Microwave-Assisted Extraction and Antioxidant Activities of Polyphenols from Camellia Fascicularis Leaves

A microwave-assisted extraction method was established and optimized for extracting polyphenols from the leaves of Camellia fascicularis, which possess antioxidant properties. Microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenols from C. fascicularis leaves was optimized using response surface methodology. The influential factors, including ethanol concentration, ratio of liquid to raw material, and microwave power, were studied to optimize the extraction process, while setting the irradiation time to 20 s. The optimum process parameters, namely, ethanol concentration of 50%, the ratio of liquid to raw material of 32 mL/g, and microwave power of 160 W, contributed to the highest polyphenol yield of 106.1 mg GAE/g dw. The crude polyphenols were purified through an HP-20 macroporous adsorption resin column to obtain purified C. fascicularis polyphenols. Antioxidant assay demonstrated that purified polyphenols from C. fascicularis showed significant antioxidant activities in a concentration-dependent manner for scavenging hydroxyl, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals. Thus, microwave-assisted extraction was an effective method of extracting polyphenols from C. fascicularis leaves, which might be an excellent food material with potential antioxidant properties.

Download Full-text

Effects of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Conditions on Antioxidant Capacity of Sweet Tea (Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd.)

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9080678 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 678

Author(s):

Ao Shang ◽

Min Luo ◽

Ren-You Gan ◽

Xiao-Yu Xu ◽

Yu Xia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Sample Ratio

In this study, the effects of microwave-assisted extraction conditions on antioxidant capacity of sweet tea (Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd.) were studied and the antioxidants in the extract were identified. The influences of ethanol concentration, solvent-to-sample ratio, microwave power, extraction temperature and extraction time on Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) value, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value and total phenolic content (TPC) were investigated by single-factor experiments. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the interaction of three parameters which had significant influences on antioxidant capacity including ethanol concentration, solvent-to-sample ratio and extraction time. The optimal conditions for the extraction of antioxidants from sweet tea were found as follows—ethanol concentration of 58.43% (v/v), solvent-to-sample ratio of 35.39:1 mL/g, extraction time of 25.26 min, extraction temperature of 50 ℃ and microwave power of 600 W. The FRAP, TEAC and TPC values of the extract under the optimal conditions were 381.29 ± 4.42 μM Fe(II)/g dry weight (DW), 613.11 ± 9.32 μM Trolox/g DW and 135.94 ± 0.52 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g DW, respectively. In addition, the major antioxidant components in the extract were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), including phlorizin, phloretin and trilobatin. The crude extract could be used as food additives or developed into functional food for the prevention and management of oxidative stress-related diseases.

Download Full-text

Influences of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Parameters on Antioxidant Activity of the Extract from Akebia trifoliata Peels

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10061432 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1432

Author(s):

Min Luo ◽

Dan-Dan Zhou ◽

Ao Shang ◽

Ren-You Gan ◽

Hua-Bin Li

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Extraction Parameters

Akebia trifoliata is a fruit with rich nutritional properties, and its peel is produced as a by-product. In this research, we investigated the influences of microwave-assisted extraction parameters on antioxidant activity of the extract from Akebia trifoliata peels, and the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) as well as total phenolic contents (TPC) were used to optimize extraction parameters. The influences of ethanol concentration, microwave power and solvent-to-material ratio, as well as extraction temperature and time on TPC, FRAP and TEAC values, were assessed using single-factor tests. Three parameters with obvious effects on antioxidant capacity were selected to further investigate their interactions by response surface methodology. The optimal extraction parameters of natural antioxidants from Akebia trifoliata peels were ethanol concentration, 49.61% (v/v); solvent-to-material ratio, 32.59:1 mL/g; extraction time, 39.31 min; microwave power, 500 W; and extraction temperature, 50 °C. Under optimal conditions, the FRAP, TEAC and TPC values of Akebia trifoliata peel extracts were 351.86 ± 9.47 µM Fe(II)/g dry weight (DW), 191.12 ± 3.53 µM Trolox/g DW and 32.67 ± 0.90 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g DW, respectively. Furthermore, the main bioactive compounds (chlorogenic acid, rutin and ellagic acid) in the extract were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results are useful for the full utilization of the by-product from Akebia trifoliate fruit.

