Compressor Issues for Hydrogen Production and Transmission Through a Long Distance Pipeline Network

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Starr ◽  
Calin-Cristian Cormos ◽  
Evangelos Tzimas ◽  
Stathis Peteves
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Plant Exit

A hydrogen energy system will require the production of hydrogen from coal-based gasification plants and its transmission through long distance pipelines at 70 � 100 bar. To overcome some problems of current gasifiers, which are limited in pressure capability, two options are explored, in-plant compression of the syngas and compression of the hydrogen at the plant exit. It is shown that whereas in-plant compression using centrifugal machines is practical, this is not a solution when compressing hydrogen at the plant exit. This is because of the low molecular weight of the hydrogen. It is also shown that if centrifugal compressors are to be used in a pipeline system, pressure drops will need to be restricted as even an advanced two-stage centrifugal compressor will be limited to a pressure ratio of 1.2. High strength steels are suitable for the in-plant compressor, but aluminium alloy will be required for a hydrogen pipeline compressor.

Development of High Strength Material and Pipe Production Technology for Grade X120 Line Pipe

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Georg Hillenbrand ◽  
Andreas Liessem ◽  
Karin Biermann ◽  
Carl Justus Heckmann ◽  
Volker Schwinn
Keyword(s):  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Accelerated Cooling ◽  
Pipe Production ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Economic Point

The increasing demand for natural gas will further influence the type of its transportation in the future, both from the strategic and economic point of view. Long-distance pipelines are a safe and economic means to transport the gas from production sites to end users. High-strength steels in grade X80 are nowadays state of the art. Grade X100 was recently developed but not yet utilised. The present-day technical limitations on the production of X120 line pipe namely the steel composition, the pipe forming and the welding are addressed in this paper. Production test results on X120 pipes are presented to describe the materials properties. A low carbon and low PCM steel with VNbTiB microalloying concept is used. In the plate rolling the main attention is turned to the heavy accelerated cooling. The large spring back that occurs during the U-forming step of the UOE process is one of the most complex aspects in forming X120. To handle this aspect FEM calculations were used to modify the forming parameters and to optimise the shape of the U-press tool. For optimising the existing welding procedure with respect to an avoidance of HAZ softening, a low heat input welding technology and new welding consumables were developed.

Fiber Augmented Steel Technology Pipe (FAST-Pipe™): An Alternative to High Strength Steel

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamdouh M. Salama
Keyword(s):  
High Strength Steel ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Steel Technology ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Bending Load

A key imperative to the transportation of natural gas for long distance is the continued technological advances to reduce the development and life cycle cost of high pressure gas pipeline while maintaining the required high level of safety, reliability and environmental stewardship. Therefore, advances in high strength steels such as X100 and X120 have been pursued by several companies. This paper presents an alternative solution namely FAST-Pipe™ (Fiber Augmented Steel Technology - Pipe). The FAST-Pipe™ Concept involves wrapping a conventional strength steel pipe (X70) whose thickness is selected to satisfy axial and bending load requirement with dry fiberglass to achieve the pressure load requirement. The FAST-Pipe™ offers several technical and economical advantages over High strength steel concepts. The paper presents the results of the proof of concept validation program that included cost analysis and performance testing. The paper also summarizes the results of the rigorous qualification program that was implemented subsequent to the successful results of the proof of concept phase.

scholarly journals Prospects of hydrogen technologies in power and chemical industries

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-83
Author(s):  
R. S. Yarullin ◽  
I. Z. Salikhov ◽  
D. S. Cherezov ◽  
A. R. Nurislamova
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Hydrogen Technologies

