scholarly journals Radioprotective natural products as alternative complements in oncological radiotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-122
Author(s):  
Subhajit Dutta ◽  
◽  
Raju R Wadekar ◽  
Tilottama Roy ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Integrative Oncology ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Conventional Medical Treatment ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
Ionising Radiations ◽  
Cancerous Cells

Humans when exposed to harmful ionising radiations suffer from various pathophysiological disorders including cancer. Radiotherapy is a treatment where these cancerous cells within a tumor are targeted and killed by means of high energy waves. This therapy is very expensive and involves highly sophisticated instruments. In addition to this, most synthetic radioprotectors including Amifostine have been found to possess toxicity. This led researchers to develop a novel, economically viable, and efficient therapeutic alternative to radiation therapy. The last two decades have observed a major shift towards investigating natural products as radioprotectors, as these are immensely effective in terms of their potential bioequivalence relative to many of the established synthetic compounds available. Taking into account the limitations of radiation therapy, an approach ‘Integrative Oncology’ that involves a combination of both traditional and conventional medical treatment are used nowadays to treat patients suffering from cancer and associated mental and psychological disorders.

scholarly journals Proton Therapy: A New Tool for Treating Cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Pang
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Proton Therapy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cancerous Cell ◽  
Cancerous Cells

One of the most effective ways of combating cancer is radiation therapy. Traditionally, radiation therapy uses photons in the form of high-energy x-ray radiation, which ionizes (i.e. removes or adds an electron) atoms in the DNA chains of cancerous cells. This changes the chemical properties of the atom, damaging the DNA and preventing the cancerous cell from multiplying. Une des façons les plus efficaces de combattre le cancer est la radiothérapie. Traditionnellement, la radiothérapie utilise des photons en forme de rayonnement ionisant à haute énergie, ce qui ionise (c.-à-d., retire ou ajoute un électron) les atomes dans la chaîne ADN des cellules cancéreuses. Ceci change les propriétés chimiques de l’atome, endommageant l’ADN et empêchant la multiplication des cellules cancéreuses. 

Potential for Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases with Natural Products or Synthetic Compounds that Stabilize Microtubules

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (35) ◽  
pp. 4362-4372
Author(s):  
John H. Miller ◽  
Viswanath Das
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Stabilizing Agents ◽  
Animal Models Of Disease ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Models Of Disease

No effective therapeutics to treat neurodegenerative diseases exist, despite significant attempts to find drugs that can reduce or rescue the debilitating symptoms of tauopathies such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or Pick’s disease. A number of in vitro and in vivo models exist for studying neurodegenerative diseases, including cell models employing induced-pluripotent stem cells, cerebral organoids, and animal models of disease. Recent research has focused on microtubulestabilizing agents, either natural products or synthetic compounds that can prevent the axonal destruction caused by tau protein pathologies. Although promising results have come from animal model studies using brainpenetrant natural product microtubule-stabilizing agents, such as paclitaxel analogs that can access the brain, epothilones B and D, and other synthetic compounds such as davunetide or the triazolopyrimidines, early clinical trials in humans have been disappointing. This review aims to summarize the research that has been carried out in this area and discuss the potential for the future development of an effective microtubule stabilizing drug to treat neurodegenerative disease.

A review on radiation induced nausea and vomiting: “Current management strategies and prominence of radio sensitizers”

2021 ◽  
pp. 107815522110115
Author(s):  
Meenu Vijayan ◽  
Sherin Joseph ◽  
Emmanuel James ◽  
Debnarayan Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Concurrent Chemotherapy ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Dose Fractionation ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Radiation Induced

Radiations dissipated are high energy waves used mostly as treatment intervention in controlling the unwanted multiplication of cell. About 60%–65% of cancer treatment requires radiation therapy and 40%–80% of radiation therapy causes RINV which are true troublemakers. Radiation therapy (RT) is targeted therapy mostly used to treat early stages of tumour and prevent their reoccurrence. They mainly destroy the genetic material (DNA) of cancerous cells to avoid their unwanted growth and division. The RINV affects the management and quality of life of patients which further reduces the patient outcome. RINV depends on RT related factors (dose, fractionation, irradiation volume, RT techniques) and patient related factors like (gender, health conditions, age, concurrent chemotherapy, psychological state, and tumour stage). RT is an active area of research and there is only limited progress in tackling the RINV crisis. Advanced technological methods are adopted that led to better understanding of total lethal doses. Radiation therapy also affects the immunity system that leads to radiation induced immune responses and inflammation. Radio sensitizers are used to sensitize the tumour cells to radiations that further prevent the normal cell damage from radiation exposure. There is a need for future studies and researches to re-evaluate the data available from previous trials in RINV to make better effective antiemetic regimen. The article focuses on radiation therapy induced nausea and vomiting along with their mechanism of action and treatment strategies in order to have a remarkable patient care.