Download Full-text

Optimasi Metode Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) untuk Menentukan Kadar Flavonoid Total Alga Coklat Padina australis

ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia ◽

10.20961/alchemy.16.1.34186.38-49 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

Bina Lohita Sari ◽

Triastinurmiatiningsih Triastinurmiatiningsih ◽

Tri Saptari Haryani

Keyword(s):

Microwave Power ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Total Flavonoid ◽

Total Flavonoid Content ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Extraction Condition ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Optimum Extraction

Metode Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) digunakan untuk mengekstraksi senyawa flavonoid dari simplisia alga coklat Padina australis. Sampel diperoleh dari Pantai Bayah, Banten Indonesia. Kondisi optimal ekstraksi ditentukan dengan Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Desain Box-Behnken (BBD) digunakan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh 3 faktor dengan 3 level yaitu daya microwave (300, 450, 600 watt), konsentrasi etanol (30, 50, 70%), dan waktu ekstraksi (7, 8 dan 9 menit) dengan 15 perlakuan yang berbeda. Hasil disain eksperimen dengan BBD menunjukkan kondisi ekstraksi optimum yaitu pada daya microwave 414 watt, konsentrasi etanol 50,33% dan waktu ekstraksi 7,89 menit menghasilkan kadar prediksi flavonoid sebesar nilai 0,2963%. Nilai ini mendekati nilai kadar flavonoid yang diperoleh secara eksperimental sebesar 0,2961%, pada kondisi menggunakan daya microwave sebesar 450 watt, konsentrasi etanol 50% dengan lama ekstraksi 8 menit. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kadar flavonoid total dapat meningkat secara signifikan dengan melakukan optimasi proses MAE menggunakan RSM.Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction for Total Flavonoid Content of Padina australis Brown Algae. Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) was done to extraction flavonoid from Padina australis brown algae simplicial. The sample collected from Bayah coastal waters, Banten Indonesia. Optimum extraction condition was determined by the response surface methodology (RSM). The Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to evaluate the influence of 3 factors with 3 levels extraction that is microwave power (300, 450, 600 watts), ethanol concentration (30, 50, 70%), and extraction time (7, 8 and 9 minutes) with 15 different runs. The research showed that optimum extraction condition was at 414 watts of microwave power, 50.33% ethanol concentration, and time extraction of 7.89 minutes yielded a predicted value of total flavonoid content of 0.2963%. This value approaches to the flavonoid content obtained experimentally at 0.2961% under condition of 450 watts microwave power, 50% ethanol concentration, and time extraction of 8 minutes. Based on the result, total flavonoid content can be significantly increased by optimizing the MAE process use RSM.

Download Full-text

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Andrographolide, 14-Deoxy-11,12- didehydroandrographolide and Neoandrographolide from Andrographis paniculata: An Optimisation Study

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401316666200228120300 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. 1318-1325 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vi V. Chia ◽

Sook F. Pang ◽

Sureena Abdullah ◽

Mashitah M. Yusoff ◽

Jolius Gimbun

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Mesh Size ◽

Andrographis Paniculata ◽

Solvent Ratio ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Central Composite