THE PURPOSE. Consider the use of hydrogen technologies in energy. The total production of hydrogen in Russia is about 5 million tons with a global consumption of 72 million tons. However, in the case of toughening of carbon regulation by importers of Russian products, the production of hydrogen in the Russian Federation may double. The roadmap «Development of hydrogen energy in Russia» stipulates that Gazprom and Rosatom will become the first hydrogen producers in the country - in 2024 they should launch pilot hydrogen plants, including at nuclear power plants. METHODS. To realize the potential in the country and achieve the goals laid down in the Energy Strategy, the departments have prepared a special action plan (roadmap) for the development of hydrogen energy in Russia until 2024, which was approved by Russian government on October 12, 2020. The main goal of this plan is called the organization of priority work on the formation in Russia of a high-performance export-oriented hydrogen energy, developing on the basis of modern technologies and provided with highly qualified personnel. RESULTS. Transportation and safe storage remains one of the key issues in hydrogen energy. The complexity of this problem is determined by the fact that in the free state hydrogen is one of thelow-boiling gases, in liquid and solid state more than an order of magnitude lighter than water and an order of magnitude lighter than gasoline. The molecules of the substance are so small that they can seep through the atomic structure of a metal container at temperatures above minus 253 ° C. Maintaining such a temperature in a large volume for a long time is energy-intensive. Another problem is hydrogen embrittlement and destruction of metals by atomic hydrogen. Even high-strength steels, as well as titanium and nickel alloys, are susceptible to it. CONCLUSION. The demand for hydrogen is growing due to the shift to the consumption of cleaner and lighter fuel oils, while the petroleum feedstock is getting heavier. But at the same time, the potential of natural gas has not yet been exhausted, which already now contributes to the low-carbon development of the economy. Skepticism about hydrogen technologies will disappear only when one of them gains relatively widespread use. At the same time, there is no doubt that hydrogen is very relevant for the creation of chemical current generators. This is of great importance for transport, and for distributed energy, and for a number of other areas.

Construction and Installation of X100 Pipelines

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Glover ◽  
David Horsley ◽  
David Dorling ◽  
Junichiro Takehara
Keyword(s):  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Gas Fields

The developments of gas fields are increasingly occurring in more remote locations and further from the prime gas demands. Pipeline activity continues to focus on arctic regions of both Canada and the United States. Cost effective solutions to these challenges can be found through innovative technology and the use of higher pressure and higher strength pipelines. TransCanada and its partners have been involved in a series of technology programs on high strength steels, particularly X100, that are focussed on its application for high pressure long distance pipelines. In order to evaluate this technology two field installations of X100 have been performed on the TransCanada system within Alberta. These installations have evaluated the summer and winter construction aspects of X100 pipelines. This paper will describe the work performed to enable the two projects to occur, and the results of the installation. The summer project occurred on the Westpath loop, and consisted of 1 km of NPS 48 by 14.3 mm X100 and was installed in September 2002. The winter project was on the Godin Lake Loop and consisted of 2 km of NPS 36 by 13.2 mm X100 and will be installed in February 2004. The paper will describe the approach taken to the pipe development and the properties required, the requirements for a strain-based design, the fracture control plan, and the welding requirements. Discussion will cover the installations and construction and the conclusions in terms of future projects. The role of code and regulatory bodies in the successful implementation will be covered.

Features of welding technology for pipes from high-strength steels

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Nikolay G. Goncharov ◽  
◽  
Oleg I. Kolesnikov ◽  
Alexey A. Yushin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Welding Technology

Analysis of the Crack Initiation at Non-Metallic Inclusions in High-Strength Steels

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 468-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Grad ◽  
B. Reuscher ◽  
A. Brodyanski ◽  
M. Kopnarski ◽  
E. Kerscher
Keyword(s):  
Crack Initiation ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Metallic Inclusions

DOGAL 600 and 800 DP

Alloy Digest ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength

Abstract Dogal 600 and 800 DP are high-strength steels with a microstructure that contains ferrite, which is soft and formable, and martensite, which is hard and contributes to the strength of the steel. The designation relates to the lowest tensile strength. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CS-160. Producer or source: SSAB Swedish Steel Inc. and SSAB Swedish Steel.

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