A chemoinformatic analysis of atoms, scaffolds and functional groups in natural products

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joelle Ngo Hanna ◽  
Boris D. Bekono ◽  
Luc C. O. Owono ◽  
Flavien A. A. Toze ◽  
James A. Mbah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Atomic Composition ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Libraries ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Drugs Analysis ◽  
Chemical Class

Abstract In the quest to know why natural products (NPs) have often been considered as privileged scaffolds for drug discovery purposes, many investigations into the differences between NPs and synthetic compounds have been carried out. Several attempts to answer this question have led to the investigation of the atomic composition, scaffolds and functional groups (FGs) of NPs, in comparison with synthetic drugs analysis. This chapter briefly describes an atomic enumeration method for chemical libraries that has been applied for the analysis of NP libraries, followed by a description of the main differences between NPs of marine and terrestrial origin in terms of their general physicochemical properties, most common scaffolds and “drug-likeness” properties. The last parts of the work describe an analysis of scaffolds and FGs common in NP libraries, focusing on huge NP databases, e.g. those in the Dictionary of Natural Products (DNP), NPs from cyanobacteria and the largest chemical class of NP – terpenoids.

scholarly journals Fragment Library of Natural Products and Compound Databases for Drug Discovery

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana L. Chávez-Hernández ◽  
Norberto Sánchez-Cruz ◽  
José L. Medina-Franco
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Compound Libraries ◽  
Chemical Database ◽  
Fragment Library ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Fragment Libraries ◽  
Fragment Based Drug Discovery

Natural products and semi-synthetic compounds continue to be a significant source of drug candidates for a broad range of diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is causing the current pandemic. Besides being attractive sources of bioactive compounds for further development or optimization, natural products are excellent substrates of unique substructures for fragment-based drug discovery. To this end, fragment libraries should be incorporated into automated drug design pipelines. However, public fragment libraries based on extensive collections of natural products are still limited. Herein, we report the generation and analysis of a fragment library of natural products derived from a database with more than 400,000 compounds. We also report fragment libraries of a large food chemical database and other compound datasets of interest in drug discovery, including compound libraries relevant for COVID-19 drug discovery. The fragment libraries were characterized in terms of content and diversity.

scholarly journals Dosimetric Characterization of Small Radiotherapy Electron Beams Collimated by Circular Applicators with the New Microsilicon Detector

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 600
Author(s):  
Serenella Russo ◽  
Silvia Bettarini ◽  
Barbara Grilli Leonulli ◽  
Marco Esposito ◽  
Paolo Alpi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Electron Beams ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Field Size ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Linear Accelerators ◽  
Depth Dose ◽  
Dosimetric Data ◽  
Output Factors ◽  
Dose Measurements

High-energy small electron beams, generated by linear accelerators, are used for radiotherapy of localized superficial tumours. The aim of the present study is to assess the dosimetric performance under small radiation therapy electron beams of the novel PTW microSilicon detector compared to other available dosimeters. Relative dose measurements of circular fields with 20, 30, 40, and 50 mm aperture diameters were performed for electron beams generated by an Elekta Synergy linac, with energy between 4 and 12 MeV. Percentage depth dose, transverse profiles, and output factors, normalized to the 10 × 10 cm2 reference field, were measured. All dosimetric data were collected in a PTW MP3 motorized water phantom, at SSD of 100 cm, by using the novel PTW microSilicon detector. The PTW diode E and the PTW microDiamond were also used in all beam apertures for benchmarking. Data for the biggest field size were also measured by the PTW Advanced Markus ionization chamber. Measurements performed by the microSilicon are in good agreement with the reference values for all the tubular applicators and beam energies within the stated uncertainties. This confirms the reliability of the microSilicon detector for relative dosimetry of small radiation therapy electron beams collimated by circular applicators.

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