The Effect of Enamel Matrix Derivate Proteins EMD on Ortodontically Induced Bone Resorption Based on Mini-implants

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1457-1459
Author(s):  
Alexandru Vlasa ◽  
Carmen Biris ◽  
Mariana Pacurar ◽  
Anamaria Bud ◽  
Eugen Bud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Enamel Matrix ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Mini Implants ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Enamel Proteins ◽  
High Degree

Amelogenine protein is the major component of the continuously secreted enamel extracellular matrix that controls the mineralization of enamel crystals. EmdogainTM is an extract of porcine fetal tooth material, a product based on the high degree of homology between porcine and human enamel proteins, composed primarily of amelogenine protein. It was created to promote the regeneration of periodontal tissues such as cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone by stimulating normal development of these tissues, it is used to treat deep intraosseus defects.

scholarly journals Biological Events in Periodontal Ligament and Alveolar Bone Associated with Application of Orthodontic Forces

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Feller ◽  
R. A. G. Khammissa ◽  
I. Schechter ◽  
G. Thomadakis ◽  
J. Fourie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Bone Remodelling ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Tissue Changes ◽  
Induced Stresses ◽  
Orthodontic Forces

Orthodontic force-induced stresses cause dynamic alterations within the extracellular matrix and within the cytoskeleton of cells in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, mediating bone remodelling, ultimately enabling orthodontic tooth movement. In the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, the mechanically induced tensile strains upregulate the expression of osteogenic genes resulting in bone formation, while mechanically induced compressive strains mediate predominantly catabolic tissue changes and bone resorption. In this review article we summarize some of the currently known biological events occurring in the periodontal ligament and in the alveolar bone in response to application of orthodontic forces and how these facilitate tooth movement.

scholarly journals Mechanosensitive Piezo1 in Periodontal Ligament Cells Promotes Alveolar Bone Remodeling During Orthodontic Tooth Movement

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukun Jiang ◽  
Yuzhe Guan ◽  
Yuanchen Lan ◽  
Shuo Chen ◽  
Tiancheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Chemical Signals ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Alveolar Bone Remodeling ◽  
Pdl Cells

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a process depending on the remodeling of periodontal tissues surrounding the roots. Orthodontic forces trigger the conversion of mechanical stimuli into intercellular chemical signals within periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, activating alveolar bone remodeling, and thereby, initiating OTM. Recently, the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 has been found to play pivotal roles in the different types of human cells by transforming external physical stimuli into intercellular chemical signals. However, the function of Piezo1 during the mechanotransduction process of PDL cells has rarely been reported. Herein, we established a rat OTM model to study the potential role of Piezo1 during the mechanotransduction process of PDL cells and investigate its effects on the tension side of alveolar bone remodeling. A total of 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into three groups: the OTM + inhibitor (INH) group, the OTM group, and the control (CON) group. Nickel-titanium orthodontic springs were applied to trigger tooth movement. Mice were sacrificed on days 0, 3, 7, and 14 after orthodontic movement for the radiographic, histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular biological analyses. Our results revealed that the Piezo1 channel was activated by orthodontic force and mainly expressed in the PDL cells during the whole tooth movement period. The activation of the Piezo1 channel was essential for maintaining the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and facilitation of new alveolar bone formation on the tension side. Reduced osteogenesis-associated transcription factors such as Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), Osterix (OSX), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio were examined when the function of Piezo1 was inhibited. In summary, Piezo1 plays a critical role in mediating both the osteogenesis and osteoclastic activities on the tension side during OTM.

Immunochemical and Biochemical Studies of Human Enamel Proteins during Neonatal Development

1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zeichner-David ◽  
M. Macdougall ◽  
J. Vides ◽  
M.L. Snead ◽  
H.C. Slavkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Extracellular Matrices ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Enamel Proteins ◽  
Human And Mouse

The present communication provides descriptions of the developmental, biochemical, and immunological properties of the human enamel extracellular matrix proteins. We report the isolation and partial characterization of the major human enamel proteins, the production of polyclonal antibodies directed against the human enamelins, and a comparison between the immunogenicity of enamelins and amelogenins from human and mouse enamel extracellular matrices. Our results indicate that although enamelins and amelogenins share some epitopes, each one of these proteins appears to invoke a different degree of immunogenicity.

scholarly journals Identification of four extracellular-matrix enamel proteins during embryonic-rabbit tooth-organ development