Background: Andrographis paniculata is often used as functional foods owing to its broad range of pharmaceutical activities due to the presence of main terpene compounds such as andrographolide, 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide and neoandrographolide. The aforementioned compounds must be extracted from the plant material before it can be routinely used as a functional food ingredient. Objective: This work presents an optimisation study of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of terpene from Andrographis paniculata. In this study, two factors at three-level central composite face centred design was employed to optimise the process variables, including the effect of microwave power (75-175 W) and ethanol concentration (20-85%) on extraction of terpene from Andrographis paniculata. Methods: The experimental design was set based on initial screening on the effect of mesh size and solid solvent ratio. The present work was performed at fixed mesh size and solid solvent ratio, which corresponds to the highest yield established experimentally. Two most significant factors, i.e. microwave power and ethanol concentration was chosen and further studied for optimisation using a response surface methodology. The three-level, two-factor central composite design (CCD) has been employed to determine the effect of microwave power (15, 25 and 35 W/mL) and ethanol concentration (20, 52.5 and 85%) on the yield of terpene extraction. Identification and quantification of the terpene were performed via Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography- Photodiode Array (UPLCPDA). Results: The regression analysis showed good fit of the experimental data to the quadratic equation with coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.997. The optimum condition was found at microwave power of 140 W with 85% ethanol concentration, produced the highest yield of andrographolide (10.926 ± 0.053 mg/g DW), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (4.336 ± 0.215 mg/g DW) and neoandrographolide (5.698 ± 0.252 mg/g DW). The model developed through response surface modelling has a desirability of 97.5% and the error between the experiment and the model predictions ranged from 2.4 to 5.2%. Conclusion: A successful optimisation of terpene extraction from A. paniculata via MAE was achieved at microwave power of 140 W and 85% ethanol. The model developed from the regression analysis is sufficiently accurate and can be used to predict the yield of terpene extraction from A. paniculata.

Download Full-text

Response Surface Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Conditions of Anthocyanins from Black Soybean Hull

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.395-396.672 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 395-396 ◽

pp. 672-677

Author(s):

Yi Hua Jiang ◽

Xin Long Jiang

Keyword(s):

Microwave Power ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Black Soybean ◽

Soybean Hull ◽

Power Extraction ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Response Surface Optimization ◽

Assisted Extraction

Surface response optimization of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) conditions of anthocyanins from black soybean hull with the factors of ethanol concentration, microwave power, extraction time, solid/liquid ratio (g:mL) on the yield of anthocyanin were studied. The results showed that ethanol concentration and ratio of liquid to solid had most important influence; the interaction of ethanol concentration and ratio of liquid to solid,interaction of microwave power and extraction time had significant influence on extraction anthocyanins from black soybean hull. The optimum extracting conditions of anthocyanin from black soybean hull were as follows: adding 1:40.00 (m:v) of 60.35% alcohol (pH2.0) and extracting for 74.26 s under the power of 237.86 W.

Download Full-text

Simultaneous Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Seeds Using Response Surface Methodology

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2020/7541927 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Alexander Weremfo ◽

Felix Adulley ◽

Martin Adarkwah-Yiadom

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Response Surface ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction

This study was designed to optimize three microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) parameters (ethanol concentration, microwave power, and extraction time) of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of avocado seeds using response surface methodology (RSM). The predicted quadratic models were highly significant (p<0.001) for the responses studied. The extraction of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity was significantly (p<0.05) influenced by both microwave power and extraction time. The optimal conditions for simultaneous extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were ethanol concentration of 58.3% (v/v), microwave power of 400 W, and extraction time of 4.8 min. Under these conditions, the experimental results agreed with the predicted values. MAE revealed clear advantages over the conventional solvent extraction (CSE) in terms of high extraction efficiency and antioxidant activity within the shortest extraction time. Furthermore, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of optimized extract revealed the presence of 10 phenolic compounds, with rutin, catechin, and syringic acid being the dominant compounds. Consequently, this optimized MAE method has demonstrated a potential application for efficient extraction of polyphenolic antioxidants from avocado seeds in the nutraceutical industries.

Download Full-text

Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from Panax japlcus Var

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.919 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 774-776 ◽

pp. 919-922

Author(s):

Xiao Song ◽

Peng Zhao

Keyword(s):

Microwave Power ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Raw Material ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Box Behnken Design ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Optimum Extraction

Polysaccharide fromPanax japlcus var(PJVPs) was extracted with microwave-assisted (MAE). The effects of operating conditions, such as extraction time, ratio of water to raw material , and microwave power, on the extraction yield of PJVPs were studied through a Box-Behnken design (BBD). The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time 9.14 min, power 728.5 W and ratio of water to raw material 27.57ml/g. The yield of polysaccharide was 14.02 % based on the above mentioned conditions.

