment measures. Results: Twelve studies were included: 5 compared MPFL reconstruction with MPFL repair, 2 compared MPFL reconstruction with nonoperative treatment, and 5 compared MPFL repair with nonoperative treatment. The risk of bias was serious in 4, moderate in 4 and low in 4 articles. MPFL reconstruction led to significantly reduced redislocation and improved Kujala scores compared with MPFL repair and nonoperative treatment. MPFL repair led to reduced redislocation rates compared with nonoperative treatment but did not show an obvious benefit in primary dislocations. There was no significant difference among the 3 treatments in terms of revision rate and incidence of complications, although we found that treatment-related complications were least likely to occur in nonoperative treatment. Conclusion: The results of this review indicate that MPFL reconstruction decreases recurrent dislocation compared with MPFL repair or nonoperative treatment, but it has a higher possibility of complications. MPFL repair resulted in less postoperative redislocation than nonoperative treatment but did not show an obvious benefit in primary dislocation.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Perioperative Hemodynamic Instability in Pheochromocytoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4531
Author(s):  
Fumihiko Urabe ◽  
Shoji Kimura ◽  
Kosuke Iwatani ◽  
Kazuhiro Takahashi ◽  
Kagenori Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hemodynamic Instability ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Objective: To evaluate the risk factors of perioperative hemodynamic instability in pheochromocytoma, we conducted a systematic search of the literature using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis. Methods: In April 2021, we systematically searched PubMed, the Cochrane library, and Scopus for relevant studies on the risk factors of perioperative hemodynamic instability of adrenalectomy in patients with pheochromocytoma, and we subjected the findings from those studies to formal meta-analysis. Results: Our systematic review identified 14 studies involving 1725 patients, of which nine studies with 967 patients were eligible for meta-analysis. The results of meta-analysis showed that tumor size (odds ratio (OR): 1.14 for each increased cm, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.26, z = 2.57) and urinary norepinephrine (OR, 1.51: 95% CI 1.26–1.81; z = 4.50) were most closely associated with the occurrence of perioperative hemodynamic instability. Conclusion: These findings suggest that tumor size and urinary norepinephrine are important predictors and risk factors for perioperative hemodynamic instability in adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma. Such findings may be of value to surgeons and anesthesiologists when considering or preparing for this procedure.

scholarly journals Drug treatments affecting ACE2 in COVID-19 infection: a systematic review protocol

BJGP Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. bjgpopen20X101115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajira Dambha-Miller ◽  
Ali Albasri ◽  
Sam Hodgson ◽  
Christopher Wilcox ◽  
Nazrul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cochrane Library

BackgroundThe SARS-CoV-2 virus causing COVID-19 binds human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors in human tissues. ACE2 expression may be associated with COVID-19 infection and mortality rates. Routinely prescribed drugs that up- or down-regulate ACE2 expression are, therefore, of critical research interest as agents that might promote or reduce risk of COVID-19 infection in a susceptible population.AimTo collate evidence on routinely prescribed drug treatments in the UK that could up- or down-regulate ACE2, and thus potentially affect COVID-19 infection.Design & settingSystematic review of studies published in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to 1 April 2020.MethodA systematic review will be conducted in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Inclusion criteria will be: (1) assesses the effect of drug exposure on ACE2 level of expression or activity; (2) the drug is included in the British National Formulary (BNF) and, therefore, available to prescribe in the UK; and (3) a control, placebo, or sham group is included as comparator. Exclusion criteria will be: (1) ACE2 measurement in utero; (2) ACE2 measurement in children aged <18 years; (3) drug not in the BNF; and (4) review article. Quality will be assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for human studies, and the SYstematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk of bias tool for animal studies.ResultsData will be reported in summary tables and narrative synthesis.ConclusionThis systematic review will identify drug therapies that may increase or decrease ACE2 expression. This might identify medications increasing risk of COVID-19 transmission, or as targets for intervention in mitigating transmission.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Nutritional Education for Obese Older Adults With Frailty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 401-401
Author(s):  
Yue-Heng Yin ◽  
Liu Yat Justina
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Nutritional Education ◽  
Hand Search ◽  
Education Interventions

Abstract Obesity has been shown to intensify the decline of physical function and lead to frailty. Nutrition is an important method in managing obesity and frailty, while seldom reviews have ever explored the effects of nutritional education interventions. We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42019142403) to explore the effectiveness of nutritional education interventions in managing body composition and physio-psychosocial parameters related to frailty. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies were searched in CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus from 2001 to 2019. Hand search for the reference lists of included papers was conducted as well. We assessed the quality of included studies by Cochrane risk of bias tool. Meta-analyses and narrative synthesis were used to analyse the data. Two studies with low risk of bias were screened from 180 articles, which involved 177 older people with an average age of 69.69±4.08 years old. The results showed that nutritional education was significantly effective in reducing body weight and fat mass than exercises, and it was beneficial to enhancing physical function and psychosocial well-being. But the effects of nutritional education in increasing muscle strength were not better than exercises. The combined effects of nutritional education and exercises were superior than either exercises or nutritional education interventions solely in preventing the loss of lean mass and bone marrow density, and in improving physical function. Due to limited numbers of relevant studies, the strong evidence of effectiveness of nutritional education interventions on reversing frailty is still lacking.

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