scholarly journals National Interest in Security Science

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Darko Trifunović ◽  
Milica Ćurčić
Keyword(s):  
National Interest ◽  
Future Research ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
Raymond Aron ◽  
Security Science

The aim of this paper is a review of the conceptualization of national interest in the theoretical assumptions of realism. A review of the literature and its analysis provides an overview of the main findings of prominent realists who shaped the national interest and created a solid foundation for future research: Hans Morgentau, Raymond Aron, and Kenneth Waltz. Consequently, the scientific goals of this paper are to summarize the scope and manner of national interest’s thematization in realist’s research and, to analyze the significance of their scientific contribution to the Science of Security. National interest remains one of the most important terms in Security Science. A prudent articulation of national interests is a key factor for the security of any state, so understanding this concept is extremely important for Security Science theorists. A realistic understanding of the national interest as a key driver, but also a determinant of the behavior of states concerning other states, is still relevant today.

Unique VA Database Provides Solid Foundation for Future Research

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan D. Fihn ◽  
Mary B. McDonell ◽  
Stephan M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Solid Foundation

The Importance of the Posterolateral Area of the Diaphragm Muscle for Palpation and for the Treatment of Manual Osteopathic Medicine

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bruno Bordoni ◽  
Stevan Walkowski ◽  
Allan Escher ◽  
Bruno Ducoux
Keyword(s):  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical Aspect ◽  
Osteopathic Medicine ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Solid Foundation

The eupneic act in healthy subjects involves a coordinated combination of functional anatomy and neurological activation. Neurologically, a central pattern generator, the components of which are distributed between the brainstem and the spinal cord, are hypothesized to drive the process and are modeled mathematically. A functionally anatomical approach is easier to understand although just as complex. Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is part of osteopathic medicine, which has many manual techniques to approach the human body, trying to improve the patient’s homeostatic response. The principle on which OMT is based is the stimulation of self-healing processes, researching the intrinsic physiological mechanisms of the person, taking into consideration not only the physical aspect, but also the emotional one and the context in which the patient lives. This article reviews how the diaphragm muscle moves, with a brief discussion on anatomy and the respiratory neural network. The goal is to highlight the critical issues of OMT on the correct positioning of the hands on the posterolateral area of the diaphragm around the diaphragm, trying to respect the existing scientific anatomical-physiological data, and laying a solid foundation for improving the data obtainable from future research. The correctness of the position of the operator’s hands in this area allows a more effective palpatory perception and, consequently, a probably more incisive result on the respiratory function.

Climate change and security in Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-203
Author(s):  
Wilfrid Greaves
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
National Security ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Future Research ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Domestic Conflict ◽  
The Third ◽  
Current State ◽  
Humanitarian Crises

This article examines the implications of human-caused climate change for security in Canada. The first section outlines the current state of climate change, the second discusses climate change impacts on human security in Canada, and the third outlines four other areas of Canada’s national interests threatened by climate change: economic threats; Arctic threats; humanitarian crises at home and abroad; and the threat of domestic conflict. In the conclusion, I argue that climate change has clearly not been successfully “securitized” in Canada, despite the material threats it poses to human and national security, and outline directions for future research.

scholarly journals Coastal winds drive a recruitment mechanism for estuarine fisheries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayden T. Schilling ◽  
Charles Hinchliffe ◽  
Jonathan P. Gillson ◽  
Anthony Miskiewicz ◽  
Iain M. Suthers
Keyword(s):  
Larval Fish ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Onshore Wind ◽  
Larval Recruitment ◽  
Australian Region ◽  
Coastal Winds ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
Catch Rates

AbstractCoastal winds transport larval fish onshore or offshore which may contribute to estuarine recruitment, yet our understanding of the mechanism underlying this relationship is limited. Here, we show that larval abundance of coastally spawned species increased with weak to moderate upwelling favourable winds 14 days prior to sampling, reflecting increased nutrient and plankton availability for larval fish. A strong decline in larval abundance was observed following strong upwelling favourable winds while abundance increased with onshore (downwelling favourable) winds, in relation to offshore and onshore wind-driven transport. Subsequently, we show that effects of wind during the spawning period can be detected in lagged estuarine commercial fisheries catch rates of coastally spawned species (lagged by 2 – 8 years depending on species’ growth rates), representing the same mechanism proposed for larval fish. Upwelling favourable winds in the southeast Australian region have increased since 1850 while onshore winds have decreased, which may reduce larval recruitment to estuaries. Coastal winds are likely an important factor for estuarine recruitment in the east Australian region and future research on the estuarine recruitment of fish should incorporate coastal winds. As global winds are changing, it is important to investigate if this mechanism is applicable to other regions around the world where coastal winds are a key driver of upwelling.

