scholarly journals Is Affirmative Action Still Necessary? Analysis of Minority-Working Adults’ Perceptions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Steven Cates
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Corporate America ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Mixed Support ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Protected Class ◽  
Prejudice And Discrimination ◽  
And Gender

Over the past three decades, the Unites States has struggle valiantly to overcome that disgusting legacy as it moves toward to eliminate race, and gender inequality, and the uprooting of prejudice and discrimination. Out of this struggle, came the birth of affirmative action. It has left politicians, social scientists, and economists debating its merits and possible alternatives. From the Supreme Court to the dinner table, the potential effects of this policy on our legal, political and social system have been argued. This study analyzes the perceptions protected class employees in terms of the affirmative action in employment. Utilizing a sample of 151 protected class working adults, data analysis provided mixed support to the stated hypotheses which suggested that affirmative action had eliminated most discriminatory practices in corporate America. The results of this study answer the question of this study asserting the necessity of the affirmative action.

scholarly journals Psychological career resources of working adults: A South African survey

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinde Coetzee
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Career Development ◽  
South African ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Employment Equity ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Organisational Context ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

The main objective of this study was to explore broad trends regarding how individuals from various age, educational, marital, race and gender groups in the South African organisational context differ in terms of their psychological career resources, as measured by the Psychological Career Resources Inventory. A sample of 2 997 working adults registered as students at a South African higher distance education institution participated in this study. The results indicate significant differences between the various biographical variables and the participants’ psychological career resources. In the context of employment equity, and with more women entering the workplace, this study is expected to contribute important knowledge that will inform career development practices concerned with enhancing employees’ career meta-competencies as an important element of their general employability.

The Millennial/Gen Z Leftists Are Emerging: Are Sociologists Ready for Them?

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-427
Author(s):  
Elaine Bell Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Do So

Sociology is being challenged by the new generation of students and scholars who have another view of society. Millennial/Gen Zs are the most progressive generation since the 1960s. We have had many opportunities to discuss and imagine power, diversity, and social change when we teach them in our classes or attend their campus events. Some Millennial/Gen Z believe, especially those in academia, that social scientists are tied to old theories and ideologies about race and gender, among other inconsistencies. These old ideas do not resonate with their views regarding equity. Millennials are not afraid to challenge the status quo. They do so already by supporting multiple gender and race identities. Several questions come to mind. How do we as sociologists with our sense of history and other issues such as racial and gender inequality help them along the way? Are we ready for this generation? Are they ready for us?

American Labor Unions in the Electoral Arena By Herbert B. Asher, Eric S. Heberlig, Randall B. Ripley, and Karen Snyder. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2001. 207p. $69.00 cloth, $19.95 paper.

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 630-630
Author(s):  
Glenn Perusek
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Organized Labor ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Union Movement ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact ◽  
American Labor

For more than a generation, as the authors rightly point out, the impact of organized labor on electoral politics has been neglected in scholarly literature. Indeed, only a tiny minority of social scientists explicitly focuses on organized labor in the United States. Although the impact of the social movements of the 1960s appeared to heighten awareness of the importance of class, race, and gender, class and its organized expression, the union movement, has received less attention, while studies of race and gender have flourished.

The Good Worker: Race and Gender in a 1970s Southern City

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-292
Author(s):  
Shirley Harkess ◽  
Carol Warren
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Mental Image ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Southern City ◽  
Almost All ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Ideal Worker

By the end of the 1970s, the effort to end employment discrimination in the South by means of affirmative action was directed toward women as well as blacks. This study, based on interviews with owners or personnel managers in 29 local or national manufacturing firms in a medium-sized city, reveals that those selecting entry-level operatives do so in terms of an elaborated mental image of the “good worker.” Essentially, the ideal worker is acquiescent as well as ever-present. The race and gender components and implications of the image tended to undermine the intent and effect of affirmative action in jobs that had few qualifications but many applicants. Almost all of those actually hired were previously known to the employer. In this context, some degree of racial integration occurred, while a high degree of gender segregation continued. Of interest from the vantage point of today, at no time was age discrimination a consideration. We conclude by noting the difficulty of altering the employer's need for control as expressed by insuring a compliant workforce.

We Know about Reagan, but Was there a Clinton Effect? Earnings by Race, Gender, Marital and Family Status, 1993 and 2000

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-117
Author(s):  
Richard Hogan ◽  
Carolyn Cummings Perrucci
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Great Society ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Black Single Mothers ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Opportunity Programs

Radical and mainstream social scientists still speak of the effect of President Ronald Reagan’s administration on the welfare state and the legacy of Great Society and Equal Opportunity programs, but, as indicated in a search of the American Sociological Review and Critical Sociology, there is less research focused on President Bill Clinton’s plan to end welfare as we knew it. Here we begin with an historical perspective on race and gender gaps, 1955–2016, including a consideration of macro-economic processes associated with postmodernism. Then we compare the effects of marital and family status on earnings, focusing on race and gender effects, at the beginning (1993) and end (2000) of the Clinton era. We find considerable support for the concerns raised by early radical critics, notably, evidence of an influx of low-income black single mothers. We consider the possibility that these are institutional rather than regime effects, in conclusion.

