scholarly journals RESEARCH ON THE EFFECT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD OF EHF BAND ON SEEDS OF CULTURAL PLANTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
O.A. Olenyuk ◽  
O.V. Tkach
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Technological Processing ◽  
Plant Yields ◽  
Sowing Seed

In modern conditions, to increase the yield of cultivated plants use pre-sowing seeds with the use of chemical and biological products. Due to the orientation of the world's leading countries on environmentally friendly agricultural production technologies, more and more attention is being paid to the development of electro-technological processing methods. The main advantage of electromagnetic technology for pre-sowing seed treatment with low-energy radiation of the EHF range is the possibility of improving their growth and development by mobilizing the internal reserves of the seed itself, accelerating the diffusion of molecules through the cell membrane, the speed of chemical reactions and causing redness plants and promotes yield without chemical or biological agents or genetic engineering methods. The technology of seed treatment EMF EHF allows to store in the seed all the nutrients, vitamins and minerals, which when processed by other methods is difficult to achieve. The study is based on the analysis of literature, theoretical and experimental studies of the energy and spectral characteristics of the diode generator in the EHF wavelength range, which can be concluded that the increase in plant yields is possible based on the use of millimeter-wave electromagnetic radiation for pre-sowing seed treatment. The article proposes a technique for investigating the energy characteristics of a semiconductor six-diode generator on avalanche-spanning diodes for pre-sowing seed treatment of cultivated plants. The result of the developed technique is that one of the main elements of the plant for pre-sowing seed treatment is the emitter of EM energy, which should form the necessary radiation pattern and provide a sufficient level of power flow density on the grain.

scholarly journals Experimental studies on vegetable marrow seeds ozonation using laboratory equipment

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 00002
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Bogdanov ◽  
Victoria V. Evchenko ◽  
Svetlana Yu. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Vegetable Marrow ◽  
Sowing Seed

A set of measures is taken to protect plants against various diseases and to prevent yield losses. One of the components of such actions is a pre-sowing seed treatment. One of the effective ways of pre-sowing treatment is seeds ozonization, which stimulates their germination and provides the prevention of plant diseases, hence this process increases the germination and the yield of agricultural crops. Our laboratory equipment was made to substantiate the ozonation regimes. Experimental studies on seeds ozonation were carried out for agricultural crop (the zucchini variety Zebra), which is widely used in Russia, particularly in the natural-climatic areas of the Urals. Taking into account that high ozone concentrations are dangerous to human health and life (to service personnel), pre-sowing seeds treatment was carried out at relatively safe concentrations (up to 10 mg/m3), paying attention to the tightness of the equipment. Ozone concentrations of 3 mg/m3, 6 mg/m3 and 9 mg/m3 and seed treatment time of 120 min, 240 min, 360 min and 480 min were chosen. The experimental studies have shown, that a rational regime of seeds treatment for obtaining the maximum germination (79.1%), is observed when ozone concentration is 9 mg/m3 and treatment time is 247.7 min. Thus, the developed laboratory equipment helps to determine the rational ozonation regimes for zucchini seeds. It can also be used to determine the rational ozonation regimes for seeds of other crops.

scholarly journals Experimental studies results of electromagnetic field effect of dielcometer system to increase the yield of greenhouse crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 03011
Author(s):  
Roman S. Singatulin ◽  
Alexandr V. Sapryka
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Tomato Seeds

The article presents experimental studies of the application of electromagnetic technologies for impact on biological objects. Tomato seeds were chosen as experimental biological objects. For the study, the technological parameters of EMF were obtained using the method of full factor experiment. Laboratory and field studies were carried out. In laboratory studies, the results of EMF effects on chromosomal aberrations of tomato seeds were obtained. Dependencies of chromosomal aberrations in tomato seeds on changes in seeds EMF exposure, EMF frequency, and EMF power flow density were given. In field studies, pre-sowing treatment of tomato seeds with electromagnetic radiation was performed in order to cause changes in biochemical processes in the plant. During the experiment, 55 options of pre-sowing EMF treatment with specified parameters were obtained. Dependencies of tomato seed germination on input parameters - EMF frequency, power flow density and exposure were given. After laboratory and field tests, it was concluded that pre-sowing EMF treatment of tomato seeds with optimal parameters results in an increase in chromosomal aberrations of tomatoes by 5.5%; field germination of tomatoes by 18%.