scholarly journals PSYCHOGEOGRAPHICAL EXPERIENCE BETWEEN THE SELF AND THE PLACE

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-263
Author(s):  
Mohd Fadhli Shah Khaidzir ◽  
Ruzy Suliza Hashim ◽  
Noraini Md. Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Place Meaning ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Self Discovery ◽  
Attachment Place

Background and Purpose: The absence of psychogeographical awareness is a critical factor contributing to the lackadaisical attitudes towards the place and its environment. As a result, it enables an individual to fully experience a location, both physically and intellectually, while also gaining a feeling of self-discovery and self-realisation.   Methodology: The purpose of this study was to examine the responses of a group of individuals who participated in a field observation. 40 participants from a Malaysian university's foundation level were brought to Malacca to experience the environment's geographical scenery at their own leisure. The survey data was then manually transcribed and analysed in accordance with the study's aim.   Findings: Interactions with individuals and observation of features in the countryside and urban surroundings enabled participants to go on a psychogeographical journey that influenced their way of thinking and behaving. All participants felt that the journey had influenced their experiences and perspectives on their thinking and behaviour, highlighting the critical role of this notion in establishing the connection between place and self.   Contributions:  The findings of this study provide a solid foundation for future research in the field of psychogeography. The data may be used as a baseline for future studies to determine whether a comparable impact exists in other locations, with or without significant features like those found in Malacca.   Keywords: Psychogeography, place attachment, place meaning, self-discovery, Malacca.   Cite as: Khaidzir, M. F. S., Hashim, R. S., & Md. Yusof, N. (2022). Psychogeographical experience between the self and the place.  Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(1), 243-263. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss1pp243-263

scholarly journals Multi-Layer Quality Inspection System Framework for Industry 4.0

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-650
Author(s):  
Victor Azamfirei ◽  
◽  
Anna Granlund ◽  
Yvonne Lagrosen
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Production Control ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Quality Inspection ◽  
Industrial Case Study ◽  
Key Factor

In the era of market globalisation, the quality of products has become a key factor for success in the manufacturing industry. The growing demand for customised products requires a corresponding adjustment of processes, leading to frequent and necessary changes in production control. Quality inspection has been historically used by the manufacturing industry to detect defects before customer delivery of the end product. However, traditional quality methods, such as quality inspection, suffer from large limitations in highly customised small batch production. Frameworks for quality inspection have been proposed in the current literature. Nevertheless, full exploitation of the Industry 4.0 context for quality inspection purpose remains an open field. Vice-versa, for quality inspection to be suitable for Industry 4.0, it needs to become fast, accurate, reliable, flexible, and holistic. This paper addresses these challenges by developing a multi-layer quality inspection framework built on previous research on quality inspection in the realm of Industry 4.0. In the proposed framework, the quality inspection system consists of (a) the work-piece to be inspected, (b) the measurement instrument, (c) the actuator that manipulates the measurement instrument and possibly the work-piece, (d) an intelligent control system, and (e) a cloud-connected database to the previous resources; that interact with each other in five different layers, i.e., resources, actions, and data in both the cyber and physical world. The framework is built on the assumption that data (used and collected) need to be validated, holistic and on-line, i.e., when needed, for the system to effectively decide upon conformity to surpass the presented challenges. Future research will focus on implementing and validating the proposed framework in an industrial case study.

scholarly journals ExTaxsI: an exploration tool of biodiversity molecular data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Agostinetto ◽  
Anna Sandionigi ◽  
Adam Chahed ◽  
Alberto Brusati ◽  
Elena Parladori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Data ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Biodiversity Data ◽  
Related Information ◽  
New Information ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
New Research

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing availability of multi omics data is leading to continually revise estimates of existing biodiversity data. In particular, the molecular data enable to characterize novel species yet unknown and to increase the information linked to those already observed with new genomic data. For this reason, the management and visualization of existing molecular data, and their related metadata, through the implementation of easy to use IT tools have become a key point for the development of future research. The more users are able to access biodiversity related information, the greater the ability of the scientific community to expand the knowledge in this area.ResultsIn our research we have focused on the development of ExTaxsI (Exploring Taxonomies Information), an IT tool able to retrieve biodiversity data stored in NCBI databases and provide a simple and explorable visualization. Through the three case studies presented here, we have shown how an efficient organization of the data already present can lead to obtaining new information that is fundamental as a starting point for new research. Our approach was also able to highlight the limits in the distribution data availability, a key factor to consider in the experimental design phase of broad spectrum studies, such as metagenomics.ConclusionsExTaxI can easily produce explorable visualization of molecular data and its metadata, with the aim to help researchers to improve experimental designs and highlight the main gaps in the coverage of available data.

