scholarly journals The U.S. Employment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-694
Author(s):  
David E. Graham
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Weapon System ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
The Past ◽  
The U.S

Much has been written over the past several years regarding the increased U.S. employment of UAVs as a weapon system against both combatants on a battlefield and terrorists far removed from an active zone of military operations. As an element of this dialogue, there has occurred a growing discussion as to whether, given what some view as the appearance of new threats to national security—existing in the form of al-Qaeda and similar terrorist organizations—there is now a need for enhanced clarity and transparency concerning the legal principles applicable to when, where, and how such systems might be used. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that, if, in fact, uncertainty exists as to the legal norms to be applied in the employment of UAVs against those who threaten U.S. security interests—it is an uncertainty of a U.S. self-inflicted nature. In truth, the old law, i.e., currently existing codified and customary international legal principles, can quite sufficiently regulate the lawful use of these systems. Any confusion surrounding this subject is, in reality, due to the consistently self-serving and highly questionable manner in which the U.S. government has both interpreted and applied these norms. Before turning to a discussion of the relevant legal issues, however, it would be helpful to briefly examine the basic nomenclature of commonly U.S.-deployed UAVs.

Unmanned? Gender Recalibrations and the Rise of Drone Warfare

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 50-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Bayard de Volo
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Military Strategy ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Defense Department ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Revolution In Military Affairs ◽  
Drone Warfare ◽  
The U.S

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)—drones—are increasingly prominent in U.S. military strategy (Shaw and Akhter 2012). The U.S. Air Force (USAF) trains more UAV pilots than fighter and bomber pilots combined (Parsons 2012). A 2011 Defense Department analysis predicted “a force made up almost entirely of [UAVs] by the middle of this century” (U.S. Department of Defense 2011). Some argue that drones and other robotics so alter the character and conduct of military operations as to constitute a revolution in military affairs (RMA) (Singer 2009).

scholarly journals The Widening Gender Gap in Opposition to Pornography, 1975-2012

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia C. Lykke ◽  
Philip N. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Cultural Shift ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pornography Consumption ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time

In the last several decades pornography in the U.S. has become more mainstream, more accessible, more phallocentric and more degrading to women. Further, consumption of pornography remains a major difference in the sexual experiences of men and women. Yet research has not addressed how opposition to pornography has changed over the this period, despite shifts in the accessibility and visibility of pornography as well as new cultural and legal issues presented by the advent of Internet pornography. We examine gender differences in opposition to pornography from 1975 to 2012, measured by support for legal censorship of pornography in the General Social Survey. Results show that both men’s and women’s opposition to pornography have decreased significantly over the past 40 years, suggesting a cultural shift toward “pornographication” affecting attitudes. However, women remain more opposed to pornography than men, and men’s opposition has declined faster, so the gender gap in opposition to pornography has widened, indicating further divergence of men’s and women’s sexualattitudes over time. This is consistent with the increasingly normative nature of pornography consumption for men, increases over time in men’s actual consumption of pornography, and its increasingly degrading depictionof women.

scholarly journals Peer-to-peer lending in Vietnam and experience from other countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Thu Trang ◽  
Luong Xuan Minh ◽  
Vo Thi Ngoc Ha
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Practical Situation ◽  
Developed Markets ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
P2p Lending ◽  
The U.S

Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending is gaining popularity in Vietnam, especially in the past two years. In fact, this form of lending appeared a long time ago in the world with the establishment of Zopa in the U.K. in 2005. There is neither much research nor a strict legal framework on P2P lending in Vietnam. As a result, P2P lending platforms encounter many problems, especially legal issues during their operation in Vietnam. The article aims to provide a theoretical framework on P2P lending and the practical situation in developed markets such as the U.S. and European. We also present an overview of the P2P lending market and the performance of P2P lending platforms in Vietnam which we find not operating up to their essence. Based on the analysis and experience from other countries, we suggest some solutions to increase the effectiveness of this form of lending in Vietnam’s market.  

Manpower, Skill and Fatigue Analysis of Future Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Environments

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (23) ◽  
pp. 1905-1909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Walters ◽  
Michael J. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Human Engineering ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
The U.S

Recent military operations conducted by the U.S. have brought to light several human factors challenges in regard to the control of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The purpose of this research was to examine the crew environment and soldier performance issues related to future UAV systems. Multiple studies were conducted using a variety of human engineering tools to address UAV crew issues related to: 1) the utility of having rated aviators as crewmembers, 2) supplementing current crews with imagery and intelligence specialists, 3) the use of automation to improve systems efficiency, and 4) the effects of crew size, rotation schedule, and fatigue on crewmember performance. No evidence was found to support a requirement for rated aviators in future Army missions. However, the use of cognitively oriented embedded training simulators was suggested to aid novices in developing the cognitive skills exhibited by experts. The effectiveness of adding imagery specialists to crews is discussed, as well as specific recommendations related to automation and crew size derived from simulation modeling.

Novel Drugs and Biologics of 2016: A Boom for Neurodrugs in the Pipelin

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 3809-3814
Author(s):  
D Samba Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
High Demand ◽  
The Past ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Cns Drugs ◽  
The U.S

This article provides a brief overview of novel drugs approved by the U.S. FDA in 2016.  It also focuses on the emerging boom in the development of neurodrugs for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. These new drugs are innovative products that often help advance clinical care worldwide, and in 2016, twenty-two such drugs were approved by the FDA. The list includes the first new drug for disorders such as spinal muscular atrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy or hallucinations and delusions of Parkinson’s disease, among several others. Notably, nine of twenty-two (40%) were novel CNS drugs, indicating the industry shifting to neurodrugs. Neurodrugs are the top selling pharmaceuticals worldwide, especially in America and Europe. Therapeutic neurodrugs have proven their significance many times in the past few decades, and the CNS drug portfolio represents some of the most valuable agents in the current pipeline. Many neuroproducts are vital or essential medicines in the current therapeutic armamentarium, including dozens of “blockbuster drugs” (drugs with $1 billion sales potential).  These drugs include antidepressants, antimigraine medications, and anti-epilepsy medications. The rise in neurodrugs’ sales is predominantly due to increased diagnoses of CNS conditions. The boom for neuromedicines is evident from the recent rise in investment, production, and introduction of new CNS drugs.  There are many promising neurodrugs still in the pipeline, which are developed based on the validated “mechanism-based” strategy. Overall, disease-modifying neurodrugs that can prevent or cure serious diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and Alzheimer’s disease, are in high demand. 

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