АКУСТИЧНА ПОМІТНІСТЬ БЕЗПІЛОТНИХ ЛІТАЛЬНИХ АПАРАТІВ З СИЛОВИМИ УСТАНОВКАМИ НА БАЗІ ПОРШНЕВИХ ДВИГУНІВ

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-80
Author(s):  
В. В. Руденко ◽  
И. В. Калужинов ◽  
Н. А. Андрущенко
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Acoustic Signature ◽  
Static Conditions

The presence in operation of many prototypes of UAVs with propeller propellers, the use of such devices at relatively low altitudes and flight speeds makes the problem of noise reduction from UAVs urgent both from the point of view of acoustic imperceptibility and ecology.The aim of the work is to determine a set of methods that help to reduce the visibility of UAVs in the acoustic range. It is shown that the main source of noise from the UAV on the ground is the power plant, which includes the engine and the propeller. The parameters of the power plants influencing the processes that determine the acoustic signature of the UAV were investigated. A comprehensive analysis of the factors affecting visibility was carried out. The power plants include two-stroke and four-stroke engines, internal combustion and two-blade propellers. The use of silencers on the exhaust of the internal combustion engine was considered. The spectral characteristics of the acoustic fields of the propeller-driven power plants for the operating sample of the UAV "Eco" were obtained. The measurements were carried out in one-third octave and 1/48 octave frequency bands under static conditions. The venue is the KhAI airfield. Note that the propellers that were part of the power plants operated at Reynolds numbers (Re0,75<2*105), which can significantly affect its aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics. It is shown that when choosing a UAV control system, one should take into account the fact that two-stroke piston engines are the dominant source in the noise of propeller-driven control systems in the absence of a hood and mufflers in the intake and exhaust tracts. The use of a four-stroke internal combustion engine significantly reduces the noise of the control system. In the general case, the position of the boundaries of the zone of acoustic visibility of a UAV at the location of the observer is determined by the ratio between the intensity of acoustic radiation perceived by the observer from the UAV and the intensity of sound corresponding to the natural acoustic background and depends on the degree of manifestation of acoustic effects accompanying the propagation of sound in a turbulent atmosphere - the refraction of sound waves. Absorption and dissipation of acoustic energy. The calculation and comparison of the UAV detection range was carried out taking into account the existing natural maskers.The results of experimental studies are presented that allow assessing the degree of acoustic signature of the UAV. A set of measures aimed at reducing the intensity of the acoustic signature of the UAV in various regions of the radiation spectrum has been determined.

Improvement of separate elements of the techno-logy of cultivation of white cabbage in the conditions of the of the central region of the non-chernozem zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Konstantinovich ◽  
◽  
A.S. Kuracheva ◽  
E.D. Binkevich
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Sowing Seed

In conditions of climate change, when temperature and precipitation fluctuations occur more and more frequently during the growing season, it is necessary to obtain high quality seedlings with "immunity" to various stress factors, including high weediness, the damage from which is associated with a decrease in yield (by 25 -35%) and with a deterioration in the quality of agricultural products. Due to the imbalance in production technology, seedlings are often weakened, overgrown, with a low yield per unit area and survival rate in the field. One of the solutions to this problem is the use of PP for pre-sowing seed treatment to increase the competitiveness of seedlings in the field.

Influence of pre-sowing seed treatment on frost- and winter resistance of winter wheat after various predecessors

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
A.V. Cherenkov ◽  
◽  
S.K. Gruzinov ◽  
I.O. Kobos ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Sowing Seed

CHANGE OF THE FRESH MUSHROOM TEXTURE IN THE PROCESS OF REFRIGERATED STORAGE AFTER PROCESSING WITH UV RADIATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.В. Кондратенко ◽  
Н.И. Федянина ◽  
О.В. Карастоянова
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Wave Range