Minority Graduates from Michigan Law School: Differently Successful

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 521-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Nelson ◽  
Monique R. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Law School ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Admissions Policies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
White Graduates

Lempert, Chambers, and Adams (2000; hereafter LCA) make an important contribution to both the debate on affirmative action in legal education and the sociology of the legal profession. We find their empirical results credible and agree with their interpretations of the data related to arguments about the role of affirmative action in Michigan's admissions policies. Yet, in crafting an analysis to demonstrate the similarities in the career outcomes of minority and white graduates, they have minimized evidence that points to substantial continuing patterns of inequality by race and gender within the legal profession. Moreover, LCA only begin to illuminate the mechanisms that produce the career patterns they document. Of particular importance is the question of how race, class, and gender interact to shape lawyers' careers-a topic LCA largely reserve for future analyses.

Politics of Inclusion: Review Essay

2021 ◽  
pp. 2455328X2110257
Author(s):  
Zeeshan Husain ◽  
Rajanikanta Gochhayat
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Review Essay ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
Peculiar Form ◽  
Electoral Reforms ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Definition Of

Politics of Inclusion (2009) is an unusual book as its major arguments are not merely valid but are increasingly relevant. Published over a decade ago, it remains a must read for policymakers, political scientists and developmental experts. This review essay has tried to lay down eight key arguments that the book made. These are expanding the ambit of the definition of discrimination from only historical to both past and present forms; accepting that Muslims are not only a poor community but also suffer a peculiar form of discrimination which is increasing; discrimination and backwardness both criterion must be fulfilled for any kind of affirmative action to be institutionalized; state should be welfare in nature and protect all vulnerable social groups; acknowledging that Hindutva is not only against religious minorities but also against women; political representation must be on the four axes of caste, ethnicity, religion and gender; for proper representation of Dalits, tribes, Muslims and women we need electoral reforms and lastly, Scheduled Caste (SC) status must be conferred to Dalit Muslims and Dalit Christians. Rather than simply summing up the book, this review essay uses arguments from various contemporary political theorists and social scientists.

History of Pediatrics

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy Pawluch ◽  
Samuel Schotland
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Research With Children ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Pediatrics ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Vantage Points ◽  
The 19Th Century

Although interest in the health, illnesses, and well-being of the young dates back to Antiquity, the term pediatrics is relatively modern, originating in the latter half of the 19th century with the emergence of a distinct and organized specialty within medicine. The literature covering that development, and the history of medical interest in children more generally, is vast, characterized by contributions from clinician-historians and, especially after the 1960s, historians, anthropologists, sociologists, and other social scientists. The tendency in the earlier literature was to produce largely descriptive works celebrating the great men (less so women) of pediatrics and their triumphs. Since the 1960s, however, appreciation has grown of the need to look beyond a simple chronicling and honoring of individuals and their scientific and technological achievements. The trend has been toward more analytical histories that pay attention to the social, cultural, political, and economic contexts within which pediatrics developed, and to the role of such factors as class, race, and gender. Both types of contributions—those generated by clinician-historians and those by critical analysts writing from vantage points outside of medicine—are reflected here. Drawing clear boundaries around the subject of pediatric history is difficult. The literature cited inevitably overlaps to a greater or lesser extent with other Oxford Bibliographies articles, such as “Children and Social Policy and “Ethics in Research with Children.” An effort has been made to include sources where pediatrics as a specialty features centrally or that cover developments that have been pivotal to the evolution of the specialty.

Religious Group Discrimination

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Ghumman ◽  
Ann Marie Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Religious Diversity ◽  
Religious Group ◽  
Religious Discrimination ◽  
Work Context ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Protected Class ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Practical Implications

According to the laws of many countries, religion is a protected class and religious discrimination in the workplace on the basis of one’s religion is prohibited. However, due to various factors (e.g., sociopolitical events, increases in religious diversity), religious discrimination claims have been on the rise since the early 2000s, thus necessitating the need for researchers and practitioners alike to gain a deeper understanding of religious discrimination in the workplace. Consequently, the purpose of this chapter is to review the workplace religious discrimination literature. The chapter highlights why religion has come to be a stigmatized characteristic in the work context, how it is unique in regard to other protected classes such as race and gender, and what are the specific contributors of workplace religious discrimination. It also offers several directions for future areas of research and practical implications for managers.

scholarly journals Identifying the barriers to affirmative action training: Perceptions of affirmative action appointees in Mpumalanga public hospitals

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Rankhumise ◽  
Fulufhelo G. Netswera
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Hospital Management ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Internal Policy ◽  
And Gender

Orientation: Since the advent of democracy in 1994 numerous policies and programmes were put in place to address the imbalances of race and gender in the South African labour force.Research purpose: The aim of this study is to gauge the perceptions about existing barriers in the implementation of affirmative action (AA) training interventions at public hospitals in the Mpumalanga Province.Motivations for the study: The research conducted in this study provides valuable information which would enable the Mpumalanga health department and public hospital management to develop improved interventions associated with AA training interventions.Research design, approach and method: The population of the study consists of two groups of participants which are AA appointees and AA mentors. The study mixed qualitative and quantitative research methodological processes.Main findings: Results of this study show that there are differences in perceptions between Black respondents who believe that mentors should be held liable for the failure of the mentees and White respondents who disagreed. The findings suggest that employees are of the opinion that internal policy guidelines on the implementation of AA are not communicated to all employees.Practical implications: Public hospital management should articulate the purpose of AA interventions and its targets to both mentors and mentees and continuously review the implementation thereof.Contribution: The study contributes towards explaining the importance of training interventions that are useful for the success of AA appointees in their respective duties and also give account of barriers that are experienced by these appointees.

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