1977 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
H L Guenther ◽  
R D Croissant ◽  
S E Schonfeld ◽  
H C Slavkin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Zealand White Rabbit ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Enamel Matrix ◽  
Matrix Mineralization ◽  
Enamel Proteins

1. Investigations were designed to identify the proteins which characterize the ameloblast phenotype, and to determine to what extent these extracellular-matrix proteins were degraded as a function of enamel matrix mineralization and maturation. 2. The identification of enamel proteins was based on comparisons between the electrophoretic patterns of enamel-containing and non-enamel-containing matrix extracts isolated from specific regions within 26-day embryonic New Zealand White rabbit incisor and molar tooth organs. 3. Since enamel proteins become mineralized on secretion, matrix specimens were demineralized in cold 5% (w/v) trichloroacetic acid, extracted with buffered 6M-urea and reduced with mercaptoethanol, and then the solubilized proteins were fractionated by urea/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. 4. Three enamel-specific electrophoretic components were identified in newly secreted enamel-matrix specimens and this number increased as a function of mineralization and maturation. 5. Antibodies were prepared against embryonic rabbit extracellular matrix containing enamel. Comparison etween immunoelectrophoretic patterns demonstrated that two of the three enamel components were antigenic. 6. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate was used to identify four enamel proteins of mol.wts. (1) 65 000 (2) 58000 (3) 22 000 and (4) 20 000, localized within enamel matrix. Enamel proteins (1) and (3) were phosphorylated, whereas (2) and (4) did not contain detectable phosphate. Labelled proline, leucine, tryptophan and glucosamine were incorporated into each of the four enamel proteins extracted from tooth explants incubated in the presence of radioactive precursors for 6 h. Whereas four proteins were identified in newly secreted enamel matrix, the concentrations of high-molecular-weight proteins (1) and (2) were found to decrease and the number (greater than 10) and concentration of low-molecular-weight polypeptides increased as a function of advanced enamel-matrix mineralization and maturation.

scholarly journals The Role of Noncoding RNAs in Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 247275122199922
Author(s):  
Paras Ahmad ◽  
Martin J. Stoddart ◽  
Elena Della Bella
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

Chronic inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis, are the most common causes of bone tissue destruction. Periodontitis often leads to loss of connective tissue homeostasis and reduced alveolar bone levels. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), a population of multipotent stem cells derived from periodontal ligament tissues, are considered as candidate cells for the regeneration of alveolar bone and periodontal tissues. Periodontitis impairs the osteogenic differentiation of human PDLSCs. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA), have been proposed as vital regulators influencing several differentiation processes including bone regeneration. Still, the molecular mechanisms of ncRNAs regulating osteogenic differentiation of human PDLSCs remain poorly understood. Exploring the influence of ncRNAs in the process of osteogenic differentiation of human PDLSCs may provide novel therapeutic strategies for tissue regeneration as the regeneration of the lost periodontium is the ultimate goal of periodontal therapy.

Regeneration of Periodontal Tissues

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shimono ◽  
T. Inoue ◽  
T. Yamamura
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Granulation Tissue ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Gingival Tissue ◽  
Junctional Epithelium ◽  
Cavity Preparation ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Tissue Interface ◽  
Cut Surface

To elucidate the regenerative capability of the periodontal tissues, we carried out two experiments: (1) Regeneration of the gingival tissue following gingivectomy in rats. Ultrastructurally, regenerating junctional epithelium was similar in morphology to that of untreated animals and appeared to attach to the enamel after five days. Basal lamina and hemidesmosomes were produced faster at the enamel interface than at the connective tissue interface. Gingival tissue was completely regenerated seven days after the gingivectomy. (2) Regeneration of the cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone following intradentinal cavity preparation in dogs. In the early stages, the cavity was filled with an exudate and granulation tissue. Seven days after the operation, osteoblasts and cementoblasts were arranged regularly on the cut surface of the alveolar bone and dentin, respectively. Newly formed bone and cementum, and periodontal ligament grew to resemble pre-existing bone and cementum after 28-42 days. From these results, it is suggested that the periodontal tissues have an extremely high capability of regeneration.