Download Full-text

Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Total Phenolic and Total Flavonoid Contents from Fruits of Docynia indica (Wall.) Decne. Using Response Surface Methodology

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr7080485 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 485 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Xuan Le ◽

Manh Nguyen ◽

Dinh Vu ◽

Minh Pham ◽

Quoc Pham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Total Flavonoid ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Docynia indica (D. indica) shows various useful biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial effects, and positive benefits for human health. Such biological activities relate to the main phytochemicals of D. indica including phenolic and flavonoid. However, isolation for phenolic and flavonoid by popular methods such as hot extraction, soxhlet extraction, and ultrasonic extraction have been relatively ineffective. Therefore, in this study, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was used for the extraction of total phenolic and total flavonoid from D. indica. The optimization experiments were conducted based on response surface methodology (RMS) according to a central composite design with four independent variables: extraction time (min), ethanol concentration (%, v/v), microwave power (W), and pH of the solvent. Three dependent variables were total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and yield. The optimal conditions for the extraction of phenolic and flavonoid from D. indica were: extraction time of 50 min, ethanol concentration of 65%, microwave power of 440 W, and solvent pH of 5.4. These conditions corresponded to TPC, TFC, and yield values of 33.57 ± 0.12 (mg GAE/g), 25.01 ± 0.11 (mg QE/g) and 33.44 ± 0.14 (%), respectively.

Download Full-text

Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from Acanthopanax Obouatus Hoo

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.549.504 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 549 ◽

pp. 504-507

Author(s):

Xiao Rong Li ◽

Peng Zhao

Keyword(s):

Microwave Power ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Raw Material ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Box Behnken Design ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Optimum Extraction

Polysaccharide from Acanthopanax obouatus Hoo(AHPs) was extracted with microwave-assisted(MAE). The effects of operating conditions, such as extraction time, ratio of water to raw material , and microwave power, on the extraction yield of AHPs were studied through a Box-Behnken design (BBD). The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time 13.5min, power 796 W and ratio of water to raw material 16.5ml/g. The yield of polysaccharide was 5.18% based on the above mentioned conditions.

Download Full-text

Optimization Of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Of Flavonoids From Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) Leaves Using Respon Surface Methodology

Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia ◽

10.33096/jffi.v7i3.596 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 10-19

Author(s):

Zaldy Rusli ◽

Bina Lohita Sari ◽

Novi Fajar Utami ◽

S Sabila

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction

Binahong (Anredera scandens (L.) Moq.) leaves are one of the plants that empirically can be used for wound healing and contain flavonoids which have antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Determination of the optimum conditions of the Binahong leaf extraction process needs to be done to ensure the extraction quality of the Binahong leaves associated with the given activity. Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) is an extraction that utilizes microwave radiation to heat the solvent quickly and efficiently. This study aims to determine the most effective binahong leaf extraction conditions that produce optimal levels of flavonoids and antioxidant activity. The extraction process was carried out using the Microwave assisted extraction (MAE) method. Determination of optimum conditions is done based on Response Surface Method (RSM) with variable ethanol concentration (70%, 80% and 90%), extraction time (4, 12 and 20 minutes) and power (450, 600, and 800 watts) using Box- Behnken Design (BBD) with Design Expert 7.0 software. The extract quality parameters measured were total flavonoid levels and antioxidant activity. The results showed the optimum conditions with the BBD method were obtained at an ethanol concentration of 81.49%, extraction time of 13.84 minutes, and power of 626.19 watts with flavonoid levels of 3.8561% and antioxidant activity (IC50) of 95.51834 ppm with active categories.

Download Full-text