Overcoming Intersectional Barriers

2018 ◽  
pp. 971-993
Author(s):  
Sara L. Parker ◽  
Kay Standing
Keyword(s):  
Life Experiences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
Just Society ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research And Policy

This chapter discusses the complexity and challenges of exploring the impact of gender on women's ability to realise their potential in Nepal. It demonstrates the limitations of using binary divisions to exploring ‘gender' as a key factor that impacts upon women's lives. By analysing interviews with ‘inspirational' women in Nepal conducted between 2009 and 2012 the chapter highlights the importance of exploring intersectional factors that also influenced women's life experiences. Based on interviews with 34 ‘inspirational' women in Nepal the chapter explores how the term ‘inspirational' is defines and discusses the range of work being done by so many women in Nepal that is truly inspiring. Through a discourse analysis of their stories of childhood and education we can see what key factors have played a role in enabling these women to realise their potential and to overcome intersectional barriers to work in a range of diverse positions, from the first female District Development Officer to the first women to gain her doctorate from overseas, to women who have set up NGOS working towards a more equitable and just society to others who have set up their own businesses or becoming leading academics. The conclusion draws together some key recommendations for future research and policy makers as well as those seeking to promote more equitable sustainable development that truly includes women in the process as autonomous, heterogeneous actors in the development process

Selfless Jurisdiction and the National Interest

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-91
Author(s):  
Cedric Ryngaert
Keyword(s):  
National Interest ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Criminal Jurisdiction ◽  
The Common ◽  
Normative Perspective

This chapter examines the variables that may determine the exercise of jurisdiction in the common interest. It inquires what explanatory variables determine the dependent variable of the (non-)exercise of jurisdiction in the common interest, based on actual jurisdictional practice of states. However, the chapter’s approach is also normative where it seeks to justify particular interest-based practices of jurisdiction or recommends reform. The author argues that, realistically, bystander states are only likely to exercise selfless jurisdiction if this also serves their national interests. However, he submits that this limitation of cosmopolitan action need not be regrettable. Instead, it could be justified from a normative perspective. In particular, the variables determining the (non-)exercise of universal criminal jurisdiction as well as the jurisdictional extension of domestic economic regulation are discussed to support the argument.

scholarly journals MUSCLE STRENGTH AND CAFFEINE SUPPLEMENTATION: ARE WE DOING MORE OF THE SAME?

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
Edgard de Melo Keene Von Koenig Soares ◽  
Giliard Lago Garcia ◽  
Guilherme Eckhardt Molina ◽  
Keila Elizabeth Fontana
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Ergogenic Effects ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Level I ◽  
Small Muscle ◽  
Intervening Factors ◽  
Isometric Muscle ◽  
Voluntary Strength

ABSTRACT The purpose of this review was to examine in the current literature the advances made in terms of the effects of caffeine supplementation on maximum strength and its associated mechanisms since the publication of two important papers in 2010. Searches were carried out in the PubMed, Medline, Scielo and Web of Science databases for articles published after 2010. Sixteen studies were included based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Five studies did not report changes in maximal voluntary strength (31.3%). Four of them used isometric muscle contractions, although this may not be a key factor because five other studies also used isometric contractions and reported ergogenic effects. Furthermore, these four studies evaluated small muscle groups and volunteers were not accustomed to consuming caffeine. Caffeine produced ergogenic effects in eleven of the sixteen studies analyzed (68.8%). None of the doses were clearly related to ergogenic effects; however, a dose of at least 3 mg/kg of caffeine is probably necessary. Caffeine ergogenicity was affected by various factors. There was a lack of standardized protocols and controls for intervening factors (e.g., circadian cycles and nutritional states), which could affect results. An ideal caffeine supplementation protocol that is useful for future research, athletes, and physical activity practitioners, has yet to be defined. A small advance made since 2010 involved a possible lack of gender difference; it would appear that caffeine supplementation affects men and women equally. Level of Evidence I; Systematic Review of Level I Studies.

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