Tissue engineering in periodontology: Biological mediators for periodontal regeneration

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 241-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Carmagnola ◽  
Gaia Pellegrini ◽  
Claudia Dellavia ◽  
Lia Rimondini ◽  
Elena Varoni
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Functional System ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Teeth and the periodontal tissues represent a highly specialized functional system. When periodontal disease occurs, the periodontal complex, composed by alveolar bone, root cementum, periodontal ligament, and gingiva, can be lost. Periodontal regenerative medicine aims at recovering damaged periodontal tissues and their functions by different means, including the interaction of bioactive molecules, cells, and scaffolds. The application of growth factors, in particular, into periodontal defects has shown encouraging effects, driving the wound healing toward the full, multi-tissue periodontal regeneration, in a precise temporal and spatial order. The aim of the present comprehensive review is to update the state of the art concerning tissue engineering in periodontology, focusing on biological mediators and gene therapy.

Expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 mRNAs in Rat Periodontium during Tooth Eruption

2002 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tsubota ◽  
Y. Sasano ◽  
I. Takahashi ◽  
M. Kagayama ◽  
H. Shimauchi
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Tooth Eruption ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Cells ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Collagen Types ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

The present study was designed to investigate mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and MMP-13 in forming periodontium during tooth eruption in the rat. RT-PCR for the decalcified paraffin sections indicated expression of MMP-8 and MMP-13 in the periodontal tissues. In situ hydridization demonstrated expression of MMP-8 in osteoblasts, osteocytes, periodontal ligament cells, cementoblasts, and cementocytes along with collagen types I and III. In contrast, transcripts of MMP-13 were confined to a small population of osteoblasts and osteocytes in alveolar bone. The results suggested that MMP-8 may be involved in remodeling the periodontium during tooth eruption, and its expression may be coordinated with that of collagen types I and III, whereas the participation of MMP-13 may be rather limited.

scholarly journals Tissue Engineering, Morphogenesis, and Regeneration of the Periodontal Tissues By Bone Morphogenetic Proteins

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugo Ripamonti ◽  
A. Hari Reddi
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Collagenous Matrix ◽  
Furcation Defects ◽  
Osteogenic Protein

Tissue engineering is the emerging field of science developing techniques for fabrication of new tissues for replacement based on principles of cell and developmental biology and biomaterials. Morphogenesis is the cascade of pattern formation and the attainment of form of the various organs and the organism as a whole. The periodontium consists of the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. Bone has considerable potential for regeneration and therefore is a prototypic model for tissue engineering. The three main ingredients for tissue engineering are regulatory signals, responding stem cells, and extracellular matrix. Recent advances in molecular biology of the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have set the stage for tissue engineering of bone and related tissues, including the periodontium. Bone-derived BMPs, with a collagenous matrix as carrier, induced cementum and alveolar bone regeneration in surgically created furcation defects in the primate. It is noteworthy that there was morphogenesis of periodontal ligament and a faithful insertion of Sharpey's fibers into cementum. In the same furcation model, recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 (rhOP-1, also known as BMP-7), in conjunction with the collagenous carrier, induced extensive cementogenesis with insertion of Sharpey's fibers into the newly formed cementum. The observation that BMPs induce cementogenesis and periodontal ligament formation indicates that these proteins may have multiple functions in vivo not limited to cartilage and bone induction. The rapid advances in the molecular biology of BMPs and their receptors bode well for novel strategies to engineer the regeneration of the periodontal tissues.

scholarly journals D-Mannose Enhanced Immunomodulation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells via Inhibiting IL-6 Secretion

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijia Guo ◽  
Yanan Hou ◽  
Liang Song ◽  
Siying Zhu ◽  
Feiran Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Periodontal Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell

Periodontal ligament stem cell- (PDLSC-) mediated periodontal tissue regeneration has recently been proposed for the new therapeutic method to regenerate lost alveolar bone and periodontal ligament. It was reported that both autogenic and allogeneic PDLSCs could reconstruct damaged periodontal tissues but the regeneration effects were not consistent. The effective methods to improve the properties of PDLSCs should be further considered. In this study, we investigated if D-mannose could affect the immunomodulatory properties of hPDLSCs. After being pretreated with D-mannose, hPDLSCs could inhibit T cell proliferation and affect T cell differentiation into Treg cells. We found that less IL-6 could be detected in D-mannose-pretreated hPDLSCs. In the D-mannose pretreatment group, induced Treg cell number would decrease if increased IL-6 levels could be detected. Our data uncovered a previously unrecognized function of D-mannose to regulate the immunomodulatory function of PDLSCs and that IL-6 might play a key role in this process. The results provided a property method to improve PDLSC-based periodontal regeneration.

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