Исследовано влияние обработки свежих плодовых тел шампиньонов (Agaricus bisporus) ультрафиолетовым излучением в коротковолновом диапазоне С (100–280 нм) дозами 160, 320, 480, 640, 800 Дж/м2 при плотности потока мощности 2,7 · 103Дж/с · м2 на изменение качественного показателя хранимоспособности – текстуры грибов в процессе холодильного хранения. Хранение упаковок с грибами осуществляли в холодильной камере при t 4–5°С и относительной влажности воздуха 85–90%. Контроль изменения показателя хранимоспособности проводили по истечении 1, 3, 8, 13, 16, 21, 24 и 27-ми сут. В процессе хранения исследовали динамику изменения текстуры грибов, кг/см2. Установлено, что обработка в диапазоне доз до 418 Дж/м2 приводит к негативному эффекту изменения хранимоспособности и является нецелесообразной. Определено, что обработка УФ излучением в диапазоне доз 418–800 Дж/м2 приводит к увеличению хранимоспособности и достигает своего экстремума при 685 Дж/м2. При экстраполяции результатов экспериментальных данных такая тенденция отмечается, предположительно, до дозы 876 Дж/м2. Получены динамики текстуры в процессе хранения после обработки УФ излучением. Разработано математическое описание зависимости предельной хранимоспособности по показателю текстуры грибов от дозы облучения. The effect of irradiation of fresh the fruiting bodies of champignons (Agaricus bisporus) with ultraviolet radiation in the short – wave range C (100–280 nm) doses of 160, 320, 480, 640, 800 J/m2at a power flow density of 2,7 · 103 J/s · m2 on the change in the quality indicator of ability to store – the texture of mushrooms during cold storage was studied. Packages with mushrooms were stored in a refrigerator at t 4–5°C and relative humidity 85–90%. Monitoring of changes of ability to store was carried after 1, 3, 8, 13, 16, 21, 24 and 27 days. During storage, studied the dynamics of changes in the texture of mushrooms, kg/cm2. It was found that irradiation in the dose range up to 418 J/m2 leads to a negative effect of changes of ability to store and is impractical. It was determined that ultraviolet radiation in the dose range of 418– 800 J/m2leads to an increase of ability to store and reaches extreme at 685 J/m2. When extrapolating the results of experimental data, such a tendency is presumably observed up to a dose of 876 J/m2. The dynamics of the texture obtained during storage after processing with ultraviolet radiation. A mathematical description of the dependence of the maximum storage capacity in terms of the texture of mushrooms on the radiation dose is developed.

Hot water seed treatment for Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth

1962 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
SG Gray
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Sowing Seed

Seed of Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth. germinates slowly, and irregularly unless treated before sowing to render the testa permeable to water. Treatment with sulphuric acid is effective but inconvenient to use. Experiments with hot water over a range of temperature and time are described. An effective treatment was to immerse the seed in water at 80�Cfor two minutes. After this treatment seed can be dried rapidly and stored before sowing. Seed treated in this way has retained full viability for 15 months.

scholarly journals Combined application of organomineral and mineral fertilizers in the fertilization system of winter wheat on the southern black soil of the Lower Don

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Artem Vladimirovich Ermilov ◽  
Roman Aleksandrovich Kamenev ◽  
Anatoly Petrovich Solodovnikov ◽  
Vladimir Nikolaevich Maksimchuk
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Fertilization System

The article presents an analysis of the determination of the effectiveness of mineral and organic fertilizers on the yield of winter wheat grain. The studies were carried out in 2017–2020 in the Rostov region on the southern chernozem. The object of research was the Doneko winter wheat variety. The predecessor is corn for grain. Ammonium nitrate, ANP fertilizer (16-16-16) and urea were used as mineral fertilizers, which were applied in the fertilization system of winter wheat and acted as a background option in the experimental scheme. ANP fertilizer (16-16-16) was introduced when sowing winter wheat, ammonium nitrate - scattered over thawed-frozen soil and carbamide in the heading phase by foliar method. Organomineral fertilizers were represented by the following types: Ruther, Leili 2000, Siamino Pro, Gumiful Pro, Soft Guard and Double Wine MKR (monocaliphosphate) produced by Biokepharm (Switzerland). The raw material for the production of organomineral fertilizers was the algae of the warm seas Laminaria. In the field experiment, the options for the joint application of foliar application and pre-sowing seed treatment with organomineral fertilizers were also studied. The control was the option without mineral fertilizers and the option with the background of the use of mineral fertilizers (farm fertilization system). It was found out that the use of organic fertilizers Ruter (0.5 or 0.25 l / t) and Leyli (0.25 l / t) for seed treatment before sowing, the use of Soft Guard (0.2 l / ha) and Gumiful Pro ( 0.2 l / ha) in the spring tillering phase and in the flag leaf phase against the background of sowing nitroammophoska at a dose of N32P32K32, random fertilizing on thawed-frozen soil with ammonium nitrate at a dose of N40 and the use of carbamide in the heading phase at a dose of N20 increased grain yield on average for 2018–2020 compared with the control (fertilization system of the farm) by 0.73 t / ha, or 23.0%. The maximum yield increase from the root-forming agent Ruther, used for pre-sowing seed treatment, reached 0.36 t / g, or 11.